穿孔性角膜移植术治疗圆锥角膜

本文报道２４例２９眼圆锥角膜行穿透性角膜移植术治疗并随访０．５－６年，植片透明率达到１００％，免疫排斥率为６．３％，术后８０％矫正视力≥０．４，其中２眼术后裸眼视力分别为０．８和０．９，矫正视力达１．０。     

接触镜对101例圆锥角膜的矫正与治疗

目的：探讨透气性硬性接触镜（ＲＧＰＣＬ）对圆锥角膜眼的视力矫正与治疗效果。方法：观察１０１ 例圆锥角膜,选择配戴ＲＧＰＣＬ的病例,对其中角膜变形严重无法单独使用ＲＧＰＣＬ的７ 只眼采用了Ｐｉｇｇｙｂａｃｋ ｌｅｎｓ（软性接触镜与硬性接触镜的组合使用）。随访时间１～２４ 个月。结果：以轻、中度圆锥角膜为主,处方ＲＧＰＣＬ的基础曲率半径绝大多数大于７．３０ｍｍ ,度数小于－ ６．００Ｄ。ＲＧＰＣＬ矫正视力达１．０、１．２ 的占４８ ％ ,０．６ 以上的达８２％ ,明显优于框架眼镜。戴镜时间每日平均１３．５ 小时,无明显角结膜并发症出现。ＲＧＰＣＬ戴用后角膜散光度平均减少１．７０～２．２１Ｄ,近视度平均降低０．７５ ～２ ．１０Ｄ,角膜形状明显扁平化。Ｐｉｇｇｙｂａｃｋｌｅｎｓ 明显改善了配适状态,提高了矫正视力和舒适度。结论：ＲＧＰＣＬ对圆锥角膜的高度屈光不正矫正效果良好。在严密观察下,可对重症病例选择使用Ｐｉｇｇｙｂａｃｋｌｅｎｓ。     

后圆锥角膜1例

后圆锥角膜１例中山眼科中心眼科医院凌运兰，陈家祺角膜后圆锥是角膜后表面向前凸，１９３０年由Ｂｕｔｌｅｒ首次报导［１］．国内湖南杜岱雪８２年曾报告１例Ｋａｙｅｒ－Ｆｌｅｉｃｈｅｒ角膜环合并局限性后圆锥角膜［２］。于９２年２月我们在门诊遇到１例，报告如下...     

LASIK术后角膜瓣融解致角膜瓣去除一例

患者男性，２０岁，右眼视力０．１２，－５．０　ＤＳ＝１．２，左眼视力０．１，－３．７５　ＤＳ　　－１．０　ＤＣ×５°＝１．２。角膜中央厚度：右５７４　μｍ，左眼５８５　μｍ，按常规行ＬＡＳＩＫ手术，角膜瓣厚度１６０　μｍ，直径为８．５　ｍｍ。术中不慎损伤右眼角膜瓣下方５∶００～７∶００位角膜瓣缘的上皮。术后左眼无异常，右眼疼痛流泪。第２天复查，左眼视力１．０，右眼视力０．１２，试镜无提高。损伤的角膜上皮未完全愈合，角膜瓣略向鼻侧移位，当日在表麻下行角膜瓣复位术。第３天右眼角膜上皮愈合，对位良好，…     

准分子激光散光性角膜切削术治疗复合近视散光

为评价准分子激光散光性角膜切削术（ｐｈｏｔｏａｓｔｉｇｍａｔｉｃ－ｒｅｆｒａｃｔｉｖｅｋｅｒａｔｅｃｔｏｍｙ，ＰＡＲＫ）治疗复合性近视散光的效果，采用ｋｅｒ－ａｔｏｍⅠ型准分子激光机，利用准分子激光对角膜浅表层的椭圆形切削，共对５７例８２只复合近视散光眼行治疗，随访１年以上。术前近视球镜平均为－６．２３±２．５０Ｄ，散光为－１．４７±０．８２Ｄ，角膜散光为１．２１±０．４８Ｄ，最佳矫正视力为０．９７±０．１５。结果：术后视力和屈光状态在３～６个月趋于稳定，术后１年随访，近视平均为－０．５２±１．００Ｄ，散光为－０．４３±０．４３Ｄ，相比术前散光平均降低７０．７％；在术前散光≤０．７５Ｄ、１．００～１．７５Ｄ及≥２．００Ｄ三组中，其术后散光分别比术前降低６０．３％、７０．０％和７４．９％，术后角膜散光平均为０．７２±０．２７Ｄ，比术前降低４０．５％；术后裸眼视力：９０．２％达到０．５或以上，７２％达到０．８或以上。无严重手术并发症。结论：ＰＡＲＫ是矫治散光的有效安全方法，主要用于矫正由规则对称角膜散光引起的复合近视散光     

准分子激光角膜切削术治疗角膜表面镜片术后散光

评价准分子激光角膜切削术治疗角膜表面镜片术后散光的效果。采用Ｃｏｈｅｒｅｎｔ产ＳＣＨＷＩＮＤＫＥＲＡＴＯＭ准分子激光治疗系统对８例１２只眼角膜表面镜片术后散光进行治疗，均为圆锥角膜术后病例，术前柱镜屈光度为－１．７５—－１０．００Ｄ，平均－５．４９Ｄ±３．２１Ｄ。术后随访６—１５月，平均１１．８月，显示裸眼视力均明显提高，矫正视力与术前相比提高者７只眼（５８．３３％）。柱镜平均屈光度由－５．４９Ｄ下降至－２．７７Ｄ，均无明显术后痛疼，术后角膜雾状混浊均不显著。说明准分子激光角膜切削术可有效地治疗角膜表面镜片术后的角膜散光，能显著地提高角膜表面镜片术治疗圆锥角膜的最终效果。     

经角膜切口行滤过术后的白内障摘出术

５６例具有功能性滤过泡的青光眼患者，在上方清亮角膜切口分别行白内障冷摘出术７例和白内障囊外摘出联合人工晶体植入术４９例。术后１周内２例有暂时性眼压升高。术后６个月，５６例患者眼压在１．７８￣２．７４ｋＰａ５６例，５６例中４２例矫正视力０．５以上，９例在０．１￣０．５之间，５例视力不提高；散光值在０￣＋２．５０Ｄ之间。     

放射状角膜切开术的远期效果观察

采用国际通用标准的放射状角膜切开术（ｒａｄｉａｌｋｅｒａｔｏｔｏｍｙ，ＲＫ）器械和设备对近视平均－５．４８Ｄ的１５５例（２８５只眼）行ＲＫ。对角膜散光超过１．００Ｄ者，联合行１～２对旗状横切口矫正散光。并对术后４～５年患者随访观察。结果表明，角膜屈光力平均降低３．９８Ｄ，角膜散光由术前平均０．６８Ｄ降至０．３６Ｄ，等效球镜平均降低－４．７４Ｄ。正视率、过矫率和低矫率分别为７０．７％、１５．５％及１３．８％。最佳矫正视力下降２行以上者占３．４％。裸眼视力≥１．０者占６３．８％，≥０．６者占８９．７％。并发症中角膜微切穿及视力波动发生率分别为４．６％和３４．１％。眩目发生率为８．８％，６个月后降至１．８％。术后１～２年，光学区内皮细胞丧失率平均为６．２％。     

表面角膜镜片术治疗有中央视区瘢痕的圆锥角膜

应用自制的表面角膜镜片对５例已有中央视区瘢痕的中晚期圆锥角膜者施行表面角膜镜片术，术中对４例行前房穿刺，降低眼压，以便充分地压平角膜圆锥，减低近视。结果：术后表面镜片上皮在３￣６天内完全再生，经过平均１１个月的随访，术后裸眼视力较术前提高１￣５行，平均３行。矫正视力较术前提高４￣７行，平均５行。近视较术前减少５￣１５．５Ｄ，平均１１．０Ｄ。讨论：根据本组５例的手术治疗结果，证实对于中央视区有较薄瘢     

保守治疗圆锥角膜3例

１临床资料１．１一般资料３例中，男２例，女１例，双眼２例，单眼１例。有近视史，视力严重减退就诊。眼科检查：５眼视力低于正常，４．０以下２眼，４．５以下３眼，２眼矫正不能提高，３眼提高４．８～５．１，角膜尖顶状变薄透明２眼，角膜中央混浊３眼，见Ｍｕｎｓｏｎ征阳性、Ｄｅｓｃｅｍｅｔ膜破裂、Ｆｌｅｉｓｃｈｅｒ环，角膜未混浊。眼检影几眼底反光漩涡式冲突状影，其中１例患“甲状腺机能亢进”，余全身无异常。１．２治疗方法３例均给予氯强眼药水滴患眼，１０ｍｉｎ１次。６次后结膜囊涂四环素可的松眼膏，用眼垫轻加压包…     

Results of penetrating keratoplasty after epikeratophakia for keratoconus in the nationwide study

In the Nationwide Study of Epikeratophakia, 22 eyes underwent penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) after epikeratophakia for keratoconus. Reasons for PKP included visual acuity unsatisfactory to the patients (6 eyes), recipient corneal scarring (4 eyes), recipient Descemet's folds (3 eyes), scarring in the tissue lens (2 eyes), vascularization of the tissue lens (2 eyes), astigmatism (2 eyes), failure of the tissue lens to reepithelialize (1 eye), corneal ulcer (1 eye), and scarring of the donor and recipient cornea (1 eye). After PKP, all patients had clear grafts and 20/40 or better visual acuity. Average follow-up was 17 months. Three of the 22 patients (13.6%) had graft reaction episodes, all of which were treated successfully, resulting in clear grafts. The authors conclude that previous epikeratophakia does not adversely affect the outcome of subsequent PKP for keratoconus.     

Corneal sensitivity after epikeratophakia

Corneal sensitivity was tested in 60 eyes of 30 patients who underwent unilateral epikeratophakia for the correction of aphakia (20 patients) or keratoconus (10 patients). Postoperative recovery time ranged from 2 months to 21 months (mean: 10 months). Our results indicate a relative hypesthesia of the epikeratophakia lenticule when compared with the peripheral host cornea and contralateral control cornea. However, corneal sensitivity tested in 11 patients with more than 1 year follow-up was increased compared with the sensitivity of 19 patients whose postoperative recovery was less than 1 year. Histopathologic findings in two lenticules from a nonhuman primate demonstrated sparse epithelial axon terminals. Host corneal nerves appear to innervate the lenticules by intraepithelial extension and by penetration of the superficial keratectomy scar.     

Long-term functional and topographic results seven years after epikeratophakia for keratoconus

PURPOSE: To analyze the long-term effect of epikeratophakia (EKP) on corneal topography and visual acuity of eyes with keratoconus. METHODS: Retrospective study of 36 eyes 7.2 years after EKP. Four eyes underwent penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) and were excluded from further evaluation. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) values were obtained from 32 eyes, corneal refraction and astigmatism from 23 eyes, surface asymmetry index (SAI) and surface regularity index (SRI) from 17 consecutive eyes that were operated upon after 1991, when the Tomey Topographic Modeling System became available. RESULTS: Only four eyes needed PKP. In addition to EKP six eyes had compression sutures and/or relaxing incisions, and one eye underwent photorefractive keratectomy. Mean refractive power of the cornea decreased from 51.8 to 45.8 and astigmatism from 7.2 to 3.8. SAI improved from 3.2 to 0.9 and SRI from 3.7 to 0.9. Mean BCVA was 0.3 preoperatively and 0.6 upon last follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: EKP was able to render PKP unnecessary in 32 of 36 eyes during the entire observation period. It was successful in permanently flattening the ectatic cornea and reducing astigmatism while restoring a symmetrical and smooth corneal surface. As a result, visual acuity improved considerably. In view of the young age of keratoconus patients needing surgery, and the fact that the lifetime of full-thickness corneal grafts is limited, EKP should be considered a valuable alternative to PKP in contact-lens-intolerant cases of keratoconus without central scarring.     

表面角膜镜片术的动物实验研究

本文通过兔眼表面角膜镜片术的临床和组织学观察，证实表面角膜镜片由受体角膜上皮和角膜细胞所代替，不引起税区瘢痕。此手术具有安全、简便、有效等优点，在国内外有用于治疗无晶体眼、圆锥角膜和高度近视等报告。     

One-year follow-up of epikeratophakia for keratoconus

We report 1-year follow-up findings on 42 of the first epikeratophakia procedures performed for keratoconus at the Helsinki University Central Hospital. Altogether 40 patients (42 eyes) received epikeratophakia grafts to flatten their cones. The age of the patients ranged between 19 and 44 years. The mean follow-up for these patients was 10.7 ± 4.4 months, and in 12 patients follow-up extended to over 12 months. Overall, the success rate for the procedure was 93%, and with repeated surgery it was 97% for all patients; in all patients uncorrected visual acuity improved. Preoperatively 82% of the patients had uncorrected acuity worse than 20/400, while all patients followed for 1 year had uncorrected visual acuity better than 20/400. At 6 and 12 months postoperatively best corrected visual acuities were all returned to within one line of their preoperative best corrected acuity; in 83% acuities were 20/40 or better 12 months postoperatively. Four patients out of 12 followed for 1 year needed no postoperative overrefraction at all. The mean flattening by keratometry readings was 9.8 diopters (D) and the mean decrease in myopia in terms of spherical equivalent was 5.3 D. The degree of irregular astigmatism was measured in five cases using LSU topographical corneal shape analysis, and showed that the mean preoperative irregular astigmatism of 3.9 D was reduced to 1.3 D in the long-term analysis. One case report is presented to show in detail the topographical changes induced by epikeratophakia in keratoconus. The noninvasive nature of the epikeratophakia procedure makes it a safe and desirable option for the treatment of keratoconus.This research was supported in part by grants from the Juselius Foundation and by the Finnish Eye and Tissue Bank Foundation, Finland     

Corneal grafting for keratoconus in mentally retarded patients.

PURPOSE: To compare the results of penetrating and non-penetrating corneal grafting procedures in mentally retarded keratoconus patients. METHODS: In the years 1974-2000 41 mentally retarded patients with keratoconus (33 with Down syndrome) were operated with corneal grafting. Mean age at operation was 36.7+/-10.8 years. Three different surgical procedures were used (no randomization): penetrating keratoplasty (n=16), lamellar keratoplasty (n=5) and epikeratophakia (n=20). In a retrospective study, the non-penetrating procedures (lamellar keratoplasty and epikeratophakia) were compared to the penetrating keratoplasties with regard to graft survival and frequency of serious complications. Mean follow-up time of all grafting procedures was 80+/-58 months. RESULTS: All cases of serious complications (irreversible rejection, wound leakage or perforation) occurred in the penetrating keratoplasty group (p=0.0005). Older age at operation (p=0.011) adversely influenced the frequency of serious complications. Overall five-year survival was 74.9%. Graft survival was not related to surgical procedure, but rather to age at operation (poorer survival in older age, p=0.012) and degree of retardation (poorer survival in patients with more severe retardation, p=0.051). CONCLUSIONS: Because of the safety and low frequency of complications, epikeratophakia is recommended as the grafting procedure of choice in the majority of mentally retarded with keratoconus. In selected cases (good cooperation, age < or =40 years, and a good peripheral corneal thickness) penetrating keratoplasty may be performed, which, if uncomplicated, often will give better functional/optical results.     

准分子激光角膜切削术治疗圆锥角膜行角膜表层镜片术后的屈光不正

目的探讨角膜表层镜片术（EP）联合Ⅱ期准分子激光角膜切削术（PRK）治疗圆锥角膜完成期的临床疗效。方法（1）病例入选标准：①EP入选标准：圆锥角膜完成期患者,角膜中央区无瘢痕,最佳矫正视力（BCVA）≤0．3,角膜曲率≤60．0D;②Ⅱ期行PRK入选标准：角膜拆线后3个月内散光变化〈0．5D,年龄〉18岁,无其他眼部疾病。（2）手术治疗：对进入手术入选标准的患者常规Ⅰ期行EP,Ⅱ期行PRK。（3）术后随访：观察术后植片情况,记录视力、散光变化及并发症发生情况。结果8例（10只眼）患者接受了Ⅰ期EP联合Ⅱ期PRK,术后平均随访时间为40．6（30～94）个月。（1）视力：EP术后12～18个月（角膜全拆线行PRK术前）,10只眼BCVA均〉0．3,其中0．3～0．5者1只眼,≥0．5者9只眼;行PRK术后〉12个月,10只眼BCVA均≥0．5,其中5只眼BCVA达到1．0。（2）角膜散光：EP术前平均角膜散光为（7．3±1．8）D,EP术后12～18个月平均角膜散光为（3．8±1．6）D,PRK术后24个月以上,平均角膜散光为（1．6±0．9）D。（3）植片情况：EP术后所有植片透明,无免疫排斥反应发生。PRK术后1只眼发生0．5级的角膜上皮下雾状混浊,未见圆锥角膜复发。（4）术后并发症与处理：1例（1只眼）患者EP术后当天继发青光眼,前房消失,急诊行前房重建后缓解;1例（1只眼）患者EP术后植床出现较大皱褶,1例（1只眼）患者EP术后3个月内缝线松动,行植片重缝后缓解。结论Ⅰ期EP联合Ⅱ期PRK可能是治疗圆锥角膜完成期的有效方法,行PRK术后视力长期稳定。     

OrbscanⅡ在准分子激光角膜屈光手术中应用的研究

目的评价OrbscanⅡ存准分子激光角膜屈光手术中的应用价值。方法对拟行准分子激光手术的600例（1196眼）,术前行OrbscanⅡ检查,以排除圆锥角膜、可疑圆锥角膜及中央角膜厚度过薄不适宜行LASIK手术者;术后检查200例（400眼）,了解有无偏心切削、中央岛等情况。结果术前查出网锥角膜（5例）10眼,占0．84％;角膜偏薄56眼,占4．68％。术后查出偏心切削9眼,占2．25％,未发现中央岛。结论OrbscanⅡ是角膜屈光手术前重要的检查手段,对手术方案的设计及术后效果的评价提供了重要依据。[1]     

Long-term outcomes of photorefractive keratectomy in eyes with previous epikeratophakia for keratoconus

PURPOSE: To determine the long-term safety and effectiveness of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in the treatment of refractive errors after epikeratophakia (EP) for keratoconus. METHODS: Ten patients (14 eyes) who had refractive errors after EP for keratoconus received PRK surgery. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), refractive error, corneal astigmatism, pachymetry, corneal topography, and complications were monitored. RESULTS: Mean follow-up after PRK was 63.4 +/- 19.8 months. Mean spherical equivalent was -5.5 +/- 3.9 D before PRK, -0.9 +/- 0.5 D at 1 month after PRK, and -1.5 +/- 1.0 D at 3 years. Mean astigmatism was 4.2 +/- 2.1 D before PRK, 1.2 +/- 0.5 D at 1 month after PRK, and 1.5 +/- 0.6 D at 3 years. Thirteen (93%) eyes had an UCVA <20/40, and 12 (86%) had a BSCVA of 20/40 or better before PRK. At 1 year, the UCVA was 20/40 or better in 8 (57%) eyes, and the BSCVA was 20/40 or better in all eyes. Mean central corneal thickness was 749 +/- 35 microm before PRK and 621 +/- 56 mum at 3 years. During the follow-up period, haze (grade no more than 1.0) was observed in 2 eyes. No immune rejection episode or recurrent keratoconus was found. CONCLUSIONS: PRK appears to be reliable and safe for the correction of residual ametropia after EP for keratoconus, and the visual acuity can remain stable after PRK for a long time.