青少年慢性胰腺炎的诊断及外科治疗

目的探讨青少年慢性胰腺炎的临床特点、诊断及外科治疗.方法回顾性分析1993年3月～ 2001年3月手术治疗的7例青少年慢性胰腺炎患者的临床资料.结果青少年患者大多存在先天性胰胆管发育异常(胰腺分裂1例,胰胆管合流异常1例,胆总管囊肿2例).主要症状为反复上腹痛.B超、CT、ERCP和超声内镜(EUS)等影像学检查有助于早期诊断,其诊断阳性率分别为57.1%(4/7)、71.4%(5/7)、100%(5/5)和100%(4/4).7例患者均接受了手术治疗,其中行胰头部分切除、胰管空肠侧侧吻合术(Frey's)1例,胰管切开取石、胰管空肠侧侧吻合术3例(其中Partington's术式2例,Puestow's术式1例),Oddi括约肌切开成形术1例,胆总管囊肿切除、肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术 + 保留十二指肠的胰头切除术(DPPHR)2例.术后近期腹痛均缓解.所有患者均获随访,随访时间2 ～ 9年,平均4.7年.1例于术后8个月症状复发,再次手术行胰尾切除,症状缓解.多数患者疗效满意.结论青少年慢性胰腺炎的病因不同于成人慢性胰腺炎,手术时机的掌握和手术方法的选择对患者的生活质量和疾病进程的控制至关重要.     

青少年慢性胰腺炎的诊断及外科治疗

目的探讨青少年慢性胰腺炎的临床特点、诊断及外科治疗。方法回顾性分析1993年3月～2001年3月手术治疗的7例青少年慢性胰腺炎患者的临床资料。结果青少年患者大多存在先天性胰胆管发育异常(胰腺分裂1例,胰胆管合流异常1例,胆总管囊肿2例)。主要症状为反复上腹痛。B超、CT、ERCP和超声内镜(EUS)等影像学检查有助于早期诊断,其诊断阳性率分别为57．1％(4／7)、71．4％(5／7)、100％(5／5)和100％(4／4)。7例患者均接受了手术治疗,其中行胰头部分切除、胰管空肠侧侧吻合术(Frey's)1例,胰管切开取石、胰管空肠侧侧吻合术3例(其中Partington's术式2例,Puestow's术式1例),Oddi括约肌切开成形术1例,胆总管囊肿切除、肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术 保留十二指肠的胰头切除术(DPPHR)2例。术后近期腹痛均缓解。所有患者均获随访,随访时间2～9年,平均4．7年。1例于术后8个月症状复发,再次手术行胰尾切除,症状缓解。多数患者疗效满意。结论青少年慢性胰腺炎的病因不同于成人慢性胰腺炎,手术时机的掌握和手术方法的选择对患者的生活质量和疾病进程的控制至关重要。     

超声内镜在胰管结石诊断中的价值

目的探讨超声内镜对胰管结石的诊断价值及相关治疗方法。方法回顾性分析2008年1月～2010年12月间我院收治的4例胰管结石的临床资料。结果 4例患者超声内镜检查均有慢性胰腺炎的影像学表现,胰腺内点状或弧形强回声,伴声影,胰管壁不规则,胰管扩张或囊性扩张。2例合并胰腺癌,1例合并壶腹癌,1例单纯胰管结石。治疗方法：1例行胰十二指肠切除术;1例行胆肠吻合术;1例行全麻下胰管切开取石,胰肠吻合术;1例行ERCP＋EST＋支架植入术。结论影像学检查是确诊胰管结石的主要手段,且超声内镜更具优势;胰管结石易合并胰腺癌,应该加以重视;治疗方法应根据具体情况采取不同的措施。     

胰管结石的诊断与治疗

目的 探讨胰管结石的诊断方法及如何选择合理的治疗方式.方法 对2005年3月至2009年8月收治的16例胰管结石患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 15例患者以不同程度的上腹痛就诊,1例以不规则腹泻就诊.血、尿淀粉酶高于正常值上限3例,血糖升高4例.B超、CT、MRI、ERCP和腹部平片的诊断率分别为93.8%(15/16)、68.8%(11/16)、57.1%(4/7)、100%(2/2)和50%(3/6).治疗方式包括内镜下胰管括约肌切开取石+胰管支架引流术2例,胰管切开取石、胰管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术12例,胰十二指肠切除术1例,胰体尾切除+胰管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术1例.全组无手术死亡病例.治疗后腹痛症状均有明显改善.随访14例,无结石复发,失访2例,随访率为87.5%,随访时间为1～53个月.结论 胰管结石首选B超检查,多种影像技术的联合应用可明显提高诊断率.全面的影像学检查是判断选择内镜治疗抑或是手术治疗的重要依据.随着内镜治疗技术的逐步成熟,ERCP将与外科手术一样成为胰管结石重要的治疗手段.     

19例胰管结石手术经验探析

目的：探讨胰管结石诊断和手术治疗方法的选择。方法回顾性分析重庆荣昌县中医院2006年1月－2014年9月收治的19例胰管结石患者的临床资料。所有患者均通过影像学检查（B 超、CT 及磁共振胰胆管造影）得到诊断。19例患者均伴有慢性胰腺炎，3例伴有糖尿病，2例伴有黄疸，1例伴有胆道出血，1例伴有胰头癌。结果19例患者均采取手术治疗，其中胰管切开取石、胰管空肠吻合5例，胰十二指肠切除9例，单纯行胰体尾部切除术3例，保留十二指肠的胰头切除2例。结论外科手术是治疗胰管结石最常用，也是重要和最终手段。应根据患者的的实际情况进行充分分析选择，制订个性化的手术方案，从而保证手术的成功率，改善患者的生存质量。     

胰管结石的诊断及手术治疗（附25例分析）

对25例胰管结石患者的临床资料作回顾性分析。25例中表现为持续性左上腹痛23例,右上腹痛2例,伴左腰背部放射痛20例;均行B超检查,确诊22例;16例行腹部CT检查,确诊12例;12例行磁共振胰胆管造影（MRCP）检查,确诊12例。均行手术治疗,结石全部取出。认为B超、CT及MRCP检查有助于胰管结石的诊断,本病手术治疗效果满意。     

胰腺结石的超声内镜检查和ERCP的对比研究

目的探讨胰腺结石的EUS和ERCP表现及其诊断价值.方法分析经手术或内镜下胰管取石确诊35例胰腺结石患者的EUS和ERCP检查结果.结果 35例中ERCP诊断27例(78.3%),8例诊断不明.伴有胰实质结石的4例患者ERCP均未能对胰实质结石做出诊断.而EUS诊断33例(94.3%),其中4例胰实质结石全部显示,2例胰管小结石未能诊断,EUS和ERCP联合检查全部35例均获得诊断.结论 ERCP联合EUS可提高胰腺结石诊断的准确率.     

外科手术治疗胰管结石23例临床回顾

目的 探讨外科手术治疗胰管结石的疗效及手术方式的合理选择.方法 回顾性分析2003年1月～2010年1月间在我院收治的23例胰管结石病人的临床资料.结果 16例患者行胰管切开取石加胰管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术(Partington手术),5例行胰十二指肠切除术,2例行胰体尾切除加脾切除术.无严重手术并发症及手术死亡...     

胰管结石的手术治疗

目的 探讨胰管结石的手术治疗方法。方法23例慢性胰腺炎伴胰管结石患者,14例行胰管切开取石、胰管空肠侧侧Roux-en—Y吻合术（2例有黄疸者加做胆管内引流术）,4例行胰体尾切除术（其中2例加做胰肠’吻合术）,1例行胰管成型取石术。4例因胰头肿大行胰十二指肠切除术（2例术后证实为胰头癌）。其中16例术中应用激光碎石。结果术中见23例主胰管直径0．8～2．0cm,多发结石17例、单发结石6例。手术均成功,行激光碎石者碎石率100％。无手术并发症。术后随访,20例术前有上腹痛者,17例术后腹痛消失,3例减轻;9例合并糖尿病者,4例血糖恢复正常,2例胰岛素用量减少,3例糖尿病未得到控制;术后第3年出现糖尿病1例;5例合并脂肪泻者,2例脂肪泻消失,1例减轻,2例无明显变化。2例合并胰头癌患者分别于术后1a2个月、1a8个月死亡。结论手术治疗胰管结石疗效较好,但应合理选择适应证和手术方式。     

术中超声在胰管结石手术中的应用

目的 探讨术中超声在胰管结石诊治中的临床应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2006年1月至2007年6月11例胰管结石患者的临床及影像学资料.患者手术中均行超声检查,评价主胰管有无扩张、扩张程度,胰管结石的部位及数目.结果 术中超声提示患者主胰管均有不同程度扩张,平均内径(1.0±0.4)cm(0.6～2.0 cm).胰管结石单发1例(9.1%),多发10例(90.9%),其中2例术前误诊为单发结石.结石位于胰头部4例,全胰弥漫分布7例.声像图上结石部位显示为强回声,伴声影.所有患者均在术中超声引导下行胰管切开取石、胰管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术.结论 术中超声是一种简便、无创的检查方法,可较为准确地定位胰管结石的部位,为手术治疗提供有价值的影像学信息.     

Is ERCP really necessary in case of suspected spontaneous passage of bile duct stones？

AIM： To investigate the usefulness of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography （MRCP） and the need for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography （ERCP） in cases of suspected spontaneous passage of stones into the common bile duct.
METHODS： Thirty-six patients with gallbladder stones were clinically suspected of spontaneous passage of stones into the common bile duct because they presented with clinical symptoms such as abdominal pain and fever, and showed signs of inflammatory reaction and marked rise of hepatobiliary enzymes. These symptoms resolved and they showed normalized values of blood biochemical parameters after conservative treatment without evidence of stones in the common bile duct on MRCP. All these patients were subjected to ERCP within 3 d of MRCP to check for the presence of stones.
RESULTS： No stones were detected by ERCP in any patient, confirming the results of MRCP.
CONCLUSION： When clinical symptoms improve, blood biochemical parameters have normalized, and MRCP shows there are no stones in the common bile duct, it can be considered the stone has spontaneously passed and thus ERCP is not necessary.     

影像学检查在诊断慢性胰腺炎中的意义

目的　分析评价多种影像学检查在慢性胰腺炎诊断中的作用 ,有助于慢性胰腺炎的诊断。方法　回顾性总结北京协和医院 1991～ 2 0 0 0年间确诊的慢性胰腺炎患者 12 9例 ,分析体外超声 (US)、计算机X线断层摄影 (CT)、内镜逆行胰胆管造影 (ERCP)、超声内镜 (EUS)及磁共振胰胆管显影 (MR CP)在诊断慢性胰腺炎中的作用。结果　①EUS和MRCP诊断慢性胰腺炎的敏感性高 ,与ERCP的一致性较好。②ERCP的敏感性显著高于US与CT(P <0 .0 5 )。③US对胰管扩张检出的敏感性与特异性为 5 9.4 %与 93.8% ,CT分别为 6 0 .0 %与 95 .7%。④胰管病变重度组ERCP与BT PABA的一致率(87.5 % )较轻 中度组 (6 6 .7% )高。⑤慢性胰腺炎并发症越多 ,胰管病变程度越重。结论　在传统检查中 ,ERCP诊断慢性胰腺炎的敏感性最高 ;新近开展的EUS和MRCP敏感性高 ,且与ERCP有较好的一致性 ,是很有前途的检查方法     

内镜超声检查对胆总管扩张的诊断价值

目的评价内镜超声检查(EUS)对胆总管扩张的病因诊断价值。方法32例患者在EUS 前均做过体表B超检查。患者的病因诊断均在病理或手术(包括奥狄括约肌切开取石)后确定。结果(1)32例患者的B超及EUS对胆总管直径的测定结果分别为(1.04±0.41)cm和(0.97±0.36)cm,两者差异无显著性(P＞0.05)。(2)对胆总管扩张的病因诊断率EUS为29/32(90.6％),明显高于体表B超19/32(59.4％),P＜0.01;X线电子计算机断层扫描(CT)21/32(65.6％),P＜0.05。EUS与磁共振胆胰管成像(MRCP)13/16(81.3％)和内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)31/32(96.9％)诊断率 相似(P＞0.05)。结论EUS对胆总管扩张的病因有很高的诊断价值。     

胆源性肝损伤临床特征分析及治疗手段探讨

目的 分析总结胆源性肝损伤(BLI)患者的临床特征,探讨磁共振胰胆管造影(MRCP)阴性的BLI患者内镜下逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)治疗和预后。方法 2018年1月～2019年12月我院收治的BLI患者77例,其中MRCP检查为阴性组34例和MRCP阳性组43例。根据病情,给予内镜乳头括约肌切开术(EST)或狭窄处扩张术治疗。结果 在77例患者中,有黄疸者70例(92.2%),腹痛者65例(84.4%),发热者27例(35.1%);腹部超声检查提示胆囊结石48例(62.3%),胆囊切除术后14例(18.2%); ERCP术后诊断为胆总管结石者71例(92.2%),MRCP阴性组胆总管泥沙样结石占91.2%,显著高于MRCP阳性组的9.3%,两组性别、年龄以及腹痛、黄疸发生率比较无显著性差异(P＞0.05);MRCP阴性组患者发热发生率为20.6%,显著低于MRCP阳性组的46.5% (P＜0.05),MRCP阴性组患者中性粒细胞百分数为(66.6±14.4)%,显著低于MRCP阳性组【(74.6±14.8)%, P＜0.05】;两组血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)和总胆红素(TBIL)水平无显著性差异(P>0.01);MRCP阴性组与阳性组ERCP术成功率和术后并发症发生率比较无显著性差异(P＞0.05)。结论 胆总管泥沙样结石是MRCP阴性的BLI患者最常见的病因。对于MRCP阴性的BLI患者,如伴有发热或/和中性粒细胞百分数升高,应高度怀疑BLI的可能,而给予相应的处理。     

Evaluating the role of imaging methods in the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of imaging methods in the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis (CP) in improving the accuracy of a clinical diagnosis of CP. METHODS: The results of the imaging methods used for 129 cases diagnosed as CP in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 1991 to 2000 were retrospectively analyzed. The imaging methods included ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS). RESULTS: The sensitivity of EUS and MRCP was high and was in good agreement with ERCP in the diagnosis of CP. The sensitivity of ERCP was superior to US and CT (P < 0.05). The sensitivity of US and CT for diagnosing dilation of the pancreatic duct was 59.4% and 60%, respectively, the specificity was 93.8% and 95.7%, respectively. BT‐PABA had a better correlation with ERCP in the group with severe changes of the pancreatic duct than in the mild or moderate group. The more complications of CP that were present, the more severe the lesions of the pancreatic duct. CONCLUSION: Among the traditional imaging modalities for diagnosing CP, ERCP is the most sensitive. MRCP and EUS, the promising and novel examination techniques, have high sensitivity and good agreement with ERCP.     

Magnetic resonance study of the pancreatic duct.

AIM: to prospectively determine the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) in the evaluation of the normal and diseased pancreatic duct. METHODS: patients seen during a 6-month period with a diagnosis of biliary tract or pancreatic disease underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) after a previous MRCP. The pancreatic duct was evaluated with both techniques in 37 patients. RESULTS: the pancreatic duct appeared normal in ERCP in 27 patients, and also appeared normal in MRCP in 25 of these patients (specificity 93%). ERCP showed moderate-severe pancreatic duct dilation in 8 patients, in whom the same diagnosis was reached with MRCP (sensitivity 100%). The causes of dilation were chronic pancreatitis (2 patients), pancreatic cancer (3 patients) and ampullary tumor (2 patients); in 1 patient the findings with both techniques were suggestive of neoplasm of the head of the pancreas or focal chronic pancreatitis. Pancreas divisum was diagnosed in 2 patients by both methods, and the predominant dorsal duct as well as the ventral duct were visualized by MRCP. CONCLUSIONS: MRCP is an accurate technique for evaluating the normal or diseased pancreatic duct, and for determining the underlying disease.     

Endoscopic approach to acute pancreatitis

This review focuses on the use of endoscopic techniques in the diagnosis and management of pancreatic disorders. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has been used primarily to evaluate and treat disorders of the biliary tree. Recently, endoscopic techniques have been adapted for pancreatic sphincterotomy, stenting, stricture dilation, treatment of duct leaks, drainage of fluid collections, and stone extraction via the major and minor papillae. In patients with acute and recurrent pancreatitis, ERCP carries a higher than average risk of post-ERCP pancreatitis. This risk can be reduced with the placement of a prophylactic pancreatic stent. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) can establish the anatomy of the biliary and pancreatic ducts, identify pancreas divisum or pancreatic ductal strictures, depict bile duct stones, and demonstrate pancreatic or biliary duct dilation. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) provides a safer, less invasive, and often more sensitive measure for evaluating the pancreas and biliary tree, and allows some options for therapy. In acute and recurrent pancreatitis, EUS and MRCP can be used to establish a diagnosis; ERCP can be reserved for therapy.     

Efficacy of intraductal ultrasonography in the diagnosis of non-opaque choledocholith

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of intraductal ultrasonography (IDUS) in the diagnosis of non-opaque, common bile duct stones.METHODS: A total of 183 patients (102 males, mean age 73 years; 81 females, mean age 70 years) with suspected common bile duct stones diagnosed through abdominal computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and abdominal Type-B ultrasound were included in the study. The diagnosis was confirmed through endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) followed by IDUS.RESULTS: A total of 183 patients with suspected common bile duct (CBD) stones were included in the study as follows: 36 patients with high-density CBD stones, 68 patients with sand-like stones, 44 patients with low-density stones, 21 patients with ampullary cancer, and 14 patients with pancreatic cancer. Conventional imaging revealed 124 cases of choledochectasia, and only 36 cases of suspected CBD stones; ERCP revealed 145 cases of CBD stones with three missed diagnoses. IDUS revealed 148 cases of CBD stones, 21 cases of ampullary tumors, and 14 cases of pancreatic cancer.CONCLUSION: IDUS was more effective in the diagnosis of bile duct stones than ERCP, upper abdominal CT or upper abdominal MRI.     

Diagnostic value of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography for clinically suspicious spontaneous passage of bile duct stones

Background and Aim: We investigated the usefulness of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and the need for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in patients with clinically suspicious spontaneous passage of bile duct stones. Methods: The study population consisted of 113 patients suspected of having common duct bile stones. Of them, 50 patients were clinically suspected of spontaneous passage of bile duct stones based on the presence of gallbladder stones on ultrasound examination or a history of common bile duct stones after cholecystectomy, clinical symptoms including abdominal pain and fever associated with inflammatory reaction and marked rise of hepatobiliary enzymes which resolved or normalized after conservative treatment without evidence of stones in the common bile duct on MRCP. These 50 patients were prospectively followed up for a median of 10.2 months. Results: All patients except for one had had no symptoms related to cholangitis. Only one patient received ERCP due to recurrence of symptoms after 6 months. Conclusion: When clinical symptoms improve, hematological parameters normalize, and MRCP indicates that there are no stones in the common bile duct, it can be considered that the stones have passed naturally.     

Diagnostic value of MRCP and indications for ERCP

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To assess the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and examine the indications for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). METHODOLOGY: MRCP was performed in 185 patients with hepatobiliary disease in whom abdominal ultrasonography (US) had not been of diagnostic value. These patients were selected for MRCP in view of their abdominal symptoms, high levels of hepatobiliary enzymes, and pancreatic/bile duct dilatation found by abdominal US. Based on MRCP findings, 75 patients were selected for ERCP. RESULTS: ERCP provided new findings in 14 (18.%) patients. In 110 patients subjected to only MRCP and follow-up as well as in 75 patients with MRCP followed by ERCP, MRCP-based diagnosis corresponded with the final diagnosis. In our study, patients who would have conventionally required ERCP, such as those with natural passed choledocholithiasis and postoperative bile duct dilatation, could be followed up without ERCP. These results the importance of considering indications for ERCP. CONCLUSIONS: MRCP can be an alternative to ERCP at least for diagnosis.