乳腺数字X线检查联合多普勒超声检查对乳腺良恶性病变诊断效能研究

目的:观察乳腺数字X线检查联合多普勒超声检查对乳腺良恶性病变诊断价值。方法:选取2018年1月-2019年5月期间在我院收治的乳腺良恶性病变病人80例作为研究对象,对所有病人进行乳腺数字X线检查和多普勒超声检查。对比单独行乳腺数字X线检查、单独行多普勒超声检查及两种检查联合的诊断准确率。结果:联合检查准确率高于单独行乳腺数字X线检查或者单独行多普勒超声检查准确率(P<0.05),组间数据差异明显,差异存在统计学意义。结论:乳腺数字X线检查联合多普勒超声检查,对乳腺良恶性病变病人诊断准确率更高,显影清晰,减少误诊率和漏诊率,临床价值显著。     

超声内镜对上消化道占位性病变诊断价值

目的探讨超声内镜(endoscopic ultrasonography,EUS)对上消化道占位性病变诊断的价值。方法以122例在电子胃镜及电子线阵式超声内镜检查后接受内镜下黏膜切除术(endoscopic mucosal resection,EMR)或内镜下黏膜剥离术(endoscopic mucosal dissection,ESD)或外科手术(后统称为手术)的上消化道占位性病变的患者为研究对象,其中33例患者行细针穿刺抽吸细胞学检查(fine-needle aspiration,FNA)。将电子胃镜与EUS检查结果与术后病理诊断进行比较。结果 122例EUS(部分结合FNA)与术后病理的符合率为91.8%(112/122),33例EUS-FNA与术后病理的符合率为96.9%(32/33),电子胃镜检查与术后病理的符合率为77.2%(71/92)。与电子内镜诊断符合率相比,EUS有明显优势。结论 EUS能满意的对上消化道占位性病变进行初步定性诊断,结合FNA检查能有效提高诊断的准确性。     

A new ultrasonic probe for endosonographic imaging of the upper GI-tract. Preliminary observations

A new ultrasonic probe (7.5 MHz, diameter 3.7 mm) was used in vitro in 3 gastric resection specimens and in vivo in 12 patients in an attempt to visualize normal and pathological wall structure of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum via the working channel of a gastroscope, and of the biliary tract via the percutaneous approach. In 5 of these patients conventional endosonography was performed. The probe visualizes the normal layer structure and pathological lesions of the upper GI-tract wall, since it can be accurately positioned at the structure of interest under visual control; water is instilled into the hollow organs to improve transmission of the ultrasound beam. Intra- and transmural changes such as blood vessels in the wall of the esophagus and stomach in portal hypertension, or gastric and esophageal tumors were demonstrated. The important advantage of the probe is that it can be used in stenosed or narrowed hollow organs, where conventional endosonography fails. However, the depth of penetration of the ultrasonic beam (10-15 mm) and circumferential imaging of the gastric wall are still inferior to those of conventional endoscopic ultrasound. As the focus distance of the ultrasound probe to the biliary ducts is too small, visualization of the biliary system is incomplete. Technical improvements could make this new probe an irreplacable diagnostic tool in the future.     

Use of the enteroscope for colo-ileoscopy: low yield in unexplained lower gastrointestinal bleeding.

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: The small intestine is a potential origin of bleeding in patients with unexplained gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage or iron-deficiency anemia. Most reports on the investigation of these patients describe the use of upper tract enteroscopy. The diagnostic yield of combined upper and lower enteroscopy has not been widely assessed and remains to be clarified. The aim of this study was to assess the benefit of lower gastrointestinal tract enteroscopy in occult digestive bleeding. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1 December 1995 and 15 January 1998, 54 patients with gastrointestinal bleeding of unknown origin were prospectively studied using upper and lower video push enteroscopy (44 for chronic iron-deficiency anemia and 10 for unexplained gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage with no potential site having been identified by other investigations). Examinations were done using a Olympus video enteroscope (SIF-100) under general anesthesia in a one-day clinic. An upper tract examination was done first, directly followed by the lower tract investigation. RESULTS: The upper tract enteroscopy was successful in 53 patients (98%) and retrograde ileoscopy in 21 patients (39%). In 18 (38%) cases the technical failure resulted from the impossibility of intubating the ileocecal valve. A potential source of upper gastrointestinal bleeding was detected in 35% of patients with chronic iron-deficiency anemia and in 20% of those with unexplained gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage. The most common lesion in the small bowel was angiodysplasia (25%). The lower tract video push enteroscopy disclosed 11 lesions in patients with chronic anemia. However the lesions, including two ileocecal valve cancers, were mainly located in the colon and had been missed by previous colonoscopy. No case of ileal lesion was detected in this group of patients. In patients with unexplained gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage, three lesions were detected but only one of these was in the ileum. Associated colonic and jejunal lesions were observed in three patients (5.5%). Overall, the diagnostic yield of lower video push enteroscopy was less than 2%. CONCLUSION: This prospective study has shown that using an enteroscope as a colonoscope in the management of patients with gastrointestinal bleeding of unknown origin is of little help. It might actually be more appropriate to perform a second colonoscopy. This however remains controversial and a prospective study is needed to answer that question.     

阴道彩色多普勒超声诊断子宫内膜息肉的价值

目的 探讨经阴道彩色多普勒超声诊断子宫内膜息肉的价值,进一步提高子宫内膜息肉的诊断准确率.方法 2009年1月-2010年12月,对48例子宫内膜息肉患者,经阴道彩色多普勒超声发现病灶后观察其位置、大小、内部同声及病灶内部和周边的彩色血流情况,并与手术病理结果对照.结果 经阴道彩色多普勒超声诊断子宫内膜息肉的准确率为...     

Effective ultrasonographically guided intervention for diagnosis of musculoskeletal lesions.

Current algorithms recommend computed tomography or fluoroscopic guidance rather than ultrasonography for musculoskeletal intervention. We analyzed our ultrasonographically guided experience to evaluate its efficacy. Forty-seven patients underwent needle aspirates or biopsies or both in 13 extremity and 34 axial locations for 12 inflammatory lesions, 23 soft tissue masses, and 12 lesions arising from bone. Four lesions were initially imaged by ultrasonography; the remaining lesions were identified by computed tomography (25) or magnetic resonance imaging (18). Forty-six samples were diagnostic; one needle aspirate of an inflammatory mass yielded no diagnostic material. No complications occurred. Ultrasonographically guided musculoskeletal aspiration and biopsy are diagnostic and effective throughout the body, and with appropriate lesion access, they should be considered as an alternative to computed tomographic-guided procedures.     

超声诊断大网膜病变的初步评价

目的 评价大网膜病变的超声诊断价值,积累超声诊断大网膜病变的经验。方法 回顾性分析经手术、腹腔镜或腹水细胞病理学证实的３３例大网膜病变的超声改变。要３３例中超声诊断大网膜有病变２７例,提示良性或恶性病变２６例,与手术或腹腔镜对照,病变部位诊断符合率８１．８％,病理性质（良性或恶性）诊断符合率７８．８％。声像图特征;大网膜趋向于病变部位,且发生厚度、形态和回声改变。结论 只要积累经验,超声医师可根据     

Small intestine contrast ultrasonography (SICUS) in the diagnosis of small intestine lesions

After the ingestion of iso-osmolar polyethylene glycol solution, the small bowel can be visualized on ultrasonography. The aim of this study was to assess sensitivity and specificity of SICUS in diagnosis of small bowel lesions. A total of 53 consecutive patients with suspected intestinal pathology underwent a diagnostic workup, including a small bowel follow-through and SICUS performed by independent operators. The sonologist was unaware of the clinical data. Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were assessed using radiologic findings. Diagnostic sensitivity of SICUS was 100%, with a specificity of 97%. The concordance index was 0.956 (p < 0.003, kappa statistics) and the conformity between SICUS and radiology was 1. The diagnostic accuracy of SICUS to detect small bowel lesions is comparable to that of small bowel follow-through. Results of this study support the use of noninvasive, widely available, inexpensive, and nondemanding SICUS as an initial investigation in patients with suspected small bowel disease.     

经软腭超声引导细针穿刺诊断咽旁间隙肿瘤

目的探讨经软腭彩色多普勒超声(CDFI)诊断咽旁间隙肿瘤的应用价值.方法应用7.0 MHz腔内彩色多普勒超声探头对CT或MRI发现的40例(43个)咽旁间隙内可疑病变行软腭CDFI扫查.观察病变形态、大小、内部回声及血流情况,并行超声引导下细针穿刺(FNA)病理细胞学诊断.结果40例经CDFI扫查显示病变43个,FNA细胞学诊断良性病变6个,恶性病变32个,5个病变内未见癌细胞,其中2个病变CDFI检查高度怀疑为恶性病变,经鼻咽活检病理确诊为鼻咽癌.结论经软腭超声引导细针穿刺细胞学诊断是一种诊断鼻咽部肿瘤的新方法.当病变局限于咽旁间隙内时,FNA是对常规鼻咽活检一种有益的补充,可以提高鼻咽癌的早期诊断率.     

超声显像在肾上腺转移癌诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨超声显像对肾上腺转移癌的诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析近二十年来我院经超声显像检查并经手术与病理证实的29例肾上腺转移癌患者的声像图特点。结果 29例肾上腺转移癌声像图显示肿块直径为1．8～10．3cm，肿块呈不规则形者18例，呈椭圆形者11例；肿块内部回声分布不均匀，呈低回声者11例，弱回声6例，较高回声4例，弱、低回声与较高回声混合者8例；超声显像诊断与手术和病理诊断相符者27例，符合率为93．1％（27／29）。结论 肾上腺转移癌具有一定的超声声像罔特征，超声显像对肾上腺转移癌的诊断具有重要临床应用价值，可作为临床诊断的首选方法。     

超声及MELCHIORRE评分在儿童血友病性膝关节病诊断中的价值

目的探讨超声及MELCHIORRE评分在儿童血友病性膝关节病诊断中的价值。方法对35例临床确诊的血友病患儿的35个靶关节进行超声检查,观察受检关节的声像图特点,行MELCHIORRE评分,并同期行MRI增强检查,根据关节病变程度将患儿分为两组,并比较两种检查方法对两组患儿各阳性病变检出情况及评分的一致性。结果早期软组织病变16例,另19例合并骨、软骨病变,随着出血次数增加,超声评分明显增加(F=0.824,P<0.01)。超声与MRI对16例早期软组织病变(关节积液、滑膜增厚、含铁血黄素沉积)检出的一致性好至优秀(K=0.636~0.818,P<0.01),两种方法对关节病变评分的一致性好(K=0.747,P<0.01);对19例晚期骨软骨病变各阳性病变(关节积液、滑膜增厚、含铁血黄素沉积、软骨破坏)检出的一致性中等至好(K=0.441~0.642,P<0.05);而对(骨侵蚀、关节下囊肿)检出的一致性差(K=0.224~0.313,P<0.05),两种方法对关节病变评分的一致性差(K=0.272,P<0.01)。结论超声与MRI在诊断儿童血友病性膝关节早期软组织病变方面有较好的一致性,超声能够动态监测疾病的活动性,应作为儿童血友病关节随访的首选检查,MELCHIORRE评分适用于早期软组织病变的评估,可作为临床治疗、随访提供依据。     

Diagnostic yield and utility of neurovascular ultrasonography in the evaluation of patients with syncope

OBJECTIVE: To determine the diagnostic utility of neurovascular ultrasonography (transcranial Doppler and carotid ultrasonography) in patients with syncope. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively identified consecutive patients who underwent neurovascular ultrasonography for the diagnosis of syncope or presyncope at an academic hospital in 1997 and 1998. From medical records we abstracted patient demographic and clinical information, results and consequences of testing, and follow-up data for 3 years. RESULTS: A total of 140 patients participated in the study. The median age of the study patients was 74 years (interquartile range, 66-80 years), and 49% were male. Severe extracranial or Intracranial cerebrovascular disease was found on neurovascular ultrasonography in 20 patients (14%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 9.5%-21%). Focal neurologic signs or symptoms or carotid bruits were found in 19 (95%) of 20 patients with positive test results compared with 46 (38%) of 120 patients without severe disease (P<.001). Ultrasonography identified cerebrovascular lesions that may have contributed to the syncopal process in only 2 (1.4%) of 140 patients (95% CI, 0.39%-5.1%), but the lesions were unlikely to have been the primary cause of syncope in either patient. CONCLUSION: In this predominantly stroke-age population, neurovascular ultrasonography had a low yield for diagnosing vascular lesions that contributed to the pathophysiology of syncope. However, in patients with focal signs or symptoms or carotid bruits, it detected incidental lesions that typically require treatment or follow-up. In patients with syncope, neurovascular ultrasonography should be reserved for this subset. The data suggest enhancements to the American College of Physicians guideline for the use of neurovascular ultrasonography in patients with syncope.     

Cystic lesions and scrotal fluid collections in adults: Ultrasound findings

The widespread use of scrotal ultrasonography (US) has led to increased detection of testicular and extratesticular pathologies. Cystic or encapsulated fluid collections are relatively common benign lesions that usually present as palpable testicular lumps. Most cysts arise in the epidydimis, but all anatomical structures of the scrotum can be the site of their origin. US may suggest a specific diagnosis for a wide variety of intrascrotal cystic and fluid lesions and appropriately guide therapeutic options. US should be used as an adjunctive diagnostic modality after clinical evaluation of a scrotal lesion associated or not with the presence of a lump.     

妇女乳腺常见病变1386例彩色超声诊断分析

目的 了解对不同年龄组妇女乳腺常见病的发病情况及彩色超声诊断的价值。方法采用彩色超声检查有乳腺病症状妇女1386例，按不同年龄分组进行超声诊断分析，部分病例术后病理检查。结果乳腺病变超声诊断1386例，乳腺增生症1021例（73．7％），乳腺纤维腺瘤312例（22．5％），乳腺导管内乳头状瘤11例（0．8％），乳腺囊肿13例（0．9％），乳腺癌及可疑乳腺癌19例（1．4％），正常乳腺10例（0，7％）。不同年龄组乳腺病变超声诊断的比率有差异，但无统计学意义。，超声诊断乳腺癌与病理诊断符合率为73．3％，不符合率为26．7％；超声诊断纤维腺瘤或可疑为纤维腺瘤与病理诊断符合率60．2％，不符合率39，8％。结论彩色超声检查乳腺病变简便有效无创，但在诊断乳腺结节的性质方面仍有一定缺陷，应结合其他方法诊断尽早切除病灶组织，病理确定性质，以指导患者治疗方案，     

Transvaginal ultrasonography in the assessment of organic diseases of female urethra.

The current investigation aimed to check the effectiveness of transvaginal ultrasonography in the diagnosis of organic urethral diseases, comparing its results with those of conventional examinations (physical examination, voiding cystourethrography, pelvic ultrasonography, cystourethroscopy). Transvaginal ultrasonography was performed in 560 female patients with recurrent cystitis, dysuria, or palpable masses and diagnosed the following urethral diseases: 25 diverticula, seven stenoses, three carcinomas, two leiomyomas of periurethral tissue, and one incomplete duplex urethra. In our study transvaginal ultrasonography proved to be the most reliable diagnostic tool among imaging methods used.     

腹膜假性黏液瘤的超声表现与手术病理对照分析

目的 通过比较腹膜假性黏液瘤(PMP)超声表现与手术探查所见,探讨超声在检查PMP中的诊断价值.方法 对22例手术和/或超声引导下穿刺活检病理证实为PMP患者的声像图表现和外科手术病理结果 进行回顾性分析及比较.结果 22 例中术前超声检查提示PMP 21例,漏诊1例,诊断准确率95.5%.超声分型表现:以腹水表现为主8例,以腹膜增厚表现为主伴腹水14例(7例以蜂窝状增厚为主,7例以肿块型增厚为主).14例以腹膜增厚表现为主的PMP,彩色多普勒血流成像显示稀疏血流信号7例,另7例未见血流信号.17例进行了手术治疗,术中见大网膜呈板状增厚6例,其中4例术前超声显示网膜普遍增厚;手术中见大网膜呈结节状5例,术前超声所见2例;手术见果冻样腹水11例,而术前超声检查15例呈黏液样腹水;术中发现病变原发于阑尾或回盲部6例,而术前超声诊断仅发现1例.结论 超声检查对PMP有较高诊断准确率,应作为首选影像诊断手段;PMP的超声表现为黏液样腹水和大网膜普遍或结节状增厚,具有较高特异性,而对原发病灶显示率较差.     

Ultrasound evaluation of neck masses in children

Neck masses in children are a frequent occurrence and in some instances create a diagnostic dilemma for the clinician. The authors' two-year experience using ultrasonography in the evaluation of 34 children with neck masses is reviewed. Twenty-two patients had lesions arising outside the thyroid gland; 12 lesions arose from the thyroid gland. Ultrasonography proved to be an accurate imaging modality for localizing the mass and demonstrating its relationship to the thyroid gland, trachea, and major neck vessels. The borders and extent of the lesions were well outlined, as well as their internal consistency. Based on this review, the authors recommend that ultrasonography be the first screening procedure in pediatric patients who present with perplexing neck masses.     

A new view of occult and obscure gastrointestinal bleeding

Occult gastrointestinal bleeding usually is discovered when fecal occult blood test results are positive or iron deficiency anemia is detected. Fecal occult blood testing methods vary, but all have limited sensitivity and specificity. The initial work-up for occult bleeding typically involves colonoscopy or esophagogastroduodenoscopy, or both. In patients without symptoms indicating an upper gastrointestinal tract source or in patients older than 50 years, colonoscopy usually is performed first. About one half of patients with gastrointestinal bleeding do not have an obvious source of the bleeding. In those patients, small bowel imaging or repeat panendoscopy may be performed. Barium studies of the small bowel are widely available but have limited diagnostic utility. Mucosal lesions such as vascular ectasias, a common cause of obscure bleeding, may be missed by small bowel studies. Small bowel endoscopy is difficult to perform but has a higher diagnostic yield. Capsule endoscopy is a newer technique that allows noninvasive small bowel imaging. Radionuclide red blood cell scans or angiography may be useful in patients with active bleeding. Treatment of bleeding most often involves endoscopic ablation of the bleeding site with thermal energy, if the site is accessible. Angiographic embolization may be used to treat lesions that cannot be reached endoscopically. Diffuse vascular lesions, which are not uncommon, are difficult to treat. Medical treatment, usually with combined hormone therapy, has limited utility. Surgical treatment of obscure bleeding often fails or is not feasible because of multiple bleeding sites.     

乳腺淋巴瘤的超声特点及与乳腺X线、磁共振成像的比较

目的 探讨乳腺淋巴瘤的超声诊断价值。方法 经病理证实的乳腺淋巴瘤患者26例,分析其超声声像图及X线、MRI的特点,并比较三者的诊断准确性。结果 24例患者行超声检查,共检出32个病灶,平均最大径线30 mm,26个(81.3％)病灶表现为低回声或极低回声为主,8个(25.0％)呈卵圆形,7个(21.9％)呈小叶状,20个病灶(62.50％)边界清晰,6个(18.8％)周边见声晕,19个病灶(59.4％)可见较丰富的血流信号。19例患者行乳腺X线检查,1例患者未见明显异常,1例患者见点状钙化灶,5例表现为非对称致密影,12例患者发现15个孤立性病灶。10例患者行MRI检查,发现病灶11个,10(90.9％)表现为T1低信号、T2高信号,所有病灶增强后不均匀强化。超声、X线和MRI对良恶性的诊断准确率分别为83％,52％,100％。结论 乳腺淋巴瘤的超声图像具有一定特征,结合超声及MRI检查有利于乳腺淋巴瘤的诊断。     

超声对甲状腺腺瘤与结节性甲状腺肿的鉴别诊断

目的：探讨二维超声及彩色多普勒血流显像对甲状腺腺瘤和结节性甲状腺肿的鉴别诊断价值。方法：回顾分析术后经病理证实的25例甲状腺腺瘤和30例结节性甲状腺肿患者的超声声像图,并对两组病例的二维声像图和彩色多普勒血流图像特点进行比较分析。结果：两组疾病在结节数目、晕环有无、包膜有无、结节内部、周边血流信号等方面比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：由于甲状腺腺瘤和结节性甲状腺肿之间的病理基础不同,从而形成了超声声像图上的特征性改变,可作为甲状腺腺瘤和结节性甲状腺肿的超声鉴别诊断要点。