不稳定型心绞痛与PAI-1及血小板活性的临床研究

目的　探讨老年不稳定型心绞痛 (UAP)与纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂 1型 (PAI 1)及血小板活化功能的临床意义。　 方法 　测定 87例老年UAP患者发作时的血清PAI 1水平与血小板活化因子CD62p活性 ,并与 89例健康对照组比较。　 结果　UAP组的PAI 1的水平 (99.77± 3 2 .95 ) μg·L-1较对照组 (5 5 .0 0± 2 1.2 3 ) μg·L-1明显升高 (P <0 .0 1) ;而CD62p活性 (12 .5 6± 4.66) %较对照组 (6.3 3± 2 .3 8) %也有显著升高 (P <0 .0 1)。　 结论 　老年不稳定型心绞痛的发作与PAI 1水平和血小板活性增高有密切联系。     

血小板膜及血清中P-选择素与冠心病的相关性研究

目的 观察冠心病患者血小板膜P-选择素（P-Selectin,又称为CD62P）的表达率及血清CD62P的水平,分析它们的临床意义、影响因素。方法 采用间接免疫荧光流式细胞术和双抗夹心酶联免疫测定法分别检测30例急性冠脉综合征患者、20例稳定型心绞痛患者和25例正常对照者（经冠状动脉造影检查提示冠状动脉正常）血小板膜CD62P表达率和血清CD62P水平。结果 1、急性冠脉综合征组血小板膜CD62P表达率显着高于稳定型心绞痛组[（17.19±8.05）％ vs（13.09±6.25）％,（P<0.05）],并显着高于对照组[（17.19±8.05）％ vs（10.83±5.76）％,（P<0.05）],稳定型心绞痛组和对照组之间无明显统计学差异 (P>0.05)。2、急性冠脉综合征组血清CD62P的水平显着高于稳定型心绞痛组[（43.98±14.71）ng/ml vs（36.14±13.42）ng/ml,（P<0.05）],并显着高于对照组[（43.98±14.71）ng/ml vs（33.34±11.05）ng/ml,（P<0.05）],SA组和对照组之间无明显统计学差异(P>0.05)。3、冠心病患者血小板膜CD62P表达率与血清CD62P水平有显着的正相关（r=0.295,P＝0.017）。结论 CD62P作为动脉粥样硬化斑块不稳定的一个重要标志,参与急性冠脉综合征的发生、发展,测定血清CD62P浓度可评估体内血小板活化及内皮损伤程度,可以反映整个机体的CD62P水平（包括可溶性CD62P和跨膜CD62P）。     

冠心病患者血小板膜糖蛋白CD_(62P)表达和血粘度的临床研究

目的　探讨血小板膜糖蛋白CD62P表达及血粘度与冠心病的关系。方法　 82例冠心病患者分为A组 :稳定型心绞痛 2 6例 ;B组 :不稳定型心绞痛 2 8例 ;C组 :急性心肌梗死 2 8例 ,并选健康人 2 8例为D组。分别利用流式细胞仪技术测定CD62P活性及血液流变学指标。结果A组、B组、C组和D组的CD62P阳性表达分别为 3 6 2± 1 2 4 %、5 2 6± 1 4 9%、6 0 8± 1 75 %和 2 4 6± 0 81%。A、B、C组与健康人D组比较 ,有显著性差异(P <0 0 5 )。血浆粘度分别为 1 31± 0 30、1 6 4± 0 2 2、2 19± 0 35及 1 30± 0 18mPa .s。B、C组与对照组相比差异显著 (P <0 0 5 )。CD62P与血浆粘度和纤维蛋白原浓度呈正相关 (r =0 872 ,P <0 0 5 ;r =0 793,P <0 0 5 )。结论　CD62P及血浆粘度均可能成为判断冠心病患者病情进展程度的良好指标。     

糖尿病并血管病变患者血小板膜糖蛋白CD62p、CD63的表达及血小板四参数的研究

目的 :探讨血小板膜糖蛋白CD62p、CD63的表达及血小板四参数与糖尿病并血管病变患者的关系。　　方法 :采用流式细胞术测定 42例 2型糖尿病并发血管性疾病患者 (糖尿病伴血管病变组 )血小板膜糖蛋白CD62p、CD63的表达 ,同时用自动血细胞计数仪对其进行血小板四参数的测定 ,并与 50例糖尿病不伴血管病变组和 46例正常对照组比较。　　结果 :糖尿病伴血管病变组CD62p (11 64± 3 79) %、CD63 (15 73± 4 2 2 ) %的表达和血小板平均体积 (11 85± 2 3 1)fl等 3指标与正常对照组CD62p (2 2 7± 2 11) % ,CD63 (6 83± 2 85) % ,血小板平均体积 (10 72± 1 63 )fl比较均显著性增高(P值分别为 <0 0 0 1,<0 0 0 1和 <0 0 1) ,血小板计数、血小板压积和血小板分布宽度在两组间差异无统计学意义 (P >0 0 5) ;与不伴血管病变组比较 ,CD62p (10 0 1± 3 65) %和CD63 (14 0 2± 3 87) %也显著性增高 (P <0 0 5) ,血小板平均体积、血小板计数、血小板压积和血小板分布宽度在两组间差异无统计学意义 (P >0 0 5)。结论 :2型糖尿病患者血小板大量活化及其体积的改变促进了血管病变的发生和发展     

红花液对老年病人冠脉介入术后血小板活化的干预

目的　观察老年病人冠脉介入术后血小板活化指标CD62p、CD63 、CD41、CD61的改变 ,并评价红花注射液对冠脉介入术后病人血小板活化状态的影响。方法　 2 0 0 1- 0 8～ 2 0 0 4 - 0 4深圳市人民医院 4 5例急性冠脉综合征病人被分为红花治疗组 (30例 )和对照组 (15例 ) ,两组病例在冠脉介入术后次日检测血小板活化指标CD62p、CD63 、CD41、CD61,红花治疗组病人给予红花注射液静脉滴注 ,每日剂量 15～ 2 0mL静脉内滴入 ,疗程共 10～ 14d。疗程结束后两组均复查血小板活化指标CD62p、CD63 、CD41、CD61,并进行治疗前后比较及两组间的比较。结果　经红花注射液治疗后 ,病人的血小板活化指标CD62p、CD63 较治疗前明显下降 ,P <0 0 1,P <0 0 5 ;CD41、CD61较治疗前无明显差异 ,P >0 0 5。红花液治疗后病人血小板活化指标CD62p较常规治疗组明显下降 ,P <0 0 5。结论　红花注射液具有抑制血小板活化的作用 ,在预防和治疗血栓性疾病中有一定的临床价值 ,临床上可用于冠脉介入术后预防和治疗冠脉内的血栓形成。     

冠状动脉支架术对冠心病患者血小板活化功能的影响

目的探讨冠心病患者行冠状动脉内支架置入术前后血小板活化指标的变化,了解冠心病不同临床类型支架置入数与血小板活化指标之间的关系。方法利用流式细胞术和单克隆抗体测定48例稳定型心绞痛、45例不稳定型心绞痛患者与37例急性心肌梗死患者外周血中血小板膜糖蛋白CD62p、CD63和凝血酶敏感蛋白的阳性表达率,并与45例冠状动脉造影正常者作对照分析。结果稳定型心绞痛患者、不稳定型心绞痛患者和急性心肌梗死患者支架置入后CD62p、CD63和凝血酶敏感蛋白的阳性表达率均显著高于支架置入前(P<0.01);不稳定型心绞痛组和急性心肌梗死组治疗前亦高于对照组(P<0.01),而稳定型心绞痛组治疗前与对照组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。稳定型心绞痛组和不稳定型心绞痛组CD62p、CD63和凝血酶敏感蛋白的阳性表达率与支架置入个数有关,置入支架越多阳性表达率越高。结论不稳定型心绞痛患者及急性心肌梗死患者存在血小板高活化状态、动脉粥样硬化斑块破裂以及急性血栓形成。支架置入术对冠状动脉内皮的损伤加强了血小板的活化,增加了血栓形成的风险。     

流式细胞术对冠心病患者血小板表面活化标志蛋白的研究

目的 :探讨流式细胞术 (FCM)测定的血小板活化指标与冠心病 (CHD)的关系。方法 :利用 FCM和单克隆抗体测定 31例稳定型心绞痛 (SAP组 )、65例不稳定型心绞痛 (UAP组 )和 2 5例急性心肌梗死 (AMI组 )患者的外周血中血小板糖蛋白 CD62 P、CD63和凝血酶敏感蛋白 (TSP)的阳性表达率 ,并与 39例正常人作对照。结果 :FCM可简单、迅速地检测血小板的活化功能 ,CHD患者 CD62 P、CD63和 TSP的阳性表达率均显著高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5)。在 CHD患者中 ,UAP组和AMI组的 CD62 P、CD63和 TSP的表达率均显著高于 SAP组 (P <0 .0 5) ,AMI组又高于 UAP组。结论 :CHD患者血小板活化是导致血小板功能亢进的原因 ,并参与了 CHD尤其是 UAP和AMI的病理过程 ;FCM是测定血小板活化功能既准确又可靠的方法之一。     

氯吡格雷联合阿司匹林对老年不稳定型心绞痛患者血小板活化的临床干预研究

目的通过观察氯吡格雷联合阿司匹林对老年不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)患者血小板活化的影响,探讨其临床意义。方法应用流式细胞仪,分别对老年UAP患者与健康老年人血小板活化标记物CD62p、CD63进行检测,同时动态观察UAP患者应用氯吡格雷联合阿司匹林治疗前后CD62p、CD63水平的变化。结果UAP患者CD62p、CD63水平高于正常对照组;氯吡格雷联合阿司匹林治疗后,UAP患者CD62p、CD63水平较单用阿司匹林明显降低,而不影响血小板体积(MPV)和血小板计数(PLT)。结论老年UAP患者血小板活化水平升高,氯吡格雷联合阿司匹林可使血小板活化受到更为明显的抑制。     

老年急性冠脉综合征患者血浆P选择素、糖蛋白/Ⅲa、纤维蛋白原和高敏C反应蛋白的变化及临床意义

目的 观察老年急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者血浆血小板活化指标P选择素(CD62p)、糖蛋白(GP)Ⅱb/Ⅲa、纤维蛋白原(FIB-C)和血管内炎症指标高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)的变化及其临床意义.方法 100例ACS患者晨起空腹抽肘静脉血用流式细胞仪检测定血清CD62p和GPⅡb/Ⅲa受体复合物的表达水平;用散射比浊法测定血浆FIB-C的水平;用乳胶免疫增强比浊法试剂盒测定血清hs-CRP的水平.选择健康体检者40例和稳定型心绞痛(SAP)患者50例进行对照.结果 ACS患者中不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)组血浆CD62p、GPⅡb/Ⅲa、 FIB-C和hs-CRP的表达水平均明显高于健康对照组(均P<0.01)和SAP组(P<0.05);急性心肌梗死(AMI)组明显高于UAP组(P<0.05).冠脉病变程度不同上述指标也有所不同,急性闭塞组(AMI组)高于UAP组的三支病变组(均P<0.05),三支病变组高于双支病变组(均P<0.05),双支病变组较单支病变组也明显增高(P<0.05).ACS合并糖尿病或糖耐量异常的患者血清CD62p、GPⅡb/Ⅲa、 FIB-C和hs-CRP水平均明显高于血糖正常的ACS组(P<0.05,P<0.01),且血小板活化程度和炎症因子的表达水平呈正相关.结论 老年ACS患者CD62P、GPⅡb/Ⅲa、FiB-C及hs-CRP的浓度明显升高,且与冠心病类型和冠脉病变程度以及血糖水平有关系.高血糖状态可以激活血小板活化因子和炎症反应因子.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者血小板活化的研究

目的　探讨阻寒性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者体内血小板的活化状态。方法　用流式细胞仪检测 30例OSAS患者和 30例正常对照者外周血小板的α颗粒膜糖蛋白 - 14 0 (CD6 2P)、血小板质膜表面糖蛋白GpⅡb/GPⅢa复合物(CD4 1/CD6 1)的表达。结果　中、重度OSAS患者的CD6 2p和CD4 1/CD6 1表达阳性率 [( 7 77±12 0 5) %、( 3 4 5± 9 4 9) % ]和平均荧光强度 [( 5 4 9± 6 94 ) %、( 4 56± 10 0 2 ) % ]均明显高于正常对照组 [( 4 32± 5 6 9) %、( 0 4 2± 0 18) %、( 3 98±5 18) %和 ( 2 4 4± 0 4 9) % ]P <0 0 0 5。结论　中、重度OSAS患者存在明显的血小板活化 ,这可能是OSAS患者发生心脑血管并发症的机制之一。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.