大动物氦氧模拟潜水舱内微环境的控制

目的 研究建立大动物氦氧潜水实验中加压舱内气体环境的控制方法.方法 遵照模拟潜水基本要求,采用自动操控系统控制压力,使用特定氧浓度的混合气和小量补氧维持氧分压,吸收剂主动吸附清除二氧化碳,舱内空调维持温度,雾化或补水维持湿度.同时采用套舱减少氦氧混合气用量并提高环境控制的精准度.结果 自动操控系统可根据设定的高气压暴露...     

抗磁悬浮影响粘附在微载体上成骨细胞的形态和功能(英文)

目的探讨粘附在Cytodex-1微载体上的MC3T3-E1细胞是否可通过大梯度强磁场实现抗磁悬浮细胞培养,以及在该培养方式下不同模拟重力环境对细胞的生物学影响。方法鼠颅骨成骨细胞系MC3T3-E1接种于Cytodex-1微载体,将细胞置于大梯度强磁场的表观重力为μG,1 G和2 G位置,对应磁场强度分别为12 T,16 T和12 T,检测细胞形态、增殖、凋亡和周期。结果μG和1 G环境促进了MC3T3-E1细胞增殖,而2 G重力环境抑制了细胞增殖;大梯度强磁场环境诱导了细胞形态的改变、增加了细胞的caspase-3活性,影响了细胞周期。结论粘附在Cytodex-1微载体上的MC3T3-E1细胞在大梯度强磁场环境下可以实现抗磁悬浮培养,大梯度强磁场对细胞的形态和功能均具有较明显的影响。     

大梯度强磁场抗磁物质悬浮的生物学效应及其应用

梯度强磁场是一种特殊的人工稳恒强磁场,抗磁性物质在这种磁场中的特殊位置上可模拟失重效应,即抗磁悬浮。与目前建立的多种模拟失重环境或失重生物学效应的装置与技术相比,抗磁悬浮技术在力学本质上更接近于空间失重环境,且模拟失重的作用时间持久,具有良好的稳定性,更适用于长时间失重环境要求的生物学实验。目前大梯度强磁场下的抗磁悬浮技术在生物学研究中的应用还处于现象揭示及基础研究阶段,有许多科学问题和应用方向值得探索。综述了大梯度强磁场下抗磁物质悬浮对动物、植物、微生物、细胞和生物大分子等影响的研究进展,并对其应用前景进行了展望。     

固态胺CO2控制系统试验结果与分析

目的考验固态胺CO2控制系统主要功能和性能指标是否达到设计要求,同时考核系统与舱内环境的匹配性及工作协调性。方法在逼近真实负荷条件下,在模拟试验舱内进行了15d连续试验,测量并定时记录直接反映固态胺CO2控制系统对舱内大气与环境影响及控制的主要因素,通过这些因素的变化评价系统的性能。结果系统解吸的平均功率500W,平均排湿量为46g／h,3名乘员生活的舱内CO2浓度最高不超过0．6％,在所定的温、湿度控制条件下,舱内温度维持在25℃、相对湿度在45％。结论系统的,性能基本达到了设计要求,流程改进方案合理,既实现了废热的合理利用,又满足了密闭舱内环境对系统的温、湿度的限制,系统无故障工作15d,已具有进行长时间工作的品质。     

高气压环境对红外二氧化碳传感器检测的影响

目的 在失事潜艇及加压舱内等高气压环境下二氧化碳气体浓度的检测要求传感器具备高准确度、灵敏度和高响应速度.高压下常规二氧化碳传感器存在失效或响应失真的问题,只能在减压后间接检测.高压下二氧化碳实时检测,需要探索高气压环境对二氧化碳传感器的影响规律.方法 选取红外二氧化碳传感器作为试验对象,对其元器件进行压力可靠性试验,并利用小型动物加压舱构建一个校准系统,通过理想气体状态方程推算实际气体浓度,对传感器高压下响应曲线进行测定.结果 试验结果表明,在浓度不变的情况下,随着环境静压力的升高,传感器输出电压总体表现出偏小趋势.这种偏差在压力大于20 m后表现得较为明显.结论 在浓度不变的情况下,传感器输出电压随着环境压力的升高而出现的变化可能是由于气体吸收率受压力影响改变而引起的.     

一种新型空间细胞培养容器的设计与仿真研究

目的设计新型空间细胞培养容器,并对其结构尺寸进行优化。方法运用计算流体力学(CFD)软件Fluent进行数值模拟与动态分析,研究不同容器形状、缓冲通道结构、灌注室高度在微重力条件下对培养容器流场形态的影响。结果经过反复实验,最终容器形状选择为圆形,缓冲通道选择为单级缓冲,灌注室厚度设计为0.5 mm。仿真表明,容器有效提高了传质效率,整体流体剪切力远远低于10-3N/m2,适合高密度细胞培养。结论作为空间细胞培养装置的重要研制环节,本细胞培养容器可以为单独研究微重力对细胞的影响作出贡献。     

空间乙烯过滤器地面试验样机研制

目的 研制成空间乙烯过滤器地面试验样机,采用微生物技术控制受控生态生保系统中高等植物产生的微量乙烯(C2H4),以保障植物的正常生长发育.方法 通过详细的技术方案论证、图纸设计与加工、部件安装与调试以及样机试运行,最后进行验证实验来检验其技术性能.结果 样机反应器中基质的温度、含水量、pH值以及气体的流量、温湿度等参数均能实行有效控制,反应器中的微生物经过一段时间驯化后,对乙烯气体的最高降解率可达到9.04 mg/(m3·h).结论 样机实际性能基本达到了设计要求,运行稳定,可用于控制受控生态生保系统中乙烯气体的浓度.     

高气压下进行短期细胞培养方法的建立

大量动物实验和人体试验表明 ,各种类型的高压气体 ,如氮氧混合气 (包括空气 )、氦氧混合气、氦氮氧混合气、纯氧等 ,对机体的生理功能有相应的影响。高气压对离体细胞也有影响 ,但高气压下进行细胞培养需要特殊的设备。为了在高气压条件下严格控制细胞培养条件 (温度、湿度、气体分压 )进行细胞培养 ,我们制作了简易的高气压下体外细胞培养舱 ,报道如下 :一、材料与方法1.器材及改造 :如图 1所示 ,有机玻璃透明动物加压舱(2 5 0 - 5 0 0型 ,上海 70 1所杨园氧舱厂生产 ) ,舱体为透明耐压有机玻璃圆筒 ,两端封头为不锈钢板 ;舱容积 2 4 .5 …     

固态胺二氧化碳去除系统中反应罐的设计

目的 设计一种能满足长期载人航天器内固态胺吸附／水蒸气解吸CO2控制系统要求的反应罐。方法 根据系统要求及固态胺本身特性,解决如下关键问题：（1）额定的阻力损失需要减少床高与吸附,浓缩需要增加床高的问题;（2）有限的解吸热量与一定解吸温度保持的问题;（3）微重力下如何适应固态胺的膨胀与收缩的问题。结果 成功地实现了CO2的吸附,解吸及浓缩,系统可控制座舱CO2浓度在0．5％以下,浓缩的CO2浓度＞95％,可直接进入CO2还原系统,系统阻力低于160mmH2O,解吸能耗降到650W以下,结论 设计的反应罐能满足微重力条件下固态胺二氧化碳去除系统的要求。     

封闭型空间细胞培养板研制与验证

目的为适用于空间特殊实验环境,并在细胞培养实验中更高效地使用试剂、提高细胞培养用品的污染防护能力,提出了一种内部流动路径可控、具备防渗漏、防污染能力的全透明和全封闭细胞培养板。方法基于有限元仿真对培养板核心结构—流路控制挡板进行了优化,以优化后的培养板为核心部件搭建细胞培养回路,并开展了中长周期细胞培养试验。结果最优化的三坝-纵向排列细胞培养板,可有效控制其内部流体的流动路径,进出口流速1 m L/min时流体剪切力仅4.8×10~(-5)Pa,流动死区几乎为0,以该培养板为核心构建的细胞培养回路中培养的细胞可正常生长15 d。结论该细胞培养板,可使腔内新旧细胞培养试剂更换及残留气体排出更彻底,防渗漏防污染能力大大提升,试剂使用率提高,能满足空间实验常用典型细胞系的中长期培养需求,适合于我国目前及将来的空间医学生物学实验应用场合。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.