THE LANCET

LANCET的中文译意为“柳叶刀”——一种外科手术刀。实际上国内医学界多不采用中文译名,而是直接应用原文名称《Lancet》。它是一本历史悠久、科学性强、版面严肃的综合性医学期刊。它于1823年创刊于英国伦敦,至今已出版了158年。目前仍是每周出刊一期,每年上半年为第Ⅰ卷,下半年     

THE SUPPLEMENTARY RELATIONS BETWEEN THE PROTEINS OF MOTTLED GRAM BEAN AND CERTAIN OTHER CEREALS

It has been well understood that a mixture of vegetable and animal proteins is of higher quality than the former alone,and also there are some remarkable instances of effective supplementing between the proteins of certain cereals and certain legume seeds[1].In practice,it is very valuable for the selection of human diets and farm-animal relations.This question is especially important in China where the protein of the average diet are mainly of vegetable origin,in which about83percent are deri…     

THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIRTH DEFECTS AND DISABILITIES IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD MANIFESTO

IN SEPTEMBER 2000, AT THE DAWN OF THE THIRD MILLENNIUM, THE 191 UNITED NATIONS MEMBER STATES UNANIMOUSLY ADOPTED THE UNITED NATIONS MILLENNIUM DECLARATION, WHICH ESTABLISHED TARGETS FOR REDUCTIONS IN POVERTY, PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT, AND IMPROVEMENTS IN HEALTH AND EDUCATION. MEMBERS PLEDGED TO MEET EIGHT MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS, PREPARED AS A ROADMAP FOR IMPLEMENTING THIS DECLARATION, BY 2015.     

UP THE AIR，在云端

乔治·克鲁尼饰演的是一名叫瑞恩·宾厄姆的公司裁员专家,在目前世界经济普遍不景气的情况下,他的工作就是飞来飞去为世界各地的公司去解决裁员问题。生活的内容单调而灰白,常常是刚落地又起飞奔赴下一个目的地。     

BRIGHT STARS IN THE SKY?

ABSTRACT: Actions to improve the health of people in rural and remote areas are supported by people's ability as individuals and as a community to take part actively in the design, management and evaluation of their own health services. To do this successfully, people need information about their health, resources to support their actions and political support or legitimacy. This article focuses on the third requirement. At the beginning of 2000, there seems to be strong political interest in improving the status of rural communities and rural services overall, including rural health and health services. The constellation of events that contribute to this encouraging state of affairs includes the Regional Australia Summit that was held in October 1999, the existence of a strategic framework for rural health that was agreed on by all health jurisdictions ( Healthy Horizons ), improved clarity about the relative state of health and health service utilisation in rural and remote areas, and the Prime Minister's recent commitment to improve rural services. The next major national opportunity to convert these positive signs into action comes with the Federal Budget in May 2000, the content of which will be closely watched by people concerned about improving health in country areas.     

THE INFLUENCE OF THE PERCEIVED QUALITY OF COMMUNITY ENVIRONMENTS ON LOW-INCOME WOMEN’S EFFORTS TO WALK MORE

There is increasing interest in how the quality of community environments influences health. We present the results of a pilot study designed to encourage overweight and obese low-income women to increase their level of physical activity, and explore the factors that either support or constrain their walking. The findings suggest that even relatively small increases in lifestyle physical activity among overweight or obese low-income women (an increase in 2,000 steps per day) can lead to significant weight loss. The interviews we carried out with study participants suggest there are several ways in which the perceived quality of community environments affects low-income women’s efforts to increase their steps. Having friends and family living within walking distance was supportive of participant’s efforts, in some cases because their homes represented places to walk to, and in others because in addition, friends and family were walking companions. The perceived lack of safety participants reported as a constraint to walking reflected in some cases the fear of being assaulted or harassed, and in others the fear that passers-by would not stop to help if needed. Our findings point to the importance of including community-level interventions that address residents’ safety and security concerns, along with future efforts to increase physical activity and decrease obesity among low-socioeconomic status groups.Rebecca Miles, PhD is Associate Professor, Florida State University; Lynn Panton, PhD, FACSM is Assistant Professor, Florida State University     

THE GROWTH OF SPANISH‐LANGUAGE AND LATINO‐THEMED TELEVISION PROGRAMS FOR CHILDREN IN THE UNITED STATES

Drawing on Hannah Hamad's concept of postfeminist masculinity, this article analyzes how the animated films Chicken Little (Disney, 2005) and Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs (Sony, 2009) construct postfeminist fatherhood in opposition to two traditional stereotypes: the emotionally distant authoritarian and the bumbling pal. In contrast to films from the 1980s and 1990s, in which sons struggle to live up to their fathers’ expectations, these films demand a change in paternal attitudes, requiring fathers to adapt to their sons’ needs instead. The article argues that the films offer a didactic message to fathers as well as sons, which suggests that in postfeminist fatherhood older parenting models are no longer viable, and a new culture of fatherhood is needed, which may offer a way of challenging hegemonic masculinity.     

THE OH‐SO STRAIGHT AND NARROW PATH: CAN THE HEALTH CARE EXPENDITURE CURVE BE BENT?

Although there is much talk about whether or not the current health care reform will 'bend' the health care expenditure 'curve', exactly which 'curve' is to be 'bent' is often ill-specified. This essay notes that the 'curve' defined by the log of US national health care expenditures per capita plotted against the log of the US gross domestic product per capita has been remarkably straight since 1929 despite Medicare and Medicaid and all of the more recent reform attempts. After establishing stationarity and considering cointegration and endogeneity, the slope of this log-log relationship suggests a per capita expenditure-income elasticity of 1.388. The authors suggest two explanatory hypotheses consistent with the observed constant slope. First, many new technologies are endogenous because their introduction is determined by their expected market, which is in turn dependent on GDP per capita. Second, the authors emphasize the potential utility gained by spending disproportionately larger proportions of our growing income on hope, uncertainty-reducing information, and consumer amenities, all of which may be independent of any improved health outcome.     

IS THE MEDICAL LOSS RATIO A GOOD TARGET MEASURE FOR REGULATION IN THE INDIVIDUAL MARKET FOR HEALTH INSURANCE?

Effective January 1, 2011, individual market health insurers must meet a minimum medical loss ratio (MLR) of 80%. This law aims to encourage ‘productive’ forms of competition by increasing the proportion of premium dollars spent on clinical benefits. To date, very little is known about the performance of firms in the individual health insurance market, including how MLRs are related to insurer and market characteristics. The MLR comprises one component of the price–cost margin, a traditional gauge of market power; the other component is percent of premiums spent on administrative expenses. We use data from the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (2001–2009) to evaluate whether the MLR is a good target measure for regulation by comparing the two components of the price–cost margin between markets that are more competitive versus those that are not, accounting for firm and market characteristics. We find that insurers with monopoly power have lower MLRs. Moreover, we find no evidence suggesting that insurers' administrative expenses are lower in more concentrated insurance markets. Thus, our results are largely consistent with the interpretation that the MLR could serve as a target measure of market power in regulating the individual market for health insurance but with notable limited ability to capture product and firm heterogeneity. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

DISCUSSION ON ADVANCES IN THE TREATMENT OF UR?MIA

Uræmia is common, little is known of its actual nature and treatment has therefore been unsatisfactory. The kidney is not only an organ of excretion but guards the chemical and physical constitution of the extracellular fluids.In uræmia, urea and other products of metabolism including the toxic phenols accumulate. That the physical and chemical composition of the extracellular fluids, excluding protein, can be influenced by contact across a semi-permeable membrane is the basic concept of the treatment of uræmia by dialysis, whether by means of the artificial kidney or by peritoneal lavage.The principles of treatment of uræmia are: (1) To remove the cause. (2) Reduce the load on the kidney. (3) Assist or take over the function of the failing kidney in the hope that it may recover. (4) To relieve symptoms without thereby prejudicing recovery.Dialysis can be effected by peritoneal lavage or by conducting the circulating blood through a tube of semi-permeable membrane. The composition of the dialysing fluid is of the utmost importance the aim being to keep the physical and chemical balance of the extracellular fluid within the normal range and to encourage the diffusion of toxic metabolic products. The excessive use of parenteral fluids and diuretics in uræmia may be harmful. A number of cases of peritoneal dialysis are described.     

苏维妮 HELLO FOX系列ON THE GO餐勺套装

正针对宝宝外出就餐的完美创意!餐勺的独特设计,符合人体工学,让宝宝易于掌握;围兜夹魔术般的让餐巾纸或口水巾轻松变身临时围兜;其柔软的硅胶材质更好保护宝宝娇嫩的肌肤不受伤害。宝宝外出就餐好帮手!妈妈:张荣荣咸阳宝宝:2岁苏维妮是西班牙大品牌,所用的材质对于小宝宝来说非常放心!套装主要包含一个餐勺、一个魔术围兜夹和一个餐勺盒。平时儿子在家里吃饭穿的护衣外出不方便带,这时魔术围兜夹就派上用场了。无论是纸巾还是口水巾都能在它的配合下轻松变成临时围兜,解决了宝宝外出就餐的不便。儿子拿到勺子后就爱不释手了!苏