APACHE-11标准Bahhazar分级及胰外炎症评分系统对急性胰腺炎预后的评估价值比较

目的 评估APACHE-Ⅱ、Bahhazar分级及腹部CT胰外炎症评分系统(EPIC)三种临床标准对急性胰腺炎(AP)的预后价值.方法 研究2007-07-01-2007-12-31于温州医学院附属第一医院收治的入院24 h内行腹部CT检查的AP患者178例.用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析各临床评分标准预测重症AP的敏感度、特异度、约登指数及曲线下面积(AUROC),分析各评分标准对局部和全身并发症的预见能力.结果 178例患者中诊断为重症者46例.轻症和重症AP患者三种临床评分分值差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).Cutoff值取4.5时EPIC评分标准判断重症AP的敏感度最高达O.870,特异度最高达0.884,AUROC最大达0.929.EPIC预测局部并发症、全身并发症的AUROC均最大.结论 EPIC是入院24 h内预测重症AP有效的指标,对并发症亦有极佳的预测能力.     

三种评分标准对急性胰腺炎病情和预后的评估作用

目的 探讨Ranson、CT严重指数(CTSI)和急性胰腺炎严重程度床边指数(BISAP)三种评分系统在判断急性胰腺炎(AP)病情和预后中的价值.方法 回顾性分析2008年1月至2011年4月共计503例确诊AP患者,包括轻症急性胰腺炎(MAP) 356例,重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)147例,应用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线比较Ranson、CTSI和BISAP评分系统对AP病情严重度的评估价值和对病情预后的预测价值.将SAP分为无脏器功能衰竭组和脏器功能衰竭组,比较3种评分系统对AP并发脏器功能衰竭的预测价值.结果 MAP组和SAP组间的Ranson、CTSI和BISAP评分分值差异均有统计学意义(x2分别为236.88、126.24和101.27,P＜0.01),Ranson评分系统的敏感度(97.3％)和ROC曲线下面积(AUC)值(0.92)最大.在147例SAP患者的无脏器功能衰竭组和脏器功能衰竭组中,Ranson和BISAP评分的差异均有统计学意义(x2分别为17.67和26.12,P＜0.01),敏感度均为100％,特异度分别为96％和85％,BISAP评分的AUC值最大(0.80).在病情改善组和病情恶化组,Ranson和BISAP评分的分值差异具有统计学意义(x2分别为9.53和10.19,P＜0.05),BISAP评分系统的AUC值最大(0.74).结论 3种评分系统均可用于判断AP病情的严重程度.对于SAP并发脏器功能衰竭的风险和预后的判断,BISAP评分优于Ranson评分.BISAP评分简便、易行,为AP临床病情的判断提供了重要手段.     

BISAP评分对急性胰腺炎患者病情严重度及预后评估价值的研究

目的研究BISAP评分系统对急性胰腺炎(AP)患者病情严重程度及预后指标包括住院天数、有无局部并发症、全身并发症、器官衰竭及治疗转归等的评估价值,并与既往经典评分Ranson、CTST进行比较。方法采用回顾性临床研究方法,研究2001年2月-2011年11月上海市第一、第十人民医院及松江区中心医院收治的急性胰腺炎病例707例,对所有急性胰腺炎患者进行BISAP、Ranson和CT评分。受试者工作曲线(ROC曲线)分析三种评分系统对急性胰腺炎严重程度及预后的评估价值。结果 707例急性胰腺炎患者中急性轻型胰腺炎613例,急性重型胰腺炎94例。BISAP评分对急性胰腺炎轻重、局部并发症、全身并发症、器官衰竭及死亡的受试者工作曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.77、0.68、0.83、0.83、0.88。对急性胰腺炎死亡的判断,BISAP及Ranson评分均有较好的独立预测价值,优于CTSI评分。结论 BISAP评分对急性胰腺炎轻重分型、局部并发症、全身并发症和器官衰竭的发生及死亡均有较强的预测价值,与平均住院天数呈正相关;对急性胰腺炎死亡有独立预测价值,且时效性强,可以在急性胰腺炎发病早期发现重症趋势。     

不同评分系统对判断急性胰腺炎病情及预后的比较研究

目的比较PANC3、SIRSS、HAPS、Ranson’s、CTSI评分对急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatitis,AP)病情严重程度的评估价值,为AP诊治、改善预后提供临床依据。方法回顾性分析昆明医科大学第二附属医院消化内科2013年1月至2016年12月收治的121例AP患者临床资料,计算PANC3、SIRSS、HAPS、Ranson’s、CTSI评分,绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC),比较各评分对SAP、局部并发症、全身并发症、死亡的预测价值。结果 MAP组、MSAP组及SAP组5种评分均数比较,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05),SAP组分值显著高于MAP组及MSAP组;PANC3、SIRSS、HAPS、Ranson’s、CTSI评分与AP病情严重程度有显著相关性(P0.05),HAPS评分与SAP无相关性(P0.05),HAPS评分预测MAP的准确度为90.5%。对预测SAP方面,PANC3评分AUC值、约登指数、敏感度高于其他评分。在预测AP局部并发症方面,CTSI评分AUC值、约登指数、敏感度和特异度高于其他评分。在预测AP全身并发症和死亡方面,Ranson’s评分AUC值、约登指数均高于其他评分。在评估局部并发症、全身并发症、死亡的发生率方面,PANC3≥2分、SIRSS≥2分、Ranson’s≥3分、CTSI≥4分组所占例数均显著高于PANC32分、SIRSS2分、Ranson’s3分、CTSI4分组。结论 Ranson’s评分对预测AP全身并发症和死亡率的诊断价值及准确度高于其他评分,在预测AP局部并发症中CTSI评分诊断价值有显著优势,PANC3评分对预测SAP诊断价值优于其他评分,HAPS对评价MAP准确度更高。     

中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值与急性胰腺炎严重程度及全身并发症的关系

[目的]探讨中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio,NLR)与急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatitis,AP)的严重程度及全身并发症之间的关系。[方法]回顾性纳入182例AP患者,根据修订后的亚特兰大分类将AP患者分为轻症、中重症及重症3组。计算入院时NLR值四分位数,并将患者分为4组:NLR≤4.91组、4.92≤NLR7.80组、7.81≤NLR≤13.78组、NLR≥13.78组,分别比较修订后的亚特兰大分类、Ranson评分、全身并发症在4组间差异有无统计学意义。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线比较NLR、NLR48 h、白细胞计数及中性粒细胞计数预测AP全身并发症的有效性。[结果]根据修订后的亚特兰大分类,患者入院时NLR水平重症组中重症组轻症组[15.13(7.86)∶10.07(7.98)∶5.43(4.33),P0.001]。重症组及中重症组AP患者NLR48 h水平明显高于轻症组患者[8.10(6.74)∶7.62(4.57)∶3.16(2.58),P0.001]。根据四分位数分组,随着NLR水平升高,Ranson评分重度、修订后亚特兰大分类重症、有全身并发症患者所占比例明显升高(均P0.001)。计算炎性标志物预测AP全身并发症的ROC曲线下面积,入院时NLR曲线下面积最大,为0.863。当NLR截断值 10.56时,敏感性为85.7%,特异性为76.2%。[结论]NLR与AP严重程度密切相关,且NLR是预测AP患者全身并发症的重要参数。     

急性胰腺炎胸腔积液与病情严重程度关系分析

目的 分析急性胰腺炎(AP)患者胸腔积液的发生率,探讨胸腔积液与病情严重程度的关系.方法 回顾性分析766例AP患者胸腔积液的发生率及其与发病年龄、性别、Ranson评分、CT分级(CTSI)、血淀粉酶水平、白蛋白含量以及住院天数之间的关系.结果 766例AP患者中,129例(16.8%)发生胸腔积液.171例重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)中38例(22.2%)发生胸腔积液,595例轻症急性胰腺炎(MAP)中91例(15.3%)出现胸腔积液,SAP患者的胸腔积液发生率显著高于MAP患者(P＜0.05).发生胸腔积液患者的血淀粉酶水平、白蛋白含量、Ranson评分、CTSI及住院天数分别为(795±1013)U/L、(36±7)g/L、1.12±1.15、4.02±1.16和(23.4±23.4)d;无胸腔积液者分别为(592±856)U/L、(38±6)g/L、0.85±0.98、3.15±16.60和(17.3±16.6)d.胸腔积液患者的Ranson评分、血淀粉酶水平、CTSI均显著高于无胸腔积液者(P＜0.05或＜0.01);血清白蛋白含量显著低于无胸腔积液者(P＜0.01);住院天数明显长于无胸腔积液者(P＜0.01).双侧胸腔积液92例,右侧胸腔积液11例,左侧胸腔积液26例,胸腔积液部位与病情无关,但左侧胸腔积液者住院天数较长(P＜0.05).结论 AP患者发生胸腔积液者病情较重,胸腔积液可能是个较好的评估SAP的指标.     

BISAP评分系统对重症急性胰腺炎的评估价值

目的 探讨新型BISAP评分体系(bedside index for severity in AP)对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)的评估价值。方法 选取临床拟诊为SAP的患者68例,分别进行BISAP、APACHEⅡ、Ranson以及CTSI评分。BISAP评分标准包括患者入院24h内的尿素氮水平、受损精神状态、全身炎症反应综合征、年龄、胸腔积液5项内容。以BISAP≥3分、APACHEⅡ≥8分、Ranson≥3分、CTSI≥3分为SAP的评估标准,分析这几种评分系统评估SAP的正确率。结果 68例患者中,BISAP≥3分者43例,占63.2％;APACHEⅡ≥8分者41例,占60.3％;Ranson≥3分者41例,占60.3％;CTSI≥3分者46例,占67.6％。BISAP评分系统与APACHEⅡ评分系统、Ranson评分系统以及CTSI评分系统比较,评估SAP的正确率均无显著性统计学差异。结论 BISAP评分系统作为一种新型的、简便的评分体系可推广应用于SAP的评估。     

体质指数、血糖和血清三酰甘油与急性胰腺炎病情严重程度的关系

尽早对急性胰腺炎（AP）的病情严重程度作出准确评估,有助于快速诊断重症病例．及时开始正确的治疗。近年来,临床上起病时伴有代谢综合征（MS）的AP患者日趋多见。目的：探讨体质指数（BMI）、血糖和血清三酰甘油（TG）水平这三项MS组分指标与AP病情严重程度和预后的关系。方法：回顾2007年10月～2010年10月新疆医科大学第一附属医院住院AP患者的临床资料,分析入院时BMI、血糖、血清TG水平与Ranson评分、BalthazarCT分级、CT严重度指数（CTSI）的关系。结果：共398例AP患者纳入研究,重症患者的BMI、血糖、血清TG水平显著高于轻症患者（尸〈O．05）。Ranson评分≥3、BalthazarCT分级为D／E级和CTSI≥3的AP患者,BMI、血糖、血清TG水平分别显著高于Ranson评分〈3、BalthazarCT分级为A／B／C级和CTSI〈3的AP患者（P〈0．05）。根据Pearson相关系数,BMI、血糖、血清TG水平中的任意一项与Ranson评分、BahhazarCT分级、CTSI中的任意一项均呈显著正相关（P〈0．05）。结论：人院时BMI、血糖和血清TG水平能反映AP病情严重程度．可作为AP预后评估的参考指标。     

CT严重指数、超声造影联合血清降钙素原评估AP疗效

背景超声具有无创简便等优点,在急性胰腺炎病诊治中发挥着重要作用,而超声造影能通过分析胰腺微循环血流灌注,评估其缺血坏死状态,为临床诊治提供血流动力学信息.目的探讨超声造影联合血清降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)在评估急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatitis,AP)病情和疗效中的应用价值,及其与CT严重指数(CT severity indices,CTSI)的相关性.方法选取在我院接受治疗的AP患者作为研究对象,共63例,其中轻症AP患者38例(轻症AP组),重症AP患者25例(重症AP组).所有患者治疗前后测定血清PCT水平,行胰腺超声造影及腹部多层螺旋CT检查,记录超声造影严重指数(ultrasound severity indices,USSI)及CTSI,分析超声造影联合PCT评估疗效的可行性.结果超声造影诊断轻症AP患者37例,重症AP患者26例,敏感度=92.00%(23/25),特异度=92.11%(35/38);准确率=92.06%(58/63);重症AP组的血清PCT水平、USSI及CTSI明显高于轻症AP组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同治疗结局组间的血清PCT水平、USSI及CTSI比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后患者血清PCT水平、USSI分别与CTSI呈正相关(r=0.803,0.951,均P<0.05);治疗后患者血清PCT水平、USSI分别与临床疗效呈负相关(r=-0.721,-0.836,均P<0.05).结论超声造影能有效显示胰腺组织缺血坏死状态,准确反映AP病情,联合血清PCT水平可为临床全面准确评估AP病情及预后提供有价值的参考.     

2012年版急性胰腺炎分类标准的临床应用

目的 初步探讨2012年版急性胰腺炎分类标准的临床应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2009年10月至2012年9月广西医科大学第一附属医院诊断为急性胰腺炎患者的临床资料.根据2012年版分类标准将患者分为轻症急性胰腺炎(MAP)、中度重症急性胰腺炎(MSAP)、重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)3组.比较各组患者的好转及治愈例数、住院天数、住院费用、ICU入住率及入住天数、SIRS发生率及持续天数、Ranson评分、APACHEⅡ评分、CTSI评分的差异有无统计学意义.结果 166例患者中MAP 76例,MSAP 65例,SAP 25例;男性119例,女性47例;平均年龄(49±15)岁;平均入院前发病时间为(2.27±1.46)d.3组患者的好转及治愈例数、住院天数、住院费用、入住ICU例数及天数、SIRS发生例数及持续天数、Ranson评分、APACHEⅡ评分、CTSI评分均随着疾病严重程度的增加而升高(P值均＜0.01),其中SAP组患者相应值分别为21例(84.0％)、(23.8±13.6)d、(53900±30260)元、12例(48.0％)及(5.76±13.8)d、24例(96.0％)及(5.00±2.40)d、(3.76±1.30)分、(8.52±4.24)分、(5.44±3.48)分.166例患者中79例发生局部并发症,其中急性胰周液体积聚34例,急性坏死物积聚45例.SAP组急性坏死物积聚发生率高于MSAP组(68.0％比44.6％,P=0.047),而急性胰周液体积聚发生率低于MSAP组(16.0％比46.1％,P=0.016).166例患者中42例发生器官功能衰竭,其中35例发生呼吸功能衰竭,2例发生肾功能衰竭,5例合并发生呼吸功能和肾功能衰竭.SAP组器官功能衰竭发生率为100％,MSAP组为26.2％,两组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 2012年版急性胰腺炎分类标准简便易行,能准确反映急性胰腺炎的严重程度,适于临床应用.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.