乳腺叶状肿瘤术后局部复发的预后因素分析

目的探讨乳腺叶状肿瘤术后局部复发的预后因素。方法回顾性分析2011年1月至2019年12月于北京大学人民医院乳腺中心接受手术切除并经术后病理学检查证实的276例乳腺叶状肿瘤患者的临床资料,记录临床病理学资料。入组患者均为女性,年龄(41.5±11.3)岁(范围:11~76岁),肿瘤最大径为35(28)mm[M(Q_R)]。276例患者均接受开放手术,包括乳房全切除术17例,肿物切除术259例。随访截至2020年9月30日。采用Kaplan-Meier法计算各类叶状肿瘤的累积无局部复发生存率,采用Log-rank检验进行组间比较,采用Cox比例风险模型分析局部复发的预后因素。结果术后病理学检查证实良性叶状肿瘤191例,交界性67例,恶性18例。249例患者获得>6个月的随访,局部复发率为14.1%(35/249),复发间期为(28.6±22.2)个月(范围:2~96个月),良性、交界性、恶性叶状肿瘤分别为(29.1±18.1)个月(范围:2~80个月)、(32.1±30.1)个月(范围:5~96个月)、(12.0±6.9)个月(范围:8~20个月)。肿瘤最大径(≥100 mm比<50 mm,HR=3.968,95%CI:1.550~10.158,P=0.004)、肉瘤类异质性分化(有比无,HR=26.933,95%CI:3.105~233.600,P=0.003)是局部复发的独立预后因素。恶性叶状肿瘤远处转移导致死亡1例,良性、交界性、恶性叶状肿瘤的3年无局部复发生存率分别为88.2%、81.7%、81.4%(P=0.300)。结论叶状肿瘤有一定的局部复发率,肿瘤最大径、肉瘤类异质性分化可能与叶状肿瘤的局部复发相关。     

复杂乳腺巨大交界性分叶状肿瘤1例

乳腺分叶状肿瘤(phyllodes tumor of the breast,PTB)是以间质细胞结构异常、核异型性、肿瘤边缘外观和间质过度生长为特征的乳腺肿瘤[1],PTB的发病率低,占所有乳腺肿瘤的0.3%~0.9[2]。PTB在临床中并不常见,误诊率较高,因此及时正确的诊断对防止患者病情的恶化显得尤为重要。笔者收治1例乳腺巨大交界性分叶状肿瘤患者,报道如下。     

前列腺交界性叶状肿瘤一例报告并文献复习

目的 探讨前列腺叶状肿瘤的分型、临床表现、病理特征、治疗方法及预后情况.方法 2006年10月收治前列腺交界性叶状肿瘤患者1例.患者32岁,因渐进性排尿困难2周、尿潴留1 d入院.直肠指诊示前列腺明显增大,质软、囊性感,表面光滑.血清PSA 20.62 ng/ml.B超及MRI显示前列腺右侧叶多囊性肿大结节,前列腺穿刺活检考虑为良性间叶源性肿瘤,分化欠成熟.结果硬膜外麻醉下行前列腺肿瘤剜除术,切除标本约40 g.病理报告为前列腺交界性叶状肿瘤,肿瘤由上皮和间质成分构成,间质细胞明显增生,细胞有异型性,可见核分裂象;上皮细胞增多,无明显异型性;免疫组化染色Vimentin强阳性,PSA和PAP阳性,SMA阴性.术后40 d患者肿瘤复发,遂行前列腺根治切除术.病理报告为前列腺低度恶性叶状肿瘤,未侵及被膜外,前列腺尿道切端可见肿瘤组织;细胞增生活跃.术后1个月行体外盆腔放射治疗.随访6个月患者生存良好,仍在随访中.结论前列腺叶状肿瘤由增生的上皮和间质成分组成,穿刺活检很难穿到增生的上皮成分而不能确诊;复发恶性度增高,前列腺根治性切除术是目前最可靠的治疗方法.     

乳腺良性和交界性叶状肿瘤98例临床特征分析

目的 探讨乳腺良性及交界性叶状肿瘤（phyllodes tumor,PT）的临床特点、手术治疗方式和预后。方法 回顾性分析2005-09-01-2015-12-31吉林大学第一医院乳腺外科行手术治疗的67例良性PT和31例交界性PT的临床及病理学资料、手术治疗方案和预后情况。结果 乳腺良性和交界性PT病人的中位年龄分别为43岁和47岁,中位病程分别为4个月和8个月,中位肿瘤直径分别为3 cm和4 cm。粗针穿刺对良性及交界性PT的诊断准确率为38.5%（5/13）,术中快速冰冻病理学检查准确率为47.6%。主要手术方式为乳腺区段切除术和单纯乳房切除术。中位随访时间为35个月。1例交界性PT在术后3年出现局部复发。结论 良性和交界性PT多见于中年女性,非青春期的乳腺巨大肿瘤要考虑PT可能。目前的术前空芯针活检乃至术中快速病理学检查通常难以明确诊断和区分良性和交界性PT,最终的诊断取决于石蜡病理学检查。经外科治疗后,良性和交界性PT的总体预后佳。     

乳房巨大交界性叶状肿瘤一例

患者,女,48岁。4年前发现左乳近乳晕区一直径约1．0cm大小的肿块,无疼痛,未予治疗。近几个月肿块迅速增大,伴左乳皮肤红肿、热痛。查体：左乳较右乳明显增大,可触及一直径约18cm大小的肿块,质地软,分叶状,与胸大肌无粘连,可活动。双乳钼靶摄片检查示：左乳内见巨大肿块占据整个乳房,大小约18cm×10．5cm,有分叶,边缘清,左腋窝淋巴结可及。诊断：左乳巨大纤维腺瘤,恶变可能。胸部CT增强后示：     

乳腺巨大交界性叶状肿瘤一例

<正>病人,女性,49岁。因发现右乳肿物6年,渐增大半年于2022年10月25日入院。6年前无意中发现右乳一肿物,约“拳头”大小,无疼痛不适,皮肤无红肿、硬结,无乳头溢液。近半年肿物逐渐增大,现约“柚子”大小。既往6年前行右乳肿物切除术。病理检查：纤维腺瘤。体格检查：右侧乳房较左侧增大明显,表面皮肤无红肿,无桔皮样改变,无乳头凹陷,无乳头溢液,右乳外上可见长约5 cm陈旧手术瘢痕。右乳皮下可扪及一约15 cm×12 cm大小的实性肿块,     

乳腺交界性叶状肿瘤1例

乳腺叶状肿瘤(phyllodes tumors,PTs)是一种罕见的乳腺肿瘤,由乳腺纤维腺瘤组织中纤维组织恶变而来,是上皮成分和结缔组织混合的恶性肿瘤[1]。1938年由Muller首次报告,1982年WHO将其命名为PTs,根据病理组织学特征可分为良性、临界性和恶性三类,良性起病多无明显症状,交界性及恶性多生长迅速。目前叶状肿瘤的发病机制尚不明确,PTs是一种占乳腺肿瘤<1%的纤维上皮性病变,50%~80%是良性的,其复发率较高,少数可见远处转移[2]。天津中医药大学第一附属医院收治1例交界性叶状肿瘤患者,结合文献对本病例的发病机制、临床诊断及治疗进行探讨。     

卵巢上皮性交界性肿瘤预后相关因素及妊娠结局分析

目的探讨卵巢上皮性交界性肿瘤(BOTs)的临床病理特点及影响预后的相关危险因素,评价保留生育功能手术治疗后患者的妊娠结局。方法回顾性分析首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院及北京市平谷区医院1998年8月至2013年8月间收治的254例BOTs患者的临床病理资料。根据手术方式不同及是否保留生育功能,将患者分为保守性手术组和非保守性手术组、开腹手术组和腹腔镜手术组,比较各组患者的妊娠结局。结果 254例患者初次发病的中位年龄为36岁,术后随访6~180个月。保守性手术组的复发率(19.11%)显著高于非保守性手术组(2.06%);开腹手术组复发率(9.91%)显著低于经腹腔镜手术组(26.19%);年龄≤40岁组复发率(19.08%)显著高于40岁组(2.94%);交界性粘液性肿瘤组复发率(8.62%)显著低于交界性浆液性肿瘤组(17.24%);肿瘤直径≤10cm组复发率(6.19%)显著低于直径10cm组(17.73%)(P均0.05)。多因素分析发现保守性手术、交界性浆液性肿瘤、经腹腔镜手术是肿瘤复发的独立高危因素(P0.05)。有生育要求的57例患者中术后妊娠34例,妊娠率59.65%,保守分期性手术组的妊娠率(54.54%)与肿瘤剔除或单侧附件切除组(60.86%)比较无显著性差异(P0.05)。结论 BOTs患者行保守性手术和经腹腔镜手术后易复发,且病例分型为交界性浆液性肿瘤的患者复发风险相对较大,临床治疗时要综合考虑患者情况,对无生育要求的患者建议行全面分期性手术。保守性手术中手术范围增大是否会影响术后的妊娠率,尚需大样本的研究证实。     

中段胰腺切除术治疗胰颈体良性和交界性肿瘤分析

<正>以往治疗胰颈体部肿瘤多采用扩大的远端胰腺切除术(extended left pancreatectomy,ELP),其带来的不良后果是胰腺组织切除过多,使胰腺内、外分泌功能受到不必要的损害。近年来,中段胰腺切除术(middlesegment pancreatectomy,MP)由于较好地保留了正常的胰腺组织,最大限度保全了胰腺的内、外分泌功能而     

乳腺叶状肿瘤的诊断与治疗

乳腺叶状肿瘤是一种少见的乳腺肿瘤,属于纤维上皮性疾病。临床酷似纤维腺瘤,但缺乏特异特征。术前临床诊断主要依靠病理组织检查。空芯针穿刺为最佳方法。叶状肿瘤临床分为良性、交界性和恶性肿瘤。治疗方法以外科手术为惟一首选方法,但手术要求切缘净。叶状肿瘤主要并发症是局部复发,其原因为手术技术所致。辅助治疗尚无大样本临床资料,仅为个案报道。     

Magnetic resonance imaging of benign phyllodes tumors of the breast

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has the potential to become a useful adjunct in breast imaging. Contrast-enhanced breast MRI has demonstrated a high sensitivity in the detection of benign and malignant breast disease. Our study aimed to correlate the dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI appearance of benign phyllodes tumor of the breast with histopathologic findings. We retrospectively reviewed the MRI findings in eight patients with benign phyllodes tumor of the breast to describe the image characteristics of this disease. The architectural features and enhancement patterns of this tumor were assessed and compared with other breast diseases. MRIs demonstrated some characteristics for large benign phyllodes tumors (more than 3 cm in size). On T(2)-weighted images, they were imaged as spotted tumors in high to iso signal intensity with cystic components or septations inside. In the time-signal intensity curve for the eight patients in our study who underwent dynamic MRI, we demonstrated two patterns of their curve: rapidly and gradually enhanced. In conclusion, MRI findings in benign phyllodes tumor include dynamic curves of gradually and rapidly enhancing types, and a low and inhomogeneous signal intensity on T(2)-weighted images compared with fibroadenoma. These findings appear to be useful for diagnosis.     

Recurrent phyllodes tumours of the breast: pathological features and clinical implications

BACKGROUND: Phyllodes tumours (PT) of the breast are fibro-epithelial neoplasms that are known to recur locally in up to 19% of patients. The failure to achieve adequate surgical margins is an important risk factor for local recurrence. This, however, is a common problem as PT are clinically similar to the more common fibro-adenoma and are therefore often locally excised without any gross surgical margins. It is still debatable as to whether it is necessary to subject the patient to repeat surgery to obtain pathologically negative margins after a diagnosis of a benign or borderline PT is made. Although the majority of recurrences are histologically similar to the initial tumour, a malignant recurrence is possible. Malignant tumours can metastasize through the haematogenous route and metastases are associated with a poor prognosis as they are poorly responsive to conventional chemotherapy. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 37 women who presented with local recurrence over a 10-year period to the Singapore General Hospital. Data, including age at the time of diagnosis, clinical presentation, histological features, type of surgery carried out, clinical progression and characteristics of locally recurrent disease, were analysed. Comparisons were made between those with benign, borderline and malignant tumours, as well as between those who developed a malignant recurrence and those who did not. RESULTS: The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 39.6 +/- 7.4 years and the mean tumour size was 6.0 +/- 5.1 cm. A total of 22 patients were classified as having benign tumour, 9 as having borderline tumour and 6 as having malignant tumour. Tumour grade did not influence the tumour size, the adequacy of surgical margins or the time interval to local recurrence or the number of recurrences. Local recurrence occurred after a median interval of 20 months. Although malignant tumours tended to recur earlier, this was not found to be statistically significant. The majority of recurrent tumours were histologically similar to the initial tumour; however, seven patients (19%) developed a malignant recurrence from an initially benign or borderline tumour. Although these tumours were larger, recurred more frequently and within a shorter interval, no significant predictive factor was found on multivariate analysis. Distant metastasis developed only in patients with malignant tumours and accounted for all three mortalities in the study. CONCLUSIONS: It may be acceptable to use an expectant management towards benign and borderline tumours that are excised without adequate surgical margins. However, surgery for locally recurrent tumours, as well as malignant tumours, should aim to achieve adequate surgical margins to reduce the risk of local recurrence, particularly that of a malignant recurrence.     

Update on the diagnosis and management of malignant phyllodes tumors of the breast

Malignant phyllodes tumors of the breast are a rare entity. They occur infrequently but most often in younger women in comparison to typical epithelial-based breast cancers. Treatment of these tumors is not without controversy and in this review we will present an update on the diagnosis and management of malignant phyllodes tumors of the breast.     

Low local recurrence rates in young Asian patients with phyllodes tumours: less is more

Background: Phyllodes tumours are increasingly being discovered incidentally in young patients after excision of a seemingly innocuous breast lump. The clinical course of this group of patients has not been well‐described, especially in the Asian population. Methods: A retrospective review of 44 consecutive patients below 25 years of age undergoing surgery for phyllodes tumours at our institution from 1992 to 2010 was conducted. Clinico‐pathological data, local recurrence rates and margin involvement were recorded. Results: The majority of the patients had benign lesions treated with simple enucleation, and there were no local recurrences documented after a mean and median length of follow‐up of 47.6 and 29.5 months, respectively. Conclusion: We conclude that in young Asian patients who present with benign phyllodes tumours, simple excision, followed by close follow‐up is sufficient, regardless of surgical margin status.     

Long-term outcomes of malignant phyllodes tumors patients: an institutional experience

BACKGROUND: Malignant phyllodes tumors are an extremely rare breast tumor. Prognostic features and overall survival data have not been consistent across studies. METHODS: Retrospectively, we examined the clinicopathologic features of 27 breast cancer patients treated for malignant phyllodes tumors from 1995 to 2004 and analyzed their recurrence and survival outcomes using contingency tables, a logistic regression model, or a proportional hazard model. RESULTS: The mortality rate was 12% (n = 3) of the cohort and 75% of the group with distant metastases. The median follow-up period was 51 months (range, 12-192 mo). A mitotic index greater than 10 per high-powered field, the presence of stromal overgrowth, mastectomy at initial surgery, and larger tumor size were associated with an increased incidence of distant metastases. Larger tumor size also was associated with an increased incidence of death. CONCLUSIONS: Most patients with malignant phyllodes tumors will enjoy significant long-term survival if treated appropriately with local excision with clear margins.     

Malignant phyllodes tumors of the breast: A comprehensive literature review

Malignant phyllodes tumors (MPT) have always been a great deal of controversy among fibroepithelial tumors of the breast. Genetics, histopathology, and tumor behavior on the cellular scale shape their extent of aggressiveness. Diagnosis is based on radiological and pathological findings. Cure is surgical excision. This article reveals the most common clinical indices, which should raise the surgeon's concerns on a benign‐looking tumor to further investigate its nature, and the importance of an adequate surgical intervention, preferably done by an oncoplastic breast surgeon, in order to accomplish the ideal outcome for the patient.     

Clinical characteristics and treatment of ovarian serous borderline tumors

<正>Ovarian serous borderline tumors (SBTs) are characterized by good prognosis and occasional late recurrence. The 5-year and 10-year survival rates are all more than 90%. But traditionally patients with SBTs used to be treated with bilateral oophorectomy, hysterectomy and postoperative chemotherapy. A high proportion of SBTs occurred in young patients. The traditional treatment with complete excision of reproductive organs seemed to be too aggressive for young patients. It is imperative that conservative surgical procedures with fertility sparing should be employed to them. In this paper the literatures in regard to the final outcome of the conservative surgical therapy for SBTs were reviewed and the appropriate extent of conservative surgical procedures was discussed in detail.     

A large benign phyllodes tumour of the breast: A case report and literature review

IntroductionPhyllodes tumours are uncommon fibroepithelial lesions that typically grow up to 4 cm in size but 10 cm tumours known as giant phyllodes tumours have been described. We present a case report of a 20 cm benign phyllodes tumour and a literature review.Presentation of caseA 54 years old lady with an enlarging left breast mass measuring 20 cm of 6 months duration presented to our outpatient breast clinic. She also had an incidental right parotid lump. Core biopsy of the left breast mass returned as a cellular fibroepithelial lesion. A mastectomy and axillary lymph node sampling were done and skin cover was obtained from a split skin graft from the thigh. Final histology returned as a benign phyllodes tumour. Her post-operative recovery was uneventful.DiscussionPhyllodes tumours are suspected in middle age women with rapidly enlarging painless breast masses. Though there are some suggestive features on ultrasound and MRI, the key to diagnosis is still histopathology. However, a pre-operative diagnosis may not always be possible as the interpretation of stromal cellularity and degree of atypia needed to differentiate cellular fibroadenoma from a phyllodes tumour is subjective. When a phyllodes tumour is suspected, adequate margins should be taken for optimal outcome.ConclusionSuccessful management of phyllodes tumour involves obtaining a pre-operative diagnosis via a core biopsy when possible and planning for adequate margins.