减孔较五孔腹腔镜对结直肠癌根治性切除术中出血量、淋巴结清扫数目及恢复情况分析

目的探讨减孔腹腔镜手术与五孔腹腔镜手术治疗直肠上段癌和乙状结肠癌的临床效果。方法选取2016年4月至2016年10月本课题组(3家医院)手术治疗的64例直肠上段癌和乙状结肠癌患者,采用随机数字表法进行分组,其中减孔腹腔镜手术治疗32例(减孔组)、传统五孔腹腔镜手术治疗32例(传统组),对比两组患者的围手术期指标、术后恢复情况。数据统计分析采用SPSS16.0进行处理,术中术后指标、VAS评分采用(x珋±s)进行统计描述,采用t检验;中转开腹率、并发症率组间比较采用χ2检验;P值0.05表示差异具有统计学意义。结果减孔组患者的手术出血量、术后下床活动时间、进食流质饮食时间值均小于传统组(P0.05);减孔组患者的手术时间长于传统组(P0.05);两组间术后肛门排气时间、尿管留置时间、住院时间、切除病灶直径、清扫淋巴结数目、下切缘长度比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);术后1、3、5 d,减孔组患者的VAS评分均显著的低于传统组(P0.05);减孔组的中转开腹率、吻合口漏、肠梗阻、切口感染发生率与传统组差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论减孔腹腔镜手术较五孔腹腔镜手术治疗直肠上段癌和乙状结肠癌效果相当,更显著的减少出血量、创伤更小、术后疼痛程度更低。     

减孔腹腔镜结合悬吊法与传统腹腔镜手术治疗乙状结肠或直肠上段癌的近期疗效对比

目的探讨减孔腹腔镜手术治疗乙状结肠及直肠上段癌的安全性及可行性。方法 2018年1月～2019年5月我院收住的乙状结肠或直肠上段癌90例,均行结直肠癌根治术。采用随机数字表法将90例病人随机分成传统腹腔镜手术组与减孔腹腔镜手术组,每组各45例,比较两组病人的术中出血量、手术时间、术后首次排气时间、下床时间、住院时间、住院费用、切除肠管长度、术后并发症发生率、清扫淋巴结数目及疼痛评分等相关指标,评估减孔腹腔镜手术的安全性及可行性。结果减孔腹腔镜组总切口长度与术后疼痛评分分别为(6.9±0.7)cm和(1.9±0.8)分,传统腹腔镜组分别为(9.3±0.7)cm和(2.3±0.6)分,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);两组手术时间、术中出血量、切除肠管长度、术后排气时间、下床活动时间、住院时间、总费用、淋巴结清扫数目、术后并发症发生率、局部复发率、远处转移率及无病生存期比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论减孔腹腔镜结合悬吊法手术治疗乙状结肠癌或直肠上段癌的疗效,与传统腹腔镜手术相当,安全可行。     

直肠上段、乙状结肠癌减孔腹腔镜与常规腹腔镜手术的对比研究

目的:对比直肠上段、乙状结肠癌行减孔腹腔镜与常规腹腔镜根治术的治疗效果,探讨减孔腹腔镜手术的安全性、可行性。方法:回顾分析2017年2月至2018年2月收治的80例直肠上段、乙状结肠癌患者的临床资料,将患者分为减孔组与常规组,每组40例。统计分析两组手术相关指标、疼痛程度、炎症变化、胃肠道功能恢复情况、术后并发症、远期生存率及复发率等指标。结果:两组术中出血量、手术时间、淋巴结清扫数量、系膜切除完整性差异无统计学意义(P0.05);减孔组术后C反应蛋白水平、疼痛程度、术后首次排气时间、进食流质饮食时间、引流管留置数量及住院时间低于常规组(P0.05);两组术后并发症发生率、复发率及1年、3年总生存率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:直肠上段、乙状结肠癌行减孔腹腔镜根治术的疗效与常规腹腔镜手术相当,但具有创伤小、康复快、节约人力成本等优点。     

减孔腹腔镜高位直肠或乙状结肠癌根治术的临床研究

目的：探讨减孔腹腔镜高位直肠或乙状结肠癌根治术的安全性和可行性。方法回顾性分析2013年1月至2014年7月间上海瑞金医院北院普通外科行腹腔镜高位直肠或乙状结肠癌根治术治疗的70例患者临床病理资料,其中常规组（5孔）26例,减孔组（3孔或4孔）44例。比较两组手术时间、出血量、淋巴结清扫数、术后排气时间、饮食时间、术后住院时间及并发症情况。结果常规组与减孔组患者的手术时间[（144．0±40．1） min比（115．8±30．8） min]、出血量[（72．9±50．2） ml比（45．5±52．4） ml]、淋巴结清扫[（10．2±8．4）枚比（12．0±5．6）枚]、术后排气时间[（3．2±0．7） d比（2．8±0．8） d]、开始饮水时间[（4．2±1．1） d比（3．8±0．9） d]、进食半流质时间[（8．6±2．1） d比（8．1±1．7） d]以及住院时间[（13．0±3．4） d比（12．8±7．2） d]的比较,差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0．05）。常规组和减孔组分别出现4例（15．4％）和3例（6．8％）术后并发症（P＝0．233）。结论减孔腹腔镜下高位直肠或乙状结肠癌根治术安全可行,值得进一步推广应用。     

减孔腹腔镜手术在结直肠癌外科治疗中的应用研究

目的:探讨减孔(两孔)腹腔镜手术治疗结直肠癌的临床安全性与可行性,发掘减孔腹腔镜手术的优势和适应证。方法:选取行腹腔镜结直肠癌手术患者46例,其中行减孔(两孔)腹腔镜手术16例(减孔组),行传统五孔腹腔镜手术30例(五孔组),收集并比较两组在临床安全性、肿瘤根治效果、术后恢复等方面的差异。结果:两组病例在手术时间、切除肿瘤直径、淋巴结清扫数、术中出血量、中转开腹率、开始排气时间、开始进流食时间、引流管留置时间、住院时间和严重手术并发症时间方面无统计学差异(P>0.05);在切口长度[(4.38±0.92)cm vs.(6.00±2.10)cm],疼痛评分大于3分时间[(0.75±0.68)d vs.(1.77±0.86)d]、开始下床时间[(1.13±1.02)d vs.(1.93±1.01)d]及拔除尿管时间[(2.00±0.73)d vs.(3.93±3.37)d]方面,减孔组优于五孔组(P<0.05)。结论:减孔(两孔)腹腔镜手术是一种安全可行的结直肠肿瘤根治手术方式,相比于传统五孔腹腔镜手术,其在术后恢复方面具有一定优势。     

保留左结肠动脉及直肠上动脉的腹腔镜乙状结肠癌根治术的临床应用及近期疗效分析

目的:探讨保留左结肠动脉及直肠上动脉的乙状结肠癌手术的具体操作技术及临床可行性,并与传统术式进行对比。方法:回顾分析2015年1月至2016年11月为82例患者行腹腔镜乙状结肠癌根治术的临床资料,将患者分为保留血管组(n=24)与传统术式组(n=58)。保留血管组行保留左结肠动脉及直肠上动脉的乙状结肠癌根治术,传统术式组行不保留上述血管的根治术。比较两组手术时间、淋巴结清扫数量、术中出血量、吻合口愈合情况等指标。结果:两组淋巴结清扫数量差异无统计学意义(P0.05);保留血管组手术时间长于传统术式组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);保留血管组患者未发生吻合口瘘,传统组发生2例,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:保留左结肠动脉及直肠上动脉的腹腔镜乙状结肠癌根治术安全、可行,具有良好的临床应用前景。     

开腹与腹腔镜肌瘤剔除术治疗子宫肌瘤效果比较

目的比较开腹与腹腔镜肌瘤剔除术治疗子宫肌瘤的效果。方法随机将接受肌瘤剔除术的48例子宫肌瘤患者分为2组,各24例。对照组行开腹手术,观察组行腹腔镜手术。比较2组治疗效果。结果 2组手术时间、肌瘤复发率及残留率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组术中出血量、下床活动时间、术后肛门排气时间、住院时间、VAS疼痛评分及并发症发生率均优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论腹腔镜和开腹子宫肌瘤剔除术均有良好治疗效果。但腹腔镜手术创伤小、患者疼痛轻、康复快、住院时间短,安全性高。     

三孔法腹腔镜直肠癌根治术的临床研究

目的:探讨三孔法腹腔镜直肠癌根治术的可行性及近期临床效果,对三孔法腹腔镜直肠癌根治术的临床应用价值进行前瞻性研究分析。方法:根据严格的入组标准将2004年6月至2009年12月在我科收治的符合入组条件的直肠癌病人700例分成三孔法腹腔镜组(n=345)和传统开腹手术组(n=355)。比较两组病人的术中及术后一般情况、手术相关病理学因素、术后并发症及1～5年随访资料等。结果:对比开腹手术组,三孔法腹腔镜组病人术中出血量少;术后下床时间早,排气快,但平均手术时间更长。在并发症发生率、切除标本中淋巴结个数、下切缘距肿瘤距离及随访效果方面两组无统计学差异。结论:三孔法腹腔镜直肠癌根治术对腹腔镜技术要求较高,但安全可行,具有传统开腹手术相同的根治效果及更好的近期疗效。     

基层医院开展中低位直肠肿瘤腹腔镜手术的初期经验

目的:探讨基层医院开展腹腔镜中、低位直肠肿瘤手术的可行性和安全性。方法:回顾性分析从2010年6月至2012年6月开展的腹腔镜中、低位直肠肿瘤切除术19例以及同期开展的21例开腹手术病人的资料,比较两组病人在手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、术后肛门排气时间、术后并发症、淋巴结清扫数量等方面的差异。结果:两组在年龄、性别、肿瘤位置、Dukes分期等方面无差异。腹腔镜组无一例中转开腹。在术中出血量、术后住院时间、术后肛门排气时间等方面,腹腔镜组明显优于开腹组;而在手术时间、术后并发症发生率、淋巴结清扫数量上两组无统计学差异。结论:专业团队、术中遵循直肠全系膜切除原则以及掌握适应证是基层医院安全、有效开展腹腔镜中、低位直肠肿瘤手术的基础和重要条件。     

腹腔镜辅助与开腹手术治疗原发性胃肠道淋巴瘤疗效比较

目的:分析并比较腹腔镜辅助与开腹手术治疗原发性胃肠道淋巴瘤(primary gastrointestinal lymphoma,PGIL)的短期及远期疗效。方法:收集2001年5月至2013年8月在我院行手术治疗的37例PGIL病人资料。其中腹腔镜组(LS组)22例,开腹组(OS组)15例。回顾性分析比较两组临床资料、手术相关资料、术后疗效及长期存活率等的差异。结果:37例中,胃淋巴瘤17例,小肠淋巴瘤15例,结肠直肠淋巴瘤5例。两组病人一般资料的比较及临床首要表现的差异无统计学意义;LS组的手术时间长于OS组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);LS组的术中出血量少于OS组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);淋巴结清扫数LS组多于OS组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。LS组在术后恢复方面均显著优于OS组,差异有统计学意义。两组对病人远期生存率的影响无统计学意义。病人远期生存率主要与病理分期相关。结论:腹腔镜辅助PGIL切除术治疗PGIL安全、有效,短期疗效优于开腹手术,远期疗效与开腹手术相似。     

LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY INITIAL EXPERIENCE

Twenty-five consecutive patients underwent percutaneous laparoscopic cholecystectomy (PCC). The gallbladder was removed successfully in 18 patients. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 1.4 days and patients returned to normal activity at a mean 8 days after operation. Postoperative pain was minimal. Formal laparotomy was performed in 7 patients due to: bleeding (3 patients), stone spillage (3 patients) and exploration of the common bile duct (1 patient). Complications were reduced with experience and strict adherence to the described operative technique. With obvious advantages for the patient, hospitals and the community an increased demand for PCC is inevitable. However, its role in the management of cholelithiasis and overall safety have yet to be determined. There is a significant learning curve and proper training is necessary. The widespread introduction of PCC has immediate implications for surgical training.     

Complications of laparoscopic renal surgery

This review will summarize reported complications of laparoscopic renal surgery (LRS) and provide a concise summary and clinical pathway to prevent, identify and manage complications associated with LRS. Complications are not reported in a uniform manner and we strongly encourage the use of the Clavien or other classification systems to facilitate future comparison. Comorbidities, body mass index, renal function, renal anomalies, and lack of surgeon proficiency may adversely affect outcomes whereas age does not. Trocar access, pneumoperitoneum, and patient positioning reflect aspects unique to laparoscopy that may present specific challenges to the urologist. Articles pertaining to complications in LRS are examined and discussed. Major and minor complication rates for LRS have reportedly ranged from 1–6% and 6–17%, respectively. Vascular, bowel, and ureteral injuries are reported as the most commonly encountered intraoperative complications. An appreciation for the data presented may allow the urologist to better avert complications in LRS.     

Laparoscopic strategies for resection of insulinomas

Sporadic insulinomas are suitable for the laparoscopic approach because they are solitary, resectable, and not metastatic. Laparoscopy and laparoscopic ultrasonography (LapUS) can identify lesions that are undetectable by preoperative imaging techniques. However, it is still worthwhile to attempt preoperative imaging by endoscopic ultrasonography to provide useful information for patient positioning and port placement. Laparoscopic pancreatic resection and laparoscopic enucleation are feasible and safe techniques. Conversion to the open approach should be considered for tumors that cannot be identified accurately by LapUS. In patients with insulinomas in the setting of multiple endocrine neoplasia 1, the laparoscopic approach is slightly different. Laparoscopic subtotal distal pancreatectomy preserving the spleen combined with laparoscopic enucleation of any tumors identified in the pancreatic head should be the standard operation. The advantages of laparoscopic pancreatic procedures should be those of all laparoscopic procedures, which obviously reduce the parietal damage in the abdomen. This may be associated with reductions in postoperative pain and hospital stay and an earlier return to previous activity. A cosmetic advantage is also clear because of the absence of long abdominal incision, and this should be taken into account, especially in young women.     

Comparison of Gas-less laparoscopy-assisted surgery, hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery and pure laparoscopic surgery for radical nephrectomy

BACKGROUND: We report our experience with Gas-less laparoscopy-assisted surgery (Gas-less LAS), hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery (HALS) and pure laparoscopic surgery (LS) for renal carcinoma and compare the characteristics and usefulness of these methods. METHODS: Seventeen, 14 and 16 patients were subjected to Gas-less LAS, HALS and LS, respectively. The study started with Gas-less LAS and then gradually shifted to HALS and LS. We evaluated the operative and postoperative parameters for each group. The learning curve effect was evaluated based on data from the first 10 cases of each group, which were operated on by the same surgeon and operation team. RESULTS: The learning curve of operation times in the LS group demonstrated that the operation time for this procedure is acceptable even in early-stage cases. Differences in mean operative time between the three surgical groups, excluding the conversion cases, were not statistically significant; however, there was a significant difference in blood loss volume between the groups (P 相似文献   

Treatment of esophageal achalasia with laparoscopic Heller myotomy and Dor partial anterior fundoplication: Prospective evaluation of 100 consecutive patients

In this article we report our experience in 100 consecutive achalasia patients who were treated with laparoscopic Heller myotomy and Dor antireflux fundoplication, with particular regard to the technical problems encountered, the learning curve, and the long-term follow-up. The operation was completed laparoscopically in 94 patients, with a median operative duration of 150 minutes, and a continuous steady reduction in the operating time from the first patients to the last. In six patients the operation was completed through “open” access. Postoperative complications were recorded in six cases. Follow-up was completed in all 100 patients, with a median follow-up of 24 months. Overall, actuarial life-table analysis showed a probability of 90% that patients would be symptom free over a S-year period. Radiologic assessment showed a significant reduction in the esophageal diameter, and manometry showed a significant reduction in the lower esophageal sphincter resting pressure and residual pressure. Twenty-four-hour pH monitoring showed postoperative reflux in 6.9% of the patients. Persistent dysphagia or chest pain was reported by eight patients, which constituted treatment failures. Seven of these eight patients were eventually treated with multiple pneumatic dilatations, which were successful in six cases. It was concluded that laparoscopic Heller myotomy with Dor fundoplication is a feasible and effective treatment for achalasia, with an actuarial success rate of 90% at 5 years.     

Different laparoscopic treatment modalities for splenic artery aneurysms: about 3 cases with review of the literature

Introduction: The first laparoscopic treatment of splenic artery aneurysm (SAA) was performed in 1993. Since then, many papers have been published mentioning different laparoscopic treatment modalities, including splenectomy, aneurysmectomy, ligation or even occlusion.

Patients and methods: An updated literature review of the English medical literature using the following MeSH, ‘Lapaorscopic splenic artery aneurysm’, ‘laparoscopic aneurysectomy’, ‘Laparoscopic Splenic artery Aneurysm Ligation’ and ‘Laparoscopic Splenic artery aneurysm excision’ was done. Also three cases performed at our institutions are discussed, in terms of techniques, morbidity, mortality and postoperative outcomes.

Results: About eight case series and 16 case reports were retrieved from the literature. Different techniques were described by the authors, including splenectomy, aneurysmectomy, splenic aneurysm ligation or even occlusion. Few morbidity cases were reported and none of the authors has mentioned a single mortality case. In our three cases, the postoperative course was uneventful, with good long-term results.

Conclusions: Despite the variations in the adopted operative techniques, the laparoscopic approach seems to be harmless. However, no treatment algorithm or consensus has been published.     

Implementation and usefulness of single‐access laparoscopic segmental and total colectomy

Aim Single‐access laparoscopic surgery is a recent vogue in the field of minimally invasive colorectal surgery. While selected series have indicated feasibility, we prospectively examined its usefulness for resectional surgery in routine practice. Method All patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal resection over a 12‐month period were considered for a single‐access approach by a single surgical team in a university hospital. This utilized a ‘glove’ port via a 3–5 cm periumbilical or stomal site incision, with standard rigid laparoscopic instruments then being used. Results Of 76 planned laparoscopic colorectal resections, 35 (47%) were performed by this single‐incision laparoscopic modality without disruption of theatre list efficiency or surgical training obligations. The mean (range) age and body mass index of these 25 consecutive right‐sided resections, eight total colectomies (seven urgent operations) and two anterior resections was 58 (22–82) years and 23.9 (18.6–36.2) kg/m², respectively. The modal postoperative day of discharge was 4. For right‐sided resections, the mean (range) postoperative stay in those undergoing surgery for benign disease was 4.0 days, while for those undergoing operation for neoplasia (n = 18, mean age 71 years) it was 5.8 days and the average lymph node harvest was 13. Use of the glove port reduced trocar cost by 58% (€60/£53) by allowing the use of trocar sleeves alone without obturators. Conclusion Single‐incision laparoscopic surgery is an effective option for abdominal surgery and seems especially suited for laparoscopic‐assisted right‐sided colonic resections. The glove port technique facilitates procedural frequency and familiarity and proves economically favourable.     

腹腔镜常规器械行单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术与三孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术的对比研究

目的 研究腹腔镜常规器械行单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术与三孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术的手术效果和安全性.方法 以2014年1月-2015年6月就诊的胆囊结石胆囊炎患者共140例作为本次研究的研究对象,所有的患者均需胆囊切除术进行治疗.将所有的患者按照随机排列数字表随机分为两组,分别为单孔组和三孔组.单孔组使用单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术,三孔组则使用三孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术,比较两组治疗后的手术效果、住院费用和并发症.结果 单孔组的手术时间(87.89±12.81) min长于三孔组(53.89 ±8.91) min,但是住院时间(1.28±0.21)d和总住院费用(11241.21 ±23.91)元均低于三孔组,且P＜0.05,差异具有统计学意义,两组手术中的出血量差异无统计学意义,P＞0.05;两组的患者均有不同的并发症发生,但都经过处理后好转,且两组并发症(1.43％ vs 2.86％)发病率差异无统计学意义,P＞0.05.结论 单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术减少了患者的住院时间和住院费用,手术创伤更小,术后患者康复更快,且安全性较高,值得临床推广使用.     

三孔法腹腔镜胆囊阑尾联合切除68例

目的探讨采用三孔法腹腔镜同时实施胆囊、阑尾联合切除术的可行性。方法对68例急、慢性胆囊炎、胆结石或胆囊息肉合并急、慢性阑尾炎患者实施三孔法腹腔镜胆囊、阑尾联合切除术。结果手术均获成功。平均手术时间70(50~90)m in,平均住院日5(4~7)d。全部病人均恢复正常工作或生活,中位随访7(4~20)个月,无并发症发生。结论在掌握好手术指征及熟练的腹腔镜操作技术的前提下,三孔法腹腔镜胆囊和阑尾联合切除是安全可行的方法。