Oswestry功能障碍指数评定慢性腰痛患者的效度分析

目的:探讨中文版Oswestry功能障碍指数(CODI)的效度,为临床应用提供客观依据。方法:107例慢性腰痛患者参加测试,患者根据自己情况独立完成CODI、视觉模拟评分法(VAS)和健康状况调查问卷(SF-36)3个量表。应用因子分析对CODI进行分析来检验其结构效度;应用Person相关分析计算CODI每一条目与所属领域和其他领域的相关系数来检验其内容效度和区分效度;比较CODI和VAS、CODI和SF-36的Person相关系数来检验其同期效度。结果:患者对CODI的条目8回答率较低(32.7%),没有纳入统计分析。CODI的9个条目提取出3个公因子,累计方差贡献率为76.3%;每一条目与所属领域的相关系数r=0.78—0.89(P0.05),且每一条目与所属领域的相关系数均高于该条目与其他领域的相关系数;CODI的三大领域得分和VAS评分的相关系数分别为r=0.88,0.81,0.76(P0.05);CODI的三大领域得分与SF-36各项目分值相关性r=-0.36—-0.87(P0.05)。结论:CODI具有良好的结构效度、内容效度、区分效度和同期效度,可用于慢性腰痛患者的临床评定。     

The effects of a back rehabilitation programme for patients with chronic low back pain

AIM: The aim of this paper was to perform a pragmatic before-after analysis of a back rehabilitation programme (BRP) for patients with chronic low back pain (LBP). A total of 877 patients were recruited onto the BRP, which were carried out at four centres within the Wrightington, Wigan and Leigh NHS Trust. The BRP consisted of nine 2-hour group sessions of therapy run over 5 weeks and included 1 hour of exercise and 1 hour of education, advice problem solving and goal setting. METHOD: Using the Wilcoxen signed rank tests and paired t-tests levels of pain, disability, anxiety and depression were significantly reduced pre-post programme (P < 0.001). In addition, the levels of fitness and perceived control improved significantly (P < 0.001) suggesting that participants were better able to manage their LBP. CONCLUSION: Overall, the BRP proved to be effective in reducing pain, disability, anxiety and depression levels for people with chronic LBP. However, despite significant improvements in outcome measures only 50% of the patients completed the BRP and questionnaires post BRP. The implications of the findings are discussed with respect to modified programmes and alternative management for patients within different subgroups of LBP.     

Assessing self-reported disability in a low-literate population with chronic low back pain: cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric testing of Igbo Roland Morris disability questionnaire

Purpose: Cross-culturally adapt and validate the Igbo Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire.

Method: Cross-cultural adaptation, test–retest, and cross-sectional psychometric testing. Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire was forward and back translated by clinical/non-clinical translators. An expert committee appraised the translations. Twelve participants with chronic low back pain pre-tested the measure in a rural Nigerian community. Internal consistency using Cronbach’s alpha; test–retest reliability using intra-class correlation coefficient and Bland–Altman plot; and minimal detectable change were investigated in a convenient sample of 50 people with chronic low back pain in rural and urban Nigeria. Pearson’s correlation analyses using the eleven-point box scale and back performance scale, and exploratory factor analysis were used to examine construct validity in a random sample of 200 adults with chronic low back pain in rural Nigeria. Ceiling and floor effects were investigated in the two samples.

Results: Modifications gave the option of interviewer-administration and reflected Nigerian social context. The measure had excellent internal consistency (α?=?0.91) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC =0.84), moderately high correlations (r?>?0.6) with performance-based disability and pain intensity, and a predominant uni-dimensional structure, with no ceiling or floor effects.

Conclusions: Igbo Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire is a valid and reliable measure of pain-related disability.

• Implications for rehabilitation

• Low back pain is the leading cause of years lived with disability worldwide, and is particularly prevalent in rural Nigeria, but there are no self-report measures to assess its impact due to low literacy rates. This study describes the cross-cultural adaptation and validation of a core self-report back pain specific disability measure in a low-literate Nigerian population.

• The Igbo Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire is a reliable and valid measure of self-reported disability in Igbo populations as indicated by excellent internal consistency (α?=?0.91) and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC =0.84), moderately high correlations (r?>?0.6) with performance-based disability and pain intensity that supports a pain-related disability construct, a predominant one factor structure with no ceiling or floor effects.

• The measure will be useful for researchers and clinicians examining the factors associated with low back pain disability or the effects of interventions on low back pain disability in this culture. This measure will support global health initiatives concurrently involving people from several cultures or countries, and may inform cross-cultural disability research in other populations.

     

Differences in activity‐related behaviour among patients with chronic low back pain

The aim of the present study was to compare the subjectively reported and objectively assessed activity‐related characteristics of patients with Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP) who were classified according to their scores on the Patterns of Activity Measure‐Pain (POAM‐P) into avoiders, persisters, mixed performers (i.e. high scores on both avoidance and persistence behaviour) or functional performers (i.e. low scores on avoidance and persistence behaviour). Patients carried an electronic diary during 14 days to assess the self‐reported activity and pain intensity levels in daily life. An accelerometer was used to objectively assess their activity level during the same time period. Results were available for 79 patients. Avoiders, persisters and mixed performers showed a higher level of self‐reported disability than functional performers. Avoiders were characterized by a low level of self‐reported habitual activities and persisters by long objectively measured daily uptime. The objectively assessed level of physical activity did not differ between the four groups. A further analysis tested the association between pain intensity levels and self‐reported and objectively assessed daily life activity levels in avoiders and persisters. In persisters, a higher level of self‐reported activities in daily life was related to increased pain. The objectively assessed activity level was not associated with pain intensity.     

The Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia: further examination of psychometric properties in patients with chronic low back pain and fibromyalgia.

The present study attempted to replicate the robustness of a two-factor model of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK) in chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients and fibromyalgia patients, by means of confirmatory factor analysis. Construct and predictive validity of the TSK subscales were also examined. Results clearly indicated that a two-factor model fitted best in both pain samples. These two factors were labelled somatic focus, which reflects the belief in underlying and serious medical problems, and activity avoidance, which reflects the belief that activity may result in (re)injury or increased pain. Construct validity of the TSK and its subscales was supported by moderate correlation coefficients with self-report measures of pain-related fear, pain catastrophising, and disability, predominantly in patients with CLBP. Predictive validity was supported by moderate correlation coefficients with performance on physical performance tests (i.e., lifting tasks, bicycle task) mainly in CLBP patients. Implications of the results are discussed and directions for future research are provided.     

Analyzing chronic low back pain: the relative contribution of pain coping strategies

Sixty-two chronic low back pain patients were administered the Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CSQ) to assess the frequency of use and perceived effectiveness of a variety of cognitive and behavioral pain coping strategies. Analysis of individual variables revealed that CSQ factors, gender, physical examination findings, and chronicity of pain had significant effects on one or more of a series of pain, psychological distress or behavioral measures. To assess the relative contribution of each of these variables hierarchical stepwise regression analyses were carried out. These analyses revealed that the Helplessness factor of the CSQ explained 50% of the variance in psychological distress (Global Severity Index of the SCL-90R), and 46% of the variance in depression (Beck Depression Inventory). Patients scoring high on this CSQ factor had significantly higher levels of psychological distress. None of the demographic or medical status variables explained a significant proportion of variance in the psychological distress measures. The Diverting Attention and Praying factor of the CSQ explained a moderate (9%), but significant amount of variance in pain report. Patients scoring high on this factor had higher scores on the McGill Pain Questionnaire. Coping strategies were not strongly related to pain behavior measures such as guarding or uptime. A consideration of pain coping strategies may allow one to design pain coping skills training interventions so as to fit the needs of the individual low back pain patient.     

Effects of Qigong practice in office workers with chronic non-specific low back pain: A randomized control trial

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Qigong practice, Guan Yin Zi Zai Gong level 1, compared with a waiting list control group among office workers with chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNLBP).MethodsA randomized controlled trial was conducted at offices in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region. Seventy-two office workers with CNLBP were screened for inclusion/exclusion criteria (age 20–40 years; sitting period more than 4 h per day) and were allocated randomly into two groups: the Qigong and waiting list groups (n = 36 each). The participants in the Qigong group took a Qigong practice class (Guan Yin Zi Zai Gong level 1) for one hour per week for six weeks at their workstation. The participants were encouraged to conduct the Qigong exercise at home every day. The waiting list group received general advice regarding low back pain management. The primary outcomes were pain intensity, measured by the visual analog scale, and back functional disability, measured by the Roland and Morris Disability Questionnaire. The secondary outcomes were back range of motion, core stability performance index, heart rate, respiratory rate, the Srithanya Stress Scale (ST-5), and the global perceived effect (GPE) questionnaire.ResultsCompared to the baseline, participants in the Qigong group experienced significantly decreased pain intensity and back functional disability. No statistically significant difference in these parameters was found in the waiting list group. Comparing the two groups, Qigong exercise significantly improved pain intensity, back functional impairment, range of motion, core muscle strength, heart rate, respiratory rate, and mental status. The Qigong group also had a significantly higher global outcome satisfaction than the waiting list group.ConclusionQigong practice is an option for treatment of CNLBP in office workers.     

视动力刺激对下背痛患者姿势控制的影响

目的:研究下背痛患者站于不同支撑面接受视动力刺激时的姿势控制特征,为进一步认识下背痛和丰富治疗方案提供新的理论和证据。方法:选取13例25—40岁的慢性非特异性下背痛患者为实验组,年龄、性别一致的13例健康人作为对照组。测试者站于由随机运动点构成的投影屏幕前,点的运动分为向前汇聚(-)和向后扩散(+)两种,点移动速度有80°/s,40°/s和20°/s3种。视觉刺激采用刺激—间歇的间断刺激模式,并使用压力平衡板记录每位受试者在平板和软垫两种支撑面上接受视觉刺激时,双侧足底压力中心(COP)的移动情况,包括Y轴峰值移动速度、不同阶段移动幅度标准差(SD)和X轴移动轨迹总长度。结果:与对照组相比,站于稳定平面时,实验组COP各项参数的变化没有显著性差异(P>0.05);而站于不稳定平面上,只有接受+40°/s的视觉刺激时,实验组休息中期标准差(SD)值为(3.74±1.22),对照组为(2.83±0.75),两组有显著性差异(P<0.05);此外,接受同样刺激时,两组站于不稳平面时COP的各项参数均显著高于稳定平面(P<0.001)。结论:下背痛患者在任务环境更复杂时,对视觉信息,特别是向后的信息,依赖程度增加,姿势调整效率的降低,提示对下背痛患者异常运动模式的治疗需要考虑任务环境因素。     

A clinical contrast: physical therapists with low back pain treating patients with low back pain

Abstract

Patients with low back pain (LBP) often display faulty beliefs and cognitions regarding their pain experience. Pain neuroscience education (PNE) aims to alter the pain experience by targeting these faulty beliefs and cognitions. One PNE strategy aims specifically to reframe commonly held beliefs about tissues by patients with LBP as the single source of pain. In line with this reasoning, it is hypothesized that physical therapists (PT) treating patients with LBP may indeed experience similar, if not worse, pain experiences while treating a patient with LBP. To date, this assumption has never been studied. A PT LBP questionnaire was developed, validated and distributed to a convenience sample of attendees of an international PT conference. One-hundred and ten PTs completed the questionnaire for a 71% response rate. Ninety percent of the PTs reported having experienced LBP, with 27% at the conference experiencing LBP at the time. Of the PTs that have experienced LBP 75% reported not having received any imaging; 81% no formal diagnoses, 58% no treatment and 86% not having missed work due to LBP. Eighty-six percent of therapists reported having experienced LBP while treating a patient with LBP, with 50% convinced their LBP was higher than the LBP experienced by the patient they were treating. The results from this study indicate PTs often treat patients with LBP while suffering LBP. It is suggested that this knowledge may potentially help patients with LBP reconceptualize their LBP experience leading to expedited recovery.     

Are childhood adversities relevant in patients with chronic low back pain?

Previous studies have found a high number of childhood adversities in patients with chronic low back pain, particularly in patients reporting persisting problems after back surgery. Our aim was to reproduce these results.Within the framework of a comprehensive diagnostic assessment and psychometric evaluation, 109 inpatients who had been treated for low back pain were examined in the orthopedics department of a German university hospital. Five risk factors investigated by Schofferman and his staff (Schofferman et al., 1993) were re-assessed in all of our patients using a structured biographical interview. The German chronic low back pain group was also compared with an age- and gender-matched control group of 109 non-chronic pain patients with respect to these childhood adversities and additional ones.Only approximately 11% of the German chronic low back pain sample demonstrated three or more risk factors, compared with more than 50% in Schofferman's sample, and 47.7% showed none of the five risk factors, compared to only 11% in the Schofferman sample. Moreover, no significant differences in distribution either in terms of the individual risk factors or their cumulative frequency were found in the German chronic low back pain group compared with an age and gender-matched control group without chronic pain.Childhood adversities do not occur frequently in a non-selected group of patients with chronic low back pain. Earlier results showing an increased likelihood of the occurrence of psychosocial risk factors could not be confirmed. As a consequence, further psychic or psychosomatic diagnostics of patients with chronic low back pain are needed to define diagnostic subgroups.     

Electromyography-biofeedback for chronic low back pain: A qualitative cohort study

Background and AimsSurface electromyography-biofeedback (sEMG-BF) may reduce the burden of CLBP by improving physical functioning, sleep, pain catastrophizing, anxiety, and depression. This qualitative study investigated the impact of weekly EMG-BF sessions on adults with CLBP.MethodsTwenty-six individuals with CLBP participated in telephone interviews after completing an 8-week virtual sEMG-BF intervention. Trained interviewers conducted the 10-to-15-minute semi-structured interviews to understand participants’ experience with the intervention. Common themes and subthemes were identified and analyzed using MAXQDA 2022 software.ResultsParticipants were predominantly middle-aged females (M = 45, range of 19 – 66) who have had exposure to utilizing conventional therapies such as physical therapy, chiropractor, and massage for the treatment of CLBP. This study focused on participants who reported their experience of the main outcome study which included perceived reductions in CLBP symptoms, including pain and stress, and positive effects on self-awareness and sleep. Three overarching themes emerged and were further divided into subthemes: participants’ involvement (virtual experience, accessibility of device, and future recommendations) perceived benefits (participants gained awareness, recommendations for future treatment, met expectations, and implementation), and desire for flexibility (obstacles and COVID-19 Impact). No adverse effects were reported by any of the participants within the study.ConclusionsBoth physical and psychological improvements were reported by participants following an sEMG-BF intervention. Specific implementation procedures and critical barriers were identified. In particular, the ability to receive care for CLBP during the COVID-19 pandemic was important to participants.     

中文版Oswestry功能障碍指数评定慢性腰痛患者的反应度研究

目的:探讨中文版Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评定慢性腰痛患者的反应度,为临床应用提供客观依据。方法:87例慢性腰痛患者参与了本研究,患者根据自己情况独立完成ODI、视觉模拟评分法(VAS)和日本骨科学会(JOA)下腰痛评分3个量表。每一种量表评定2次,分别在治疗前和治疗后2周。应用配对t检验比较患者治疗前后的ODI总分和各领域评分;应用效应大小(ES)和标准化反应均数(SRM)来比较3个量表的内部反应度;应用Spearman相关系数来检验ODI总分的变化值与患者自我疗效评估得分的相关性,分析ODI的外部反应度。结果:患者治疗前后的ODI总分和各领域评分比较,两者间差异均有显著性意义(P0.01);ODI的ES=1.63,SRM=1.46;ODI总分的变化值与患者自我疗效评估得分的Spearman相关系数为0.68(P0.01)。结论:中文版ODI评定慢性腰痛患者具有良好的反应度。     

慢性腰痛患者功能障碍与生存质量的研究

目的:探讨慢性腰痛(CLBP)患者功能障碍与生存质量(QOL)的关系。方法:选取CLBP患者60例(男22例,女38例),分别采用目测类比定级法(VAS)、Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)、日本骨科学会(JOA)腰痛评估表及健康状况调查问卷(SF-36)评定患者的疼痛程度、功能状况及QOL。结果:男性CLBP患者总体健康(GH)和心理健康(MH)评分明显高于女性(P0.05)。SF-36及其中躯体功能(PF)、生理职能(RP)、躯体疼痛(BP)、患者自控镇静(PCS)项的评分与VAS和ODI评分呈负相关(P0.05),与JOA评分呈正相关(P0.05)。GH、活力(VT)、社会功能(SF)及精神健康总评(MCS)项的评分与ODI评分呈负相关(P0.05),与JOA评分呈正相关(P0.05)。结论:腰痛及功能障碍在一定程度上影响CLBP患者的QOL,应加以干预,使其能够正确对待疾病,提高QOL。     

The treatment effect of exercise programmes for chronic low back pain

Rationale This paper summarizes evidence of long‐term effectiveness of physiotherapy exercise therapy for chronic low back pain (LBP). Methods A literature search was undertaken for experimental studies (2001–2007), which reported any post‐intervention (follow‐up) outcomes. Studies were critically appraised using the PEDro instrument. Comparative statistics were calculated, relative to the type of follow‐up outcome data. Results Fifteen moderate quality trials were included [mean PEDro score 7.7, SD 1.3 (range 5–10)]. Nine trials reported pain scales, and six reported LBP reoccurrence. Trials which reported on pain scales at 6‐month follow‐up found significant differences in favour of exercise [standardized mean differences ?0.57, 95%CI ?0.75 to ?0.39 (555 participants)]. At 12‐month follow‐up, a small pain scale benefit from exercise persisted [standardized mean differences ?0.25, 95%CI ?0.44 to 0.06 (434 participants)]. There was unconvincing evidence of exercise effectiveness on pain scales after this time. Three of the four trials which reported dichotomous outcomes at 6‐month follow‐up demonstrated large clinical benefits of exercise (relative risk reduction of reoccurrence 45–246%, absolute risk reduction of reoccurrence 36–42 for every 100 patients; and number needed to treat approximating 3, to prevent one patient suffering a LBP recurrence). The effect of exercise on LBP reoccurrence was variably reported beyond 6 months. Conclusion Exercise programmes are effective for chronic LBP up to 6 months after treatment cessation, evidenced by pain score reduction and reoccurrence rates. The way in which follow‐up data are reported assists clinical interpretation of research findings.     

The relationship between self-efficacy and disability in chronic low back pain patients

This study examined the reliability of an adapted version of the Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale in a sample of 59 chronic low back pain patients. The present study also investigated the relationship between self-efficacy and measures of disability. Regression analyses indicated a significant negative relationship between self-efficacy and low back pain disability. That is, patients who report higher levels of self-efficacy have higher activity levels (R ²=0.34,P<0.01), work more hours (R ²=0.25,P<0.01), and have lower levels of psychological distress (R ²=0.29,P<0.01), pain severity (R ²=0.46,P<0.01), and pain behavior (R ²=0.27,P<0.01) after controlling for the demographic variables of gender, duration of back pain, and having a lawyer on retainer. The results support the use of the Back Pain Self-Efficacy Scale (BPSES) as a general measure of self-efficacy in the chronic low back pain population.     

慢性腰痛患者在脊柱突然失衡时多裂肌的肌电表现

目的：研究多裂肌在维持腰椎稳定中的作用及其与慢性腰痛的关系。方法：腰痛组为慢性腰痛病人15例，男8例，女7例，平均年龄33．53岁。正常组为无腰痛病史的健康志愿者15例，年龄、性别与腰痛组相匹配。运用表面电极记录上肢快速前屈、外展、后伸时多裂肌、最长肌、腰髂肋肌及三角肌的肌电信号，对各椎旁肌收缩的潜伏期与三角肌收缩的潜伏期之差值作比较。结果：正常组多裂肌在上肢三个方向的运动中收缩均早于最长肌、腰髂肋肌；腰痛组各椎旁肌几乎同时收缩，多裂肌在上肢三个方向的运动中均较正常人收缩延迟。结论：椎旁肌群中多裂肌在腰椎稳定中发挥重要作用，慢性腰痛病人多裂肌功能减退。