中药内障清口服液对SD大鼠硒性白内障抗氧化作用机理的研究

为探讨中药内障清口服液对老年性白内障抗氧化作用的机理，本实验采用亚硒酸钠溶液诱发白内障动物模型，定期用裂隙灯显微镜观察晶状体混浊情况，检测晶状体中超氧化物歧化酶的活性、脂质过氧化含量和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活力。结果表明：内障清口服液能延缓治疗组发病过程，与对照组比较有非常显著性差异。它不仅能显著提高超氧物歧化酶的活性和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活力，还能降解脂质过氧化产物以及清除活性氧自由基，从而保护晶体细胞免受氧化损害，达到防治老年性白内障的目的     

平阳霉素诱发大鼠白内障机理的ESR研究

采用间日皮下注射平阳霉素(Pingyangmycin)诱发大鼠白内障模型,观察到在白内障晶状体的脂质过氧化过程中,其MDA水平显著升高,GSH-Px酶活性和SOD酶活性显著降低,在-130℃的低温下,运用电子自旋共振(ESR)技术直接测定了该体系诱发的大鼠白内障晶状体的脂质过氧自由基的信号。这是首次用ESR证实动物白内障晶状体内存在脂质过氧自由基,这个结果进一步表明,大鼠白内障机理为活性氧自由基机理。     

平阳霉素诱发大鼠白内障机更换ESR研究

采用间日皮下注射平阳霉素（Pingyangmycin)诱发大鼠白内障模型，观察到在白内障晶状体的脂质过氧化过程中，其MDA水平显著升高，GSH-Px酶活性和SOD酶活性显著降低，在-130℃的低温下，运用电子自旋共振（ESR）技术直接测定了该体系诱发的大鼠白内障晶状体的脂质过氧自由基的信号，这是首次用ESR证实动物白内障晶状体内存在脂质过氧自由基，这个结果进一步表明，大鼠白内陆间机理为活性氧自由基机理。     

老年性白内障患者脂质过氧化反应的研究

目的 探讨脂质过氧化反应与老年性白内障的发病关系。方法 本文测定了３９例老年性白内障患者晶状体ＭＤＡ含量、ＳＯＤ活力;４８例血浆ＭＤＡ含量、红细胞ＳＯＤ活力,并以１２例正常人对照。结果 老年性白内障患者晶状体内ＭＤＡ含量高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５）,高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）,红细胞ＳＯＤ活力低于显著对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）,机体脂质过氧化水平明显升高。结论 自由基引发的脂质过氧化水平明显升高。结论     

决明退障丸对亚硒酸钠性白内障大鼠晶状体中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶活性的影响

目的 探讨中药决明退障丸对硒性白内障大鼠晶状体脂质过氧化反应的抑制作用及其机制，寻求决明退障丸治疗老年性白内障的疗效机制。方法 参照张家萍等学者亚硒酸钠性白内障大鼠模型制作方法和不同时段（造模10天、20天、30天、40天）晶状体混浊程度裂隙灯显微镜分级记分，以及化学比色法测定晶状体谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH～Px）、6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶（G-6-PD）含量的方法，对80只Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型对照组、中药预防组和中药治疗组同时进行中药预防和治疗作用的比较研究。结果 注射亚硒酸钠后，大鼠晶状体混浊程度分级记分不断增高，GSH-Px、G-6-PD活性逐渐降低，与正常晶状体比较差异有显著性（P〈0．001或P〈0．05）。中药预防组和中药治疗组晶状体混浊程度分级记分明显低于模型对照组，而GSH-Px、G-6-PD活性则明显高于模型对照组（P〈0．05或P〈0．001），其中以中药预防组作用优于治疗组（P〈0．05），其造模40天的GSH-Px、G-6-PD活性接近正常对照组水平（P〉0．05）。结论 决明退障丸具有明显的阻抑大鼠晶状体混浊发生发展的作用，能显著提高和恢复GSH-Px、G-6-PD活性，增强晶状体的抗氧化能力，阻止氧自由基连锁反应，抑制硒性白内障的形成，以早期预防用药作用更为突出，决明退障丸防治白内障的作用机制可能与其提高晶状体抗氧化损伤能力，清除氧自由基，抑制脂质过氧化反应有关。     

老年性白内障患者血GSH—Px与LPO测定

测定１０１例老年性白内障患者及正常同龄人血中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）的活性及脂质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）的含量，了解老年性白内障患者机体的抗过氧化能力及脂质过氧化反应的程度，探讨老年性白内障的发病机制。１．人群分组：①正常组：５０～７０岁的老年人...     

晶状体虹样反光对老年性白内障早期诊断意义的探讨

晶状体虹样反光(iridescence)体征,首先发现于铜睛症晶状体,以后又见于正常高龄晶状体及老年性白内障晶状体。本文对虹样反光在正常眼及老年性白内障晶状体的出现情况,作了系统观察,就其对老年性白内障早期诊断的意义,作了初步分析,探讨。     

老年性白内障的氧化损伤与酶组织化学观察

研究老年性白内障晶状体上皮酶活性变化和氧化损伤对培养的牛晶状体上皮细胞酶活性的影响。方法：1取老年性白内障晶状体和正常透明晶状体进行酶组织化学染色，观察SDH，LDH，G6PD，ATPase活性的变化。2观察培养牛晶状体上皮细胞氧化损伤后及维生素C治疗后SDH，LDH，G6PD活性的改变。结果：1老年性白内障SDH，LDH，G6PD，ATPase活性降低。2培养的牛晶状体上此细胞经过氧化损伤后SDH，LDH，G6PD活性显降低，维生素C可使酶活性显提高，结论：氧化损伤使能量产生减少，可能是白内障发生的原因之一，维生素C对氧化损伤具有部分保护作用。     

老年性和糖尿病性白内障晶状体上皮细胞的超微结构改变

目的 观察正常人，老年性白内障、糖尿病性白内障晶状体上皮细胞的超微结构，探讨细胞凋亡在白内障发生中的作用。方法 收集正常人、老年性白内障、糖尿病性白内障晶状体前囊膜送透射电镜扫描，取老年性白内障和糖尿病性白内障前囊膜各15例，用脱氧核苷酸末端转移酶缺口标记原位细胞检测法，检测晶状体上皮细胞的凋亡细胞。结果 老年性和糖尿病性白内障晶状体上细胞的超微结构在形态上为扁平状，胞浆出现空泡变性，胞核出现固缩，染色质边聚，浓缩等改变。糖尿病性白内障晶状体上皮细胞的胞浆空泡变性更加严重。在光镜下老年性和糖尿病性白内障的晶状体上皮均有凋亡细胞。结论 老年性白内障和糖尿病性白内障的发生与晶状体上皮的细胞凋亡密切相关。     

透明晶状体及老年性白内障晶状体脂质分析

老年性白内障系眼科常见病、多发病,致盲率甚高。目前其发生原因,尚不十分清楚。我们于1984～1985年间对透明晶状体和白内障晶状体脂质和胆固醇作了检测,目的是分析透明晶状体与白内障晶状体脂质代谢的情况,探讨脂质代谢与白内障发生的关系。     

Quantitative evaluation of electroretinogram before cataract surgery

The ERGs (electroretinogram) of dense mature cataractous eyes were compared with those of the fellow eyes with good visual acuity in 22 senile patients who showed normal preoperative ERG. The mean amplitudes of the a- and b-waves were slightly reduced in the cataractous eyes as compared to those of the fellow eyes, but the difference was not significant. The light-absorbing effect of the cataract based on the a- and b-wave amplitudes was 0.5 log units. Another group of 13 eyes with senile mature cataract showed abnormal preoperative ERG. Chorioretinal atrophy was the most common cause of the subnormal ERG. Postoperative visual acuity was lower in cataractous eyes with subnormal ERGs than in eyes with normal ERGs. Despite the fact that it does not always reflect the macular function and the visual pathway, the ERG still remains a reliable guide in evaluating the visual prognosis before cataract surgery.     

丙二醛和超氧化物歧化酶与白内障

本文采用荧光光度法和比色法测定了30只老年性、22只并发性白内障晶体和22只透明晶体的丙二醛(MDA)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),同时测定了30例老年性白内障、22例并发白内障病人血中红细胞MDA、SOD.结果显示:老年性及并发性白内障晶体MDA比透明晶体高,SOD比透明晶体低,老年性、并发性白内障病人晶体中MDA、SOD与其血中MDA、SOD不存在直线相关.透明晶体中MDA与SOD呈负相关而老年性、并发性白内障晶体中MDA与SOD无明显相关关系.上述结果支持脂质过氧化及抗氧自由基防御系统在白内障发病机理中的作用.     

正常与老年白内障晶体生化研究

分析正常和老年性白内障晶体可溶性蛋白与不溶性蛋白、谷胱甘肽含量、17种元素含量、晶体皮质与核pH 测定。发现老年性白内障晶体可溶性蛋白含量比正常晶体减少(52.6%比94.2%),而不溶性蛋白增加(47.4%比5.8%),凝胶电泳呈现老年性白内障晶体与正常晶体蛋白有差异,谷胱甘肽含量减少与老年性白内障的程度及持续时间有关,老年性白内障晶体比正常的钙离子增高,而锌与钾离子减少,并讨论这些改变的意义。     

正常和老年性白内障晶体的钙调节

测定了正常和白内障晶体上皮、皮质和核的钙-ATP酶、钙调蛋白和钙含量，分析了它们之间的相关性。发现正常晶体钙、钙调蛋白与钙-ATP酶呈正相关。老年性白内障晶体钙调蛋白与钙-ATP酶活性无相关性，钙-ATP酶活性下降。提示老年性白内障晶体钧-ATP酶活性下降是钙含量升高的重要原因，推测与氧化性损伤累及钙-ATP酶流基有关。     

Localization of glutathione-S-transferase in transparent and cataractous human lenses

The localization of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity was investigated in 15 cataractous lenses obtained by intracapsular extraction of senile cataract. Additionally, 8 clear lenses, obtained from donor eyes in cases of corneal transplantation or of traumatic lens luxation, were used as controls. The lenses were divided into the central and peripheral portions with a trephine. The activity of GST was quantitated in each portion according to the method described by Habig. GST activity in clear lenses was significantly higher in the peripheral portion than in the central portion and in the former it was significantly higher in clear lenses than in cataractous ones. The ratio of GST activity between central and peripheral portions (C/P) was significantly higher in cataractous lenses than in clear ones. These findings suggested that the scavenging system of the human clear lens is more active in the equatorial portion than in the central portion. Nevertheless the activity of GST in human cataractous lenses decreased more significantly in the peripheral portion than in the central portion. These findings indicated that the human cataract usually develop from equatorial portion of lens.     

Intercapsular cataract surgery with lens epithelial cell removal. Part III: Long-term follow-up of posterior capsular opacification

In 144 eyes in 144 patients with senile cataract the rate of posterior capsular opacification requiring YAG capsulotomy up to 36 months following intercapsular cataract surgery with lens epithelial cell removal using ultrasound and aspiration was evaluated and compared to the rate for 471 senile cataractous eyes in patients who had had posterior chamber lens implantation following phacoemulsification and extracapsular cataract extraction without lens epithelial cell removal. Posterior capsular opacification occurred in 3.7% of patients who had lens epithelial cell removal, significantly less (P less than .01) than the 10.8% found in the control group. Lens epithelial cell removal is considered an effective method of preventing capsular opacification.     

Role of glycosylation in protein disulfide formation and cataractogenesis

In order to study if glycosylation plays a role in the formation of protein disulfides and cataractogenesis, the levels of total sulfhydryl, GSH, protein disulfides (PSSP), protein mixed disulfide (PSSG) and the extent of glycosylation has been determined in normal, senile cataractous and diabetic cataractous lenses. No correlation between the extent of glycosylation and the total disulfide, PSSP or PSSG was observed in the normal, senile cataractous or diabetic cataractous lenses. This indicated that glycosylation probably does not play a primary role in cataract formation in diabetic patients.     

Accumulation of lipid peroxidation products in human cataracts

The role of free-radical-induced lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the development of human lens opacity was investigated. 130 human crystalline lenses impaired with cataract of various etiology (senile, traumatic, complicated cataracts) at different stages of cataract development as well as 18 transparent human lenses were studied. Primary products of LPO (diene conjugates), secondary products (ketodienes) and the end products (Schiff bases) were distinctly accumulated in cataractous lenses. Initial stages of cataract were characterized by the accumulation of primary LPO products, while in the latest stages there was a prevalence of fluorescent end products of LPO. It was concluded that the accumulation of polar hydroxy groups in the lipid bilayer of plasma membranes of lenticular fibers is one of the possible causes of their injury in cataracts.