外伤性白内障眼内SOD与LPO研究

采用ＴＢＡ比色法测定１５只家兔外伤性白内障眼组织脂质过氧化（ＬＰＯ）产物丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量变化；用发光法测定了超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）的含量变化。外伤眼的晶体、房水、玻璃体中ＭＤＡ的含量分别较正常对照高４．４倍，１．７６倍和１．６４倍。外伤眼晶体内ＳＯＤ活力较正常对照降低６．９２倍；外伤性白内障晶体中ＬＰＯ明显增强，抗氧化能力明显下降，而房水、玻璃体中ＬＰＯ和抗氧化程度均增强。证实自由基代谢紊乱     

超氧化物歧化酶对兔眼前节碱烧伤治疗的研究

兔眼前节碱烧伤后不同时间（４、２４和７２小时）房水中丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量与正常比较明显升高，而超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活力则明而下降；经结膜下注射外源性ＳＯＤ进行治疗，实验组房水ＭＤＡ含量与对照组比较显著下降，而ＳＯＤ活力则显著升高；实验织房水ＭＤＡ含量和ＳＯＤ活力呈高度负相关。结果提示：眼前节碱烧伤存在自由基反应紊乱，该紊乱可以通过早期补充外源性ＳＯＤ而得到纠正。     

兔晶体机械性创伤后超氧化物歧化酶活性和丙二醛含量的动…

对兔晶体机械性创伤后不同时间的ＳＯＤ活性和ＭＤＡ含量测定表明：创伤后第２１天内，实验组和对照组比较，ＳＯＤ活性显著性下降（Ｐ＜０．０１）、ＭＤＡ含量显著性升高（Ｐ＜０．０１），提示：晶体创伤后自由基代谢异常和脂质过氧化作用增强，是眼外伤并发症的重要病理过程。     

地塞米松对电光性眼炎防治作用的实验研究

本文对电光性眼炎家兔角膜上皮的超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性及脂质过氧化反应主要代谢产物丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量进行测量。发现紫外线照射后３小时ＳＯＤ活性降低，伴随上述改变，ＭＤＡ含量增高。用地塞米松在照射前、后滴眼，３小时检测ＳＯＤ和ＭＤＡ，发现其可保护ＳＯＤ，并降低ＭＤＡ含量。透射电镜下显示，角膜上皮细胞的变化主要在其底部细胞，以水肿性改变为主。实验结果提示自由基损伤在急性电光性眼炎的发生、发展过程中起了重要作用，地塞米松可减轻这种变化。     

兔眼晶体机械伤后谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性和丙二醛含量动态变化

兔眼晶体机械性损伤后不同时间测定谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ）活性和丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量，其结果表明：伤后８小时至２１天内，ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ活性较对照组明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０１），而ＭＤＡ含量则显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示晶体外伤后抗自由基及脂质过氧化作用降低，是导致ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ活性下降、ＭＤＡ含量升高和白内障形成的重要原因。     

眼前节碱烧伤后晶体超氧化物歧化酶,丙二醛含量变化与组织病理学改变

为探索眼前节碱烧伤后晶体自由基反应与组织病理学改变关系，以新西兰兔碱烧伤为实验模型，分别测定正常眼与烧伤后不同时间晶体ＭＤＡ含量与ＳＯＤ活力，并做烧伤后晶体光学观察。结果显示，烧伤后晶体ＭＤＡ含量均显著高于正常眼，ＳＯＤ活力均显著低于正常眼。组织病理学观察，晶体上皮细胞脱落，皮质呈团块凝集、空泡样及碎片样改变。提示碱烧伤性白内障形成与自由基反应有关。     

老年黄斑变性血浆过氧化脂质和红细胞超氧化物歧化酶测定的临床意义

对４２例ＡＭＤ和３６例正常对照组血浆过氧化脂质（ＬＰＯ）和红细胞超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性的测定。结果发现，ＡＭＤ患者血浆ＬＰＯ浓度显著高于，红细胞ＳＯＤ活性显著低于正常对照组（Ｐ〈０．００１）；湿性ＡＭＤ患者血浆ＬＰＯ浓度高于干性ＡＭＤ患者，差异有统计显著性（Ｐ〈０．０５）。揭示ＡＭＤ患者清除自由基（ＦＲ）的能力降低，测定血浆ＬＰＯ和红细胞ＳＯＤ对诊断和治疗ＡＭＤ具有重要意义。     

外源性SOD对兔急性高眼压致视网膜损伤保护作用的研究

目的探讨高眼压后活性氧自由基对视网膜组织的损伤情况及外源性超氧化物歧化酶（ｓｕｐｅｒｏｘｉｄｅｄｉｓｍｕｔａｓｅ,ＳＯＤ）对高眼压致视网膜损伤的保护作用。方法观察６．６７ｋＰａ（１ｋＰａ＝７．５ｍｍＨｇ）、维持１．５ｈ的高眼压解除２４ｈ内兔视网膜组织中脂质过氧化产物丙二醛（ｍａｌｏｎｄｉａｌｄｅｈｙｄｅ,ＭＤＡ）含量、ＳＯＤ活性、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ｇｌｕｔａｔｈｉｏｎｅｐｅｒｏｘｉｄａｓｅ,ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）活性和还原型谷胱甘肽（ＧＳＨ）含量的变化情况及球后注射Ｃｕ－Ｚｎ－ＳＯＤ对高眼压解除后１２ｈ时兔视网膜组织中ＭＤＡ含量和ＳＯＤ活性的影响。结果ＭＤＡ在高眼压解除后０～１２ｈ逐渐增加,１２～２４ｈ维持较高水平。ＳＯＤ活性和ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活性在高眼压解除即刻均低于正常水平,以后有不同程度增高,其中ＳＯＤ活性在高眼压解除４ｈ后又开始下降。ＧＳＨ在高眼压解除后２４ｈ内无明显变化。球后注射Ｃｕ－Ｚｎ－ＳＯＤ能减少兔视网膜组织中ＭＤＡ生成,增加ＳＯＤ活性。结论活性氧自由基参与了高眼压致视网膜损伤,球后注射大剂量ＳＯＤ对提高视网膜抗氧化损伤能力有积极意义。     

老年性白内障患者脂质过氧化反应的研究

目的 探讨脂质过氧化反应与老年性白内障的发病关系。方法 本文测定了３９例老年性白内障患者晶状体ＭＤＡ含量、ＳＯＤ活力;４８例血浆ＭＤＡ含量、红细胞ＳＯＤ活力,并以１２例正常人对照。结果 老年性白内障患者晶状体内ＭＤＡ含量高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５）,高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）,红细胞ＳＯＤ活力低于显著对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）,机体脂质过氧化水平明显升高。结论 自由基引发的脂质过氧化水平明显升高。结论     

牛磺酸对糖尿病性白内障防治的实验研究

目的探讨牛磺酸对链脲佐菌素（ＳＴＺ）诱导的大鼠糖尿病性白内障的防治效果。方法１４０只ＳＤ大鼠随机分为６组，实验组通过口服、点眼、结膜下注射等途径补充牛磺酸，定期观察晶状体的变化，测定血糖及晶状体中山梨醇、超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量并与对照组相比较。结果白内障时晶状体中山梨醇及ＭＤＡ含量显著增加，ＳＯＤ活力明显下降。各牛磺酸用药组晶状体中山梨醇含量无显著性改变，但ＳＯＤ活力明显增加，ＭＤＡ含量明显降低，白内障发生时间推迟，混浊程度减轻，全身应用牛磺酸还可以降低血糖。结论牛磺酸对ＳＴＺ诱导的糖尿病性白内障有一定的防治作用。     

Ocular chrysiasis: accumulation of gold in the rabbit eye

Gold entered the eye and was accumulated in the aqueous humor, iris-ciliary body, and cornea (measured by flameless atomic absorption spectroscopy) of rabbits given gold sodium thiomalate by subcutaneous infusion for 4 weeks. It was not detected following such exposure in the vitreous humor, lens or retina. The concentration of gold in the cornea was quite high, about 25% of that in the liver. The concentration in the aqueous humor was only about 2.5% of that in the plasma, which is similar to the fraction of gold (5%) that is not bound to plasma proteins.     

Copper concentration in cornea, iris, normal, and cataractous lenses and intraocular fluids of vertebrates

A method using electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy was developed for the determination of copper (Cu) concentration in the cornea, iris, and lens of a variety of species, including dog, cat, rabbit, horse, and toad. Previously described methods were used to determine Cu in aqueous and vitreous humor. There was little difference between copper levels in the same tissue or fluid across the species. However, there were age and pathology-related changes in Cu concentration of the aqueous humor, cornea, and lens. In the groups of older dogs, the Cu concentration of the aqueous humor and cornea is significantly lower than the two younger groups. In both the dog and rabbit, lenses from young animals have the lowest copper concentration which increases and then finally decreases with age. Canine hypermature cataracts have a significantly higher copper concentration than control dogs of all age groups. There was no correlation between Cu concentration in the intraocular fluids and the cataractous lenses taken from the same eye. The role such an increase in lenticular Cu concentration may play in cataractogenesis needs to be explored.     

实验性电离辐射白内障及其微量元素研究

采用20Gy~(60)Coγ射线一次性照射新西兰幼兔双眼,动态观察了兔眼电离辐射损伤后的全身反应及眼部改变,着重探讨电离辐射白内障的形态特点、房水性状及房水、晶体、玻璃体、虹膜睫状体和血清的微量元素变化。结果表明,照射后第11周实验组动物全部发生典型的辐射性白内障,且晶体和血清处于明显的低锌高铜状态,房水锌铜显著降低,玻璃体和虹膜睫状体的锌铜显著增高。作者提出电离辐射白内障时晶体锌铜反向代谢途径假说。     

Histochemical localization of intraocular copper foreign bodies.

Alizarin blue, rhodanine, and rubeanic acid stains cytochemically localized copper in rabbit eyes harboring intravitreal copper foreign bodies of varying copper composition. Local deposition presented in small amounts in areas adjacent to the foreign body (fibrous capsule, adjacent retina, and surrounding macrophages). The localized pattern was more frequent with the 60% copper alloy, when the foreign body was encapsulated or shiny, and when the aqueous copper concentration was normal. The generalized pattern of copper deposition revealed moderate to marked amounts of copper within the following multiple intraocular structures: (1) the posterior cortex of the lens, (2) the vitreous cavity, either in free-floating macrophages or in macrophages on the surface of the retina, (3) the retina, either within monocytic macrophages, Müller cells, or extracellularly in granular clumps, and (4) the fibrous capsule around the foreign body. Copper in several eyes was observed within macrophages that were clustered around the central retinal vessels within the optic nerve. The generalized pattern was frequent with the pure copper foreign body, when the copper foreign body was tarnished, and when copper concentration of the aqueous humor was elevated. There was a direct toxic effect of copper on the lens in the form of local opacification in the posterior cortex but no clinical or histochemical evidence of a Kayser-Fleisher ring or a sunflower cataract.     

醋酸强的松龙滴眼后在兔眼内的分布

目的观察醋酸强的松龙短期和长期滴眼后在兔眼多种组织中的分布。方法用1g.L-1醋酸强的松龙滴眼液分1d内数次或连续29d长期滴兔眼,分别于滴眼后15min、30min、60min、120min和29d取材,高效液相色谱法测定角膜、房水、晶状体、玻璃体和血液中的激素含量。结果1g.L-1醋酸强的松龙滴眼液滴眼后兔眼不同组织和血液中的激素分布随时间而变化,无论短期或长期连续滴眼在角膜和房水中均获得较高的激素含量,血液和玻璃体中亦有少量进入。短期滴眼后,仅在晶状体赤道和前皮质有少量激素进入,长期局部滴眼时在晶状体各部位均有蓄积。结论1g.L-1醋酸强的松龙局部滴眼后易进入角膜和房水。此结果有助于了解眼部激素治疗和并发症发生的关系。     

Oxygen distribution in the rabbit eye and oxygen consumption by the lens

PURPOSE: Excessive exposure to oxygen has been proposed to be a risk factor for nuclear cataracts. For a better understanding of the metabolism of oxygen in the eye, oxygen distribution was mapped in the intraocular fluids, and the rate of oxygen consumption by the lens in rabbits breathing different levels of oxygen was calculated. METHODS: Young albino rabbits were anesthetized, intubated, and exposed to normoxic, hypoxic, or hyperoxic conditions. The hemoglobin saturation of the blood was monitored with a pulse oximeter, and arterial oxygen levels were measured with a blood gas analyzer. A fiberoptic optical oxygen sensor (optode) was used to determine oxygen levels in different regions of the eye. Oxygen flux across the posterior of the lens was calculated from the measured oxygen gradients in the vitreous chamber. RESULTS: Oxygen levels in the ocular fluids changed markedly when rabbits breathed air made hypoxic or hyperoxic. Oxygen levels were highest near the retinal vasculature, the iris vasculature, and the inner surface of the central cornea. Compared with nearby regions, oxygen levels were decreased in the aqueous humor closest to the pars plicata of the ciliary body and near the anterior chamber angle. Oxygen levels were generally lower closer to the lens. From the oxygen gradients in the vitreous body, oxygen consumption by the posterior half of the lens was calculated to be 0.2 to 0.4 microL/h under normoxic conditions. Oxygen consumption by the posterior of the lens increased in proportion to the amount of oxygen supplied. CONCLUSIONS: Intraocular oxygen is mostly derived from the retinal and iris vasculature and by diffusion across the cornea. Freshly secreted aqueous humor and the aqueous humor in the anterior chamber angle are relatively depleted of oxygen. The marked increase in oxygen consumption that occurs when the lens is exposed to increased oxygen is likely to result in the production of higher levels of reactive oxygen species and may provide a link between elevated oxygen levels and the risk of nuclear cataracts.     

老年性白内障血、房水、晶体核中抗氧化酶和抗氧化物研究

目的：了解抗氧化酶和抗氧化物之间的关系及其在老年性白内障形成中的作用。方法：随机取符合条件的老年性白内障４４例（４４眼）,男２３例,妇女１例,平均年龄６７．７岁。用黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定超氧化物歧化酶（Ｓｕｐｅｒｏｘｉｄｅ ｄｉｓｍｕｔａｓｅ,ＳＯＤ）、丙二醛（Ｍａｌｏｎｄｉａｌｄｅｈｙｄｅ ＭＤＡ）用巴比妥酸反应比色法测定,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（Ｇｌｕｔａｔｈｉｏｎｅ－Ｐｅｒｏｘｉｄｅ,ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ）     

老年性白内障患者血清及房水中SOD、MDA表达与后囊膜混浊的关系

目的　探究老年性白内障患者血清及房水中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）表达与后囊膜混浊的关系。方法　选取2017年5月至2021年4月我院收治的200例（200眼）老年性白内障患者作为观察组,另选取同期健康体检者60名（60眼）作为对照组。比较两组受检者血清及房水中SOD、MDA表达,并评价受检者血清及房水中SOD、MDA对老年性白内障的诊断价值,分析老年性白内障患者术后后囊膜混浊发病的影响因素。结果　观察组患者血清及房水中SOD表达均较对照组低,血清及房水中MDA表达均较对照组高（均为P<0.05）。血清及房水中SOD、MDA联合诊断老年性白内障的AUC最大,为0.914（95%CI:0.873～0.945）,敏感度为86.67%,特异度为82.00%。年龄,人工晶状体材料,血清及房水中SOD、MDA含量手术前后差值绝对值均为老年性白内障患者术后后囊膜混浊发生的独立影响因素（均为P<0.05）。结论　老年性白内障患者血清及房水中SOD、MDA含量均存在一定变化,检测其表达水平,可为疾病诊断及术后后囊膜混浊预测提供参考依据。     

Lens crystallins in aqueous and vitreous humor in selenite overdose cataract

The purpose of this research was to determine if crystallins were released from the lens into the aqueous and vitreous humor in selenite-overdose cataract. At 20 days post injection, aqueous and vitreous were obtained from lenses containing nuclear cataract or "mature" cataract (nuclear and cortical opacities). Humors were analyzed by direct ELISA and immunoblotting using antibodies against lens crystallins. Both types of selenite cataract showed increased alpha-, beta- and gamma-crystallins in aqueous and vitreous. Increases in crystallins in vitreous humor were larger than in aqueous humor, possibly because of slower turnover of vitreous. Extensive membrane damage in selenite cataract probably caused leakage of crystallins from the lens to aqueous and vitreous humors. This model may be useful for studies on the immunologic response of the body to lens crystallins released by cataract.     

The pathochemistry of the diabetic process in the eye based on data on experimental hyperglycemia (alloxan diabetes)

The paper describes results after a study of pathochemical disturbances of diabetic hyperglycemia on a model of alloxan diabetes. Sugar and amino nitrogen contents in the aqueous humor of the anterior chamber, anterior and posterior segments of the crystalline lens, the iris, ciliary body, choroid and the retina were studied and the data obtained were compared with quantitative contents of sugar and amino nitrogen in the eliminate from the eyes of experimental animals. High amounts of sugar and amino nitrogen, infrequently exceeding 2-3 times in controls, were found to appear in the aqueous humor of the anterior chamber, the crystalline lens, the vitreous body. In all tests the sugar and amino nitrogen contents in the posterior segment of the lens was 10-12% higher than in its anterior segment. The data obtained about accumulation of sugar and amino nitrogen mainly in tissues and media of the eye (the lens, the vitreous) affected by diabetic process already at its early stages widen the knowledge about pathogenesis of the process and peculiarities of its pathochemistry.