多层螺旋CT小肠造影对Crohn病的诊断价值评价

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT小肠造影对Crohn病的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析经内镜、手术、病理证实的60例Crohn病的多层螺旋CT小肠造影影像学表现。结果:60例中多节段病变43例(72%),单独小肠受累21例(35%)、小肠和大肠同时受累35例(58%)、单独大肠受累4例(7%)。小肠累及的56例(93%)中,累及回肠末端39例(70%)。MSCTE所见包括:肠壁增厚60例(100%)、强化增加58例(97%)、肠壁分层39例(65%)、肠腔狭窄32例(53%)、肠壁脓肿5例(8%)、肠系膜血管增多("梳征")39例(65%)、病变肠管周围纤维脂肪增多19例(32%)、蜂窝织炎40例(67%)、腹腔脓肿和炎性肿块13例(22%)、窦道/瘘管15例(25%)、假憩室12例(20%)、多发淋巴结肿42例(70%)、肛周病变4例(7%)。肠管增厚、肠管分层、强化增加、肠壁内脓肿、病变肠管周围蜂窝织炎、血管增多(梳征)等可反应病变的活动性。动脉期与静脉期比较,未提供肠壁、肠管外病变的更多信息。结论:CT小肠造影可同时显示Crohn病的小肠和结肠病变,对肠壁病变及肠腔外并发症的显示以及在判断病变活动性方面有独特的优越性,可作为首选的影像学检查方法。     

X线、CT和MRI对小肠Crohn病诊断价值的评价

目的:探讨X线、CT和MRI对小肠Crohn病的诊断价值及其限度.材料和方法:分析经肠镜、手术和病理诊断的26例小肠Crohn病的X线、CT和MRI表现,其中X线小肠灌肠13例,CT小肠造影15例,MRI检查13例(其中小肠MRI水成像和注气小肠灌肠分别为7例和6例),同时行X线小肠灌肠和CT检查7例,行X线小肠灌肠和MRI检查8例,行CT和MRI检查2例.结果:13例小肠Crohn病的X线表现为多个节段性病变12例(92%),线形溃疡11例(85%),卵石征11例(85%),瘘管形成4例,不对称性病变伴假憩室样改变3例,误诊为肠管外炎性肿块和脓肿3例.15例CT小肠造影表现为肠壁增厚15例(100%),强化增加13例(87%),多节段性病变13例(87%),肠管周围蜂窝织炎11例(73%),脓肿和炎性肿块5例,瘘管形成3例.13例MRI表现为肠壁强化增加13例(100%),肠壁增厚12例(92%),多节段性病变11例(85%),肠管周围蜂窝织炎9例(69%),炎性肿块6例,瘘管2例.CT和MRI均未显示肠壁线形溃疡和卵石征.结论:X线小肠灌肠易于显示小肠Crohn病线形溃疡和卵石征的特征性改变,对小肠Crohn病的初次诊断具有重要价值,但难以明确显示肠管外炎性肿块和脓肿;CT和MRI均难以显示肠壁线形溃疡和卵石征,但可明确显示病变肠壁及其周围并发症,对于指导临床治疗以及评价临床疗效具有重要价值.     

小肠Crohn病的螺旋CT诊断价值

目的：探讨螺旋CT对小肠Crohn病的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析10例经病理证实的小肠Crohn病螺旋CT表现。将螺旋CT表现与小肠造影进行比较,分析其影像学特点。结果：10例患者中小肠造影发现6例异常,表现为肠腔节段性狭窄、肠粘膜破坏及瘘管形成。10例CT表现为多节段肠壁及肠系膜增厚,肠壁不同程度强化,3例出现肠瘘,2例出现腹腔脓肿及肠梗阻,肠系膜淋巴结肿大3例。结论：螺旋CT对小肠Crohn病的部位及性质诊断较小肠造影更具有优势,同时能更多观察肠内外病变．并能判断临床治疗效果,有可能成为小肠Crohn病的主要影像学诊断方法。     

X线、CT和消化内镜对克罗恩病诊断价值的评价

目的 探讨X线、CT及消化内镜对克罗恩病的诊断价值及其限度.方法 回顾性分析经病理、肠镜、手术证实的66例克罗恩病患者X线、CT及消化内镜表现,其中X线小肠+结肠气钡双造影36例,窦道造影28例,全腹部CT平扫+增强54例,消化内镜检查46例,同时行X线小肠+结肠气钡造影和腹部窦道造影18例,行X线小肠+结肠气钡造影和CT检查24例,行 X线小肠+结肠气钡造影和消化内镜检查22例,行CT和消化内镜检36例.结果 36例小肠+结肠气钡双造影中,多节段性病变24例(66.7%),多发性、纵行裂隙状溃疡17例(47.2%),卵石征16例(44.4%),肠瘘4例(11.1%),X线气钡双造影未显示肠壁增厚及腹腔脓肿、炎性包块等肠外并发症,对肠瘘的显示率亦不高.28例腹部窦道造影中,肠瘘20例(71.4%),腹腔脓肿形成16例(57.1%),窦道形成12例(42.8%).54例CT检查,表现为肠壁增厚(＞4 mm)46 例( 85.2%),强化增加(＞20～30 HU) 42例(77.8%),多节段性病变 39例(72.2%),肠腔不规则狭窄38例(70.4%),系膜区淋巴结肿大(＞5 mm)18例( 33.3%),系膜区血管束增多、增粗14例(25.9%),肠管周围蜂窝织炎21例(38.9%),腹腔内脓肿16例(29.6%),炎性包块14例(25.9% ),不全性肠梗阻22例(40.7%),腹腔积液36例(66.7%),瘘管形成8例(14.8% ),CT未显示肠壁线形溃疡和卵石征,对肠瘘的显示率不高.46例消化内镜检查中,纵行裂隙状溃疡26例(56.5%),铺路石样卵石征28例(60.8%),肠腔不规则狭窄36例(78.3%),多节段性病变34例(73.9%),消化内镜未显示肠壁及肠外并发症等病症.结论 X线小肠+结肠气钡造影,腹部窦道造影及CT 3种检查方法相互结合,对于克罗恩病的临床诊断及综合治疗具有重要价值.     

MSCT对结肠Crohn病的诊断价值

目的:探讨MSCT对结肠Crohn病的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析经内镜、手术及病理证实的39例结肠Crohn病患者的MSCT影像学表现。结果:39例中多节段病变30例(76.9%),单独大肠受累4例(10.3%)、大肠伴小肠受累35例(89.7%)。大肠病变累及盲肠31例(79.5%)、升结肠26例(66.7%)、横结肠17例(43.6%)、降结肠10例(25.6%)、乙状结肠16例(41.0%)、直肠6例(15.4%)。MSCT征象:肠壁增厚、强化增加、肠壁分层、肠腔狭窄、肠壁脓肿、肠系膜血管增多("梳征")、病变肠管周围纤维脂肪增多、蜂窝织炎、腹腔脓肿和炎性肿块、肛周病变、瘘管/窦道、系膜淋巴结肿等。肠管增厚、肠壁分层、强化增加、肠壁内脓肿、病变肠管周围蜂窝织炎、"梳征"等可提示病变处在活动期。结论:结肠Crohn病易累及盲、升结肠,MSCT表现有一定特征性,MSCT在显示肠壁病变及肠腔外并发症以及判断病变是否在活动期具有优势。     

螺旋CT及重组技术对小肠Crohn病的诊断价值

目的：探讨小肠Crohn病的CT表现。方法：回顾性分析经病理证实的8例Crohn病的CT扫描及后处理图像,分析病变肠管的数量、部位、肠壁的厚度和增强后病变肠壁的强化及并发症（蜂窝组织炎、炎性肿块、脓肿和瘘管）。结果：CT及后处理图像均能显示小肠Crohn病的病变肠段,敏感度为100%,8例共显示27段炎症肠壁。小肠Crohn病的CT表现：增强后所有病变肠段肠壁均有强化,25个病变肠段（92%）肠壁增厚,病变累及第6组小肠（回肠远段）8例,累及第5组（回肠中段）、第4组（回肠近段）、第3组（空肠远段）和第2组小肠（空肠近段）者分别7例、3例、2例和2例,累及回盲部3例,广泛累及结肠2例,8例均同时累及2组及2组以上小肠并呈节段性分布。肠系膜血管改变5例（62%）,肠管周围蜂窝织炎3例,炎性肿块2例,腹腔脓肿形成1例,未见瘘管形成。结论：螺旋CT及后处理技术是诊断小肠Crohn病的一种敏感的检查方法,并可判断病变的活动性,对指导临床治疗具有重要意义。     

小肠Crohn病的MRI诊断

目的　探讨小肠Crohn病的MRI诊断价值。方法　回顾性分析经手术和病理证实的 13例小肠Crohn病的MRI表现 ,其中男 12例 ,女 1例 ,年龄最大 6 4岁 ,最小 17岁。分析病变肠管的数量、部位、肠壁的厚度和静脉注射钆喷替酸葡甲胺 (Gd DTPA)增强后病变肠壁与正常肠壁的信号强度比或病变肠壁的增强百分比及并发症 (蜂窝组织炎、炎性肿块、脓肿和瘘管 )。其中 6例行MR注气小肠灌肠 (MRenteroclysis) ,即经小肠导管向肠腔注入空气约 10 0 0ml直接行冠状面和横断面带脂肪饱和(fatsaturation)的增强扫描 ;另 7例行小肠MR水成像 ,即扫描前 4 5min间断口服 2 5 %等渗甘露醇共15 0 0ml后行带脂肪饱和的冠状面平扫及冠状面和横断面增强扫描。扫描前均静脉注射山莨菪碱 2 0mg以抑制肠蠕动。结果　MRI均显示了每例小肠Crohn病的病变肠段 ,敏感性为 10 0 % ,13例 }共显示 36段炎症肠壁 ,平均每例 2 8个病变肠段。小肠Crohn病的MRI表现为增强后病变肠壁强化明显增加 ,注气灌肠组增强后的病变肠壁与正常肠壁的信号强度比为 1 9～ 2 5 (平均 2 1) ,水成像组增强后的病变肠壁与正常肠壁的信号强度比为 1 3～ 2 9(平均 1 9) ,病变肠壁的增强百分比为 96 %～2 2 3% (平均 133% ) ,而正常肠壁增强百分比为 31%～ 78% (平均 5     

The value of multi-slice CT in the diagnosis of Crohn's disease of colon

目的:探讨MSCT对结肠Crohn病的诊断价值.方法:回顾性分析经内镜、手术及病理证实的39例结肠Crohn病患者的MSCT影像学表现.结果:39例中多节段病变30例(76.9％),单独大肠受累4例(10.3％)、大肠伴小肠受累35例(89.7％).大肠病变累及盲肠31例(79.5％)、升结肠26例(66.7％)、横结肠17例(43.6％)、降结肠10例(25.6％)、乙状结肠16例(41.0％)、直肠6例(15.4％).MSCT征象:肠壁增厚、强化增加、肠壁分层、肠腔狭窄、肠壁脓肿、肠系膜血管增多(“梳征”)、病变肠管周围纤维脂肪增多、蜂窝织炎、腹腔脓肿和炎性肿块、肛周病变、瘘管/窦道、系膜淋巴结肿等.肠管增厚、肠壁分层、强化增加、肠壁内脓肿、病变肠管周围蜂窝织炎、“梳征”等可提示病变处在活动期.结论:结肠Crohn病易累及盲、升结肠,MSCT表现有一定特征性,MSCT在显示肠壁病变及肠腔外并发症以及判断病变是否在活动期具有优势.     

小肠CT造影检查克罗恩病的临床价值分析

目的探讨小肠CT造影在克罗恩病(Crohn’s disease,CD)临床诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析24例经肠镜或手术明确诊断的克罗恩病患者的临床资料和小肠CT造影检查资料。结果本组患者临床表现包括腹痛(75%,18/24)、腹泻(70.8%,17/24)、血便或脓血便(25%,6/24)、肛瘘(50%,12/24)。小肠CT造影检查显示病变位于空肠或回肠(16例)、回肠末端及回盲部(20例)、结肠(12例)。病变处肠壁多表现为多节段性增厚,其中2例肠壁增厚呈团块样改变,增强扫描后肠壁单层强化4例(16.7%),双层或多层强化20例(83.3%),1例见强化包块。肠壁系膜侧系膜血管束增多、增粗,其中8例尚表现出"齿梳征"(33.3%,8/24)。本组16例伴有不同程度肠腔狭窄,4例并出现不全性肠梗阻,肛瘘患者12例(50%),未发现腹腔脓肿或肠穿孔。结论小肠CT造影检查可清晰显示病变肠管的改变以及肠管外并发症情况,对克罗恩病诊断具有重要价值。     

小肠Crohn病的多层螺旋CT诊断价值

目的探讨小肠Crohn病的多层螺旋CT(MSCT)诊断价值。资料与方法回顾性分析经病理证实的35例小肠Crohn病的MSCT表现,分析病变肠管的数量、部位、肠壁厚度、增强后的强化特点及并发症。结果 MSCT均能显示小肠Crohn病的病变肠段,敏感性为100%。35例中共显示112段炎症肠壁,病变累及第6组小肠(回肠远段)35例,累及第5组、第4组、第3组、第2组分别为29例、16例、7例、4例,累及回盲部25例,广泛累及结肠4例。所有病例均表现为肠壁增厚,增强扫描显示病变肠壁有较明显强化,呈分层状或均一强化。肠系膜血管增生及"梳样征"21例,肠管周围蜂窝织炎13例,炎性肿块1例,瘘管2例,不全梗阻4例。结论 MSCT检查是小肠Crohn病的一种敏感的检查方法,小肠Crohn病的CT表现有一定特征性,可判断病变的活动性及疾病的发展阶段,对指导临床治疗具有重要意义。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.