“21世纪非绿色革命”论坛I：药用蘑菇——亟待开发的抗生素新资源

虽然很多精通植物的卫生保健医生都知道蘑菇具免疫增强活性,但知道蘑菇还是天然抗生素的丰富资源者却很少。如蘑菇细胞壁中的葡聚糖是我们熟知的免疫调节剂,但很少有人知道蘑菇的胞外次级代谢产物,即胞外分泌的菌丝体具抗菌和抗病毒活性。至     

重组干扰素治疗慢性乙型肝炎38例

乙型肝炎病程迁延；易转为慢性，常发展为肝硬化，肝衰竭，甚至肝癌。目前认为乙肝病毒不断复制和机体抗病毒的免疫应答为引起肝损害的原因。采用有效的抗病毒治疗，清除病毒感染，终止免疫应答，对患者病情的稳定具有很大作用。干扰素是具有抗病毒和免疫调节作用的生物活性物质，在治疗慢性乙型肝炎方面取得了较好的疗效。现将我科采用重组干扰素A—1b（赛诺金）治疗慢性乙肝的疗效观察报告如下。     

果蝇抗病毒免疫

果蝇是遗传和发育研究的重要模式生物,对果蝇抗病毒免疫研究有助于了解宿主是如何与病毒互相作用以及宿主几条免疫路径在抗病毒中所起的作用.本文从两方面综述了果蝇抗病毒免疫,即果蝇抗病毒先天免疫路径和核糖核酸干扰(RNAi)抗病毒免疫,这些分析能帮助我们更好地了解果蝇抗病毒免疫的机制和特点.     

蘑菇有望成为开发抗生素的新资源

近年来,医学及营养学专家都十分推崇蘑菇类食品(包括香菇、草菇、平菇及灵芝等菌类),因为大多数蘑菇均含丰富的多糖类物质,具有免疫活性,能起增强机体抵抗力和抗癌的作用.然而,知道蘑菇中含抗菌及抗病毒活性成分,有望成为开发天然抗生素丰富资源的人却并不多.     

环球集萃

吃小鸡炖蘑菇有助防甲流 专家称,鸡肉、蘑菇、大蒜、生姜和香菜等食物能增强人体免疫力,具有抗病毒的作用。尤其是将蘑菇与鸡肉搭配炖汤。并用同样有抑制病毒作用的大葱、生姜与香菜。就会使鸡汤和鸡肉抗病毒及提高免疫力的功效更加显著。但是。患高尿酸血症与痛风者不宜吃,肾功能不全和有高血脂、动脉硬化、消化道溃疡的人也应慎吃、少吃。     

槐定碱抗病毒作用的研究进展

槐定碱(sophoridine, SRI)主要是从豆科槐属植物中提取的喹诺里西啶生物碱，是苦豆子、苦参和白刺花的主要活性成分之一。现代研究发现SRI具有广泛的药理活性，包括抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗心律失常、抗病毒和镇痛等。近年来，SRI的抗病毒作用受到学者们的关注，迄今尚未见其抗病毒作用及机制的详细总结。由此，该文通过查阅和梳理近15年来关于SRI抗病毒的国内外文献报道，对SRI抗柯萨奇病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、乙型肝炎病毒、肠道病毒71等的抗病毒作用及机制进行归纳和总结，发现SRI对RNA和DNA病毒均具有良好抑制作用，能通过干扰病毒吸附、RNA复制、调节细胞因子及代谢产物发挥作用。同时，对SRI结构类似物的抗病毒机制研究进行了一定总结，提示SRI抗病毒作用的潜在机制尚可能与抑制病毒复制、提高免疫功能、抗氧化及抗炎等路径有关。该综述为SRI抗病毒方面的深入研究及临床应用提供了一定参考。     

鲜药金龙胶囊抗病毒作用的研究进展

目的探讨金龙胶囊对病毒性疾病的治疗作用。方法整理归纳近几年关于鲜药金龙胶囊抗病毒作用的相关文献。从整体水平、细胞生物学和分子生物学三个层面,对金龙胶囊的抗病毒作用进行概述。结果和结论金龙胶囊不仅具有良好的抗癌作用,而且对病毒也具有一定的抑制作用。金龙胶囊抗病毒作用为从免疫角度研究和寻找抗病毒中药,为中药抗病毒和由病毒引发的癌症的研究开拓了思路。     

茶色素的药理和临床研究

综述近年来茶色素在药理和临床研究方面的研究进展。研究表明，茶色素具有抗菌、抗病毒、抗氧化、免疫及抗肿瘤活性，特别在治疗心血管疾病方面具有显著疗效。     

酚霉脂酸作用机制的研究进展

酚霉脂酸(MMF)作为一种免疫抑制剂在临床上一直被广泛应用。随着对其研究的深入,人们发现MMF不仅在抗菌和抑制免疫排斥反应中发挥作用,而且还在抗癌、抗氧化、抗病毒和抗纤维化等方面具有很好的活性。对其作用机制的不断深入研究有助于临床的合理用药,为新药的开发和研究提供新的构思和技术途径。     

绛县艾滋病患者接受抗病毒治疗情况的调查研究

<正>高效抗逆转录病毒治疗(HAART)能有效抑制艾滋病病毒(HIV)复制并重建机体免疫功能[1],在延长患者寿命、提高生存质量等方面发挥了重要作用。但也有一部分患者因种种原因而终止了抗病毒治疗。现就绛县2004—2010年艾滋病患者终止抗病毒治疗的原因进行分析。     

Lack of carcinogenicity of lyophilized Agaricus blazei Murill in a F344 rat two year bioassay.

The Brazilian mushroom Agaricus blazei Murill has antimutagenic, antioxidant, immunostimulatory and antitumorigenic activities, and is increasingly consumed as a health food worldwide. We undertook the present study to evaluate the chronic toxicity and oncogenicity of A. blazei Murill in F344 rats. To establish a no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL), four treatment groups of 100 rats each (50 males and 50 females) were fed a powder diet containing lyophilized A. blazei aqueous extract at 0, 6250, 12,500, and 25,000 ppm for up to 2 years. During this period, there was no remarkable change in mean body weight, body weight gain, hematologic or serum chemistry parameters, or absolute or relative organ weights in control or treatment groups. Mortality in male treatment groups (26%, 16%, and 30%), however, was significantly lower than in controls (48%). Histopathological studies showed no increased incidence of tumors in any treatment group, and total tumor incidence across all groups was comparable to historical data. In conclusion, an A. blazei Murill lyophilized powder diet even at 25,000 ppm (1176 mg/kgb x w x /day for male rats and 1518 mg/kgb.w./day for female rats) resulted in no remarkable carcinogenic effects in F344 rats over a 2-year period. Therefore, the dietary NOAEL is 25,000 ppm.     

Variation of the antimutagenicity effects of water extracts of Agaricus blazei Murrill in vitro.

Agaricus blazei Murill, popularly known as "Sun Mushroom" or "Himematsutake", is native to Brazil. Nowadays, this mushroom has been target of great scientific interest due to its medical power and because it has shown antitumoral and immune modulatory properties. This work evaluated the mutagenic and antimutagenic potential from aqueous extracts prepared in different temperatures (4 degrees C, 25 degrees C and 60 degrees C) from the lineage AB 97/29 in two basidiocarp phases (young and sporulated) and from A. blazei commercialized in Londrina-PR-Brazil, named here as AB PR, and in Piedade-SP-Brazil, named as AB SP. Both micronucleus (MN) as comet assays were used. Chinese hamster lung V79 cells were treated in three antimutagenic experimental protocols: pre-, post- and simultaneous treatments, with the aqueous extracts of the A. blazei Murill and methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). The results suggested that under these circumstances of treatment, aqueous extracts of the A. blazei in both assays did not show any genotoxic potential. However, by the MN test, an antigenotoxic effect was shown against mutagenicity inducted by MMS for aqueous extracts at 60 degrees C of mushroom commercialized in Piedade- SP, in pre-, post- and simultaneous treatments and for AB PR only when used in pre-treatment. On the other hand, with comet assay, the results showed no protective effect in any case. The numbers indicated that different results can be get from A. blazei teas, and that not all of them seemed to be an efficient antimutagen against the induction of micronuclei by MMS.     

Anticlastogenic effect of aqueous extracts of Agaricus blazei on CHO-k1 cells, studying different developmental phases of the mushroom.

The Agaricus blazei Murill (ABM) mushroom, known as the sun mushroom, is native to Brazil and has become known for its medicinal properties. This study examined the anticlastogenic effect of Agaricus blazei in Chinese hamster ovary cells, CHO-k1, by means of a chromosome aberration test using methyl methanesulphonate (MMS, 10(-4)M) as the DNA damage inducing agent. Two mushroom lines were used, ABM 99/26 and ABM 97/11, and the latter was used in the young (Y) and sporulating (S) developmental phases. The cells were treated for 12 h with MMS alone or combined with aqueous extracts of A. blazei at a final concentration of 0.15%, which were prepared at three different temperatures: (a) hot (60 degrees C), (b) room temperature (25 degrees C) and (c) chilled (4 degrees C). Mushroom extracts showed a marked anticlastogenic effect against DNA damage, as evidenced by a decrease in the number of cells with breaks, regardless of the line used, or the developmental stage or the temperature at which the extract was prepared. Generally, the extracts were more effective in reducing the isochromatid type breaks. The data obtained suggest that extracts of A. blazei mushroom are anticlastogenic under the conditions tested, mainly during the G1 and S stages of the cell cycle, where chromosome breaks of the isochromatid type are produced by the MMS agent.     

巴西蘑菇Agaricus blazei Murill水溶性多糖的分离纯化

从巴西蘑菇子实体中提取的水溶性粗多糖经过脱蛋白、脱色等步骤获得半纯品多糖。依次采用DE—AB纤维素和Sepharose CL-4B柱层析进一步纯化后，获得5种水溶性多糖组分。其中主要组分AB-I、AB-Ⅱ-b和AB-Ⅲ-b得率分别为3．3％、1．52％、0．85％。Sephadex G-l00凝胶层析、旋光度和HPLC鉴定各组分已达到层析纯。     

不同来源的姬松茸菌体多糖含量的比较

本文对姬松茸鲜子实体粗多搪、干子实体粗多糖、深层发酵产生的菌丝体粗多糖进行了研究。采用苯酚-硫酸法,蒽酮-硫酸法两种方法进行比较,通过实验分析发现,姬松茸深层发酵的菌丝体中多糖含量最高,为其以后的液体发酵提供一定的理论基础。     

Coimmunization of Agaricus blazei Murill extract with hepatitis B virus core protein through DNA vaccine enhances cellular and humoral immune responses

DNA vaccines induce protective humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in several animal models. Agaricus blazei Murill (ABM) is particularly rich in polysaccharides, and has shown particularly strong results in treating and preventing cancers. The goal of this study was to investigate whether co-immunization of the fungus ABM with hepatitis B virus (HBV) core DNA vaccine could increase the immune responses. Compared with the control mice which received hepatitis B virus core antigen (HBcAg) alone, significant increase in not only the HBcAg-specific antibody response but also T cell proliferation was observed in mice which received HBcAg DNA vaccine plus ABM extract. These results suggest that ABM extract might represent an adjuvant to improve the efficacy of DNA vaccines in vivo.     

Effect of hot water extract from Agaricus blazei Murill on antibody-producing cells in mice

We investigated the immunopotentiating activities of boiled water-soluble extracts from desiccated Agaricus blazei Murill (ABM). Effect of ABM extract on antibody production was investigated by method of hemolytic plaque-forming cells (PFC) against sheep red blood cells (SRBC) antigen. ABM extracts significantly (p<0.01) increased the number of PFC in spleen with intraperitoneal administration at doses of 25 mg/kg as compared with control group. The populations of Mac-1- or CD25-positive cells significantly (p<0.01, p<0.001) increased, but in CD19-positive cells, there were no differences in ABM-treated mice as compared with control mice. The expressions of IL-6 and IL-1beta mRNA were augmented by ABM extract in both peritoneal macrophages and spleen cells. These results suggested that ABM extract might be an effective stimulator for T cell and macrophage to IL-1beta and IL-6 release, resulting in augmentation of antibody production against SRBC antigen.     

Possible reduction of hepatoma formation by Smmu 7721 cells in SCID mice and metastasis formation by B16F10 melanoma cells in C57BL/6 mice by Agaricus blazei murill extract

Agaricus blazei Murill extract (ABM) has been reported to possess antitumor effects. In this study, the role of ABM in tumor growth and metastasis in vivo was evaluated in experimental Smmu 7721 hepatoma cells in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice and B16F10 melanoma cells lung metastasis in C57BL/6 mice. For the tumor growth model, the size of the liver tumor mass was about 10 mm to 20 mm in the control group. In comparison with the control group, the tumor mass seem to grow slowly with ABM treatment, especially at the high dose. For the tumor metastasis model, after a six-week treatment, the survival rates of B6 mice were 0%, 30%, 10% and 50% for control group, low, median and high concentration ABM treatment groups, respectively. The survival rate showed that pretreatment of C57BL/6 (B6) mice with ABM lengthened their lifespan after tumor cell inoculation, which supports the notion that ABM successfully reduced lung metastasis formation by B16F10 melanoma cells. The treatment effect was dependent on the concentration of ABM for tumor growth and metastasis in these models.