术前血清白蛋白水平对急性冠脉综合征患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后对比剂肾病的预测价值研究

背景对于对比剂肾病(CIN),目前临床尚无特效治疗方法,因此早期识别并干预CIN高危患者对提高经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)效果、改善患者预后具有重要意义。目的探讨术前血清白蛋白水平对急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者PCI后CIN的预测价值。方法选取2018年9月—2019年9月在徐州医科大学附属医院行PCI的ACS患者482例,根据PCI后CIN发生情况分为CIN组(n=52)和非CIN组(n=430),根据术前血清白蛋白水平四分位数间距分为Q1组(≤39.5 g/L,n=120)、Q2组(39.6~42.7 g/L,n=121)、Q3组(42.8~45.3 g/L,n=120)和Q4组(>45.3 g/L,n=121)。比较非CIN组和CIN组患者一般资料、对比剂用量及实验室检查指标,并比较不同术前血清白蛋白水平患者PCI后CIN发生率;ACS患者PCI后CIN的影响因素分析采用多因素Logistic回归分析,并绘制ROC曲线以评价术前血清白蛋白水平对ACS患者PCI后CIN的预测价值。结果(1)非CIN组和CIN组患者年龄、男性比例、体质指数、收缩压、舒张压、吸烟率、高血压发生率、糖尿病发生率及使用β-受体阻滞剂、血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂/血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂、钙通道阻滞剂、他汀类药物、硝酸酯类药物者所占比例比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);CIN组患者AMI发生率、使用利尿剂者所占比例、使用低分子肝素者所占比例及对比剂用量高于非CIN组(P<0.05)。(2)非CIN组和CIN组患者术前三酰甘油、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白、空腹血糖、白细胞计数、血肌酐、血尿酸、血尿素、胱抑素C及估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);CIN组患者术前血清白蛋白、血红蛋白水平及术后eGFR低于非CIN组,术前血小板与淋巴细胞比值(PLR)及术后血肌酐、血尿酸、血尿素、胱抑素C高于非CIN组(P<0.05)。(3)Q3组患者PCI后CIN发生率低于Q1组,Q4组患者PCI后CIN发生率低于Q1组和Q2组(P<0.05)。(4)多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,术前血清白蛋白水平〔OR=0.765,95%CI(0.700,0.837)〕、血红蛋白〔OR=0.981,95%CI(0.967,0.996)〕、PLR〔OR=1.005,95%CI(1.001,1.010)〕是ACS患者PCI后CIN的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。(5)ROC曲线显示,术前血清白蛋白水平预测ACS患者PCI后CIN的曲线下面积为0.790〔95%CI(0.751,0.826)〕,最佳截断值为40.8 g/L,灵敏度为75.0%,特异度为70.2%。结论术前血清白蛋白水平是ACS患者PCI后CIN的影响因素,且对PCI后CIN具有一定预测价值,有助于早期识别CIN高危患者。     

CHA2DS2-VASc score as a novel predictor for contrast-induced nephropathy after percutaneous coronary intervention in acute coronary syndrome

BackgroundCHA2DS2-VASc score, used for atrial fibrillation to assess the risk of embolic complications, have shown to predict adverse clinical outcomes in acute coronary syndrome (ACS), irrespective of atrial fibrillation. This study envisaged to assess the predictive role of CHA2DS2-VASc score for contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients with ACS undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).MethodsA total of 300 consecutive patients with ACS undergoing PCI were enrolled in this study. CHA2DS2-VASc score was calculated for each patient. These patients were divided into two groups as Group 1 (with CIN) and Group 2 (without CIN). CIN was defined as increase in serum creatinine level ≥0.5 mg/dL or ≥25% increase from baseline within 48 h after PCI. After receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the study population was again classified into two groups: CHA2DS2-VASc score ≤3 group (Group A) and score ≥4 group (Group B).ResultsCIN was reported in 41 patients (13.6%). Patients with CIN had a higher frequency of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and had a lower left ventricular ejection fraction and baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed good predictive value of CHA2DS2-VASc score for CIN (area under the curve 0.81, 95% CI 0.73–0.90). Patients with a CHA2DS2-VASc score of ≥4 had a higher frequency of CIN as compared with patients with score ≤3 (56.8% vs 4.8%; p = 0.0001) with multivariate analysis demonstrating CHA2DS2-VASc score of ≥4 to be an independent predictor of CIN.ConclusionIn patients with ACS undergoing PCI, CHA2DS2-VASc score can be used as a novel, simple, and a sensitive diagnostic tool for the prediction of CIN.     

A randomized trial of intravenous N‐acetylcysteine to prevent contrast induced nephropathy in acute coronary syndromes

Background : Pharmacokinetic data suggests that the intravenous form of n‐acetylcysteine (NAC) may be more effective than the oral formulation in preventing contrast induced nephropathy (CIN). NAC owing to its anti‐oxidant properties might be beneficial for patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) who are at increased risk for CIN. The aim of this prospective randomized, single‐center, double‐blind, placebo controlled trial (NCT00939913) was to assess the effect of high‐dose intravenous NAC on CIN in ACS patients undergoing coronary angiography and/or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods : We randomized 398 ACS patients scheduled for diagnostic angiography ± PCI to an intravenous regimen of high‐dose NAC (1,200 mg bolus followed by 200 mg/hr for 24 hr; n = 206) or placebo (n = 192). The primary end‐point was incidence of CIN defined as an increase in serum creatinine concentration ≥25% above the baseline level within 72 hr of the administration of intravenous contrast. Results : There was no difference found for the primary end point with CIN in 16% of the NAC group and in 13% of the placebo group (p = 0.40). Change in serum cystatin‐C, a sensitive marker for renal function, was 0.046 ± 0.204 in the NAC group and 0.002 ± 0.260 in the control group (p = 0.07). Conclusion : In ACS patients undergoing angiography ± PCI, high‐dose intravenous NAC failed to reduce the incidence of CIN. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Contrast induced nephropathy after percutaneous coronary intervention： risk factors and preventive strategy

Objective To analyze the risk factors and clinical outcome of contrast induced nephropathy （CIN） in patients with coronary artery disease （CAD） after percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） and discuss its prevention. Methods Fifty-four patients with C1N among 729 patients who received PCI were retrospectively studied and the related risk factors, cardiovascular events and preventive strategy were analyzed. Results C1N was strongly associated with pre-procedure chronic renal failure, diabetes mellitus and large-dose contrast. The incidence of cardiac mortality and major adverse cardiac events 1 year after PCI in CIN group was higher than that in group without CIN. Conclusion Chronic renal failure, diabetes mellitus and dosage of contrast agent were three independent risk factors of CIN. CIN could affect the patients＇ prognosis. A well overall perioperative management of CAD patients following PCI, especially hydration therapy, is the most important strategy for prevention of CIN.     

冠状动脉介入治疗术后对比剂肾损伤相关危险因素分析

目的:探讨冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后对比剂肾损伤(CIN)发病情况及危险因素。方法:回顾性调查天津市胸科医院心内科2009-01-2010-12行PCI术的1 435例患者,根据是否发生CIN将其分为CIN组和非CIN组,比较2组之间相关因素的差异,应用Logistic回归分析确定CIN的危险因素。结果:1 435例患者中有211例发生CIN,发病率为14.7%;CIN组和非CIN组间年龄、红细胞计数、血红蛋白含量、贫血、血压、左室射血分数(LVEF)、肾小球滤过率(GFR)、对比剂用量等均差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄>70岁、糖尿病、低血压、贫血、LVEF≤45%、GFR≤60ml/(min.1.73m2)、对比剂用量>200ml、心肌梗死、急诊PCI是CIN的危险因素。结论:CIN是PCI术后较常见的并发症,对具备CIN高危因素的患者,临床医生应高度重视。     

强化他汀治疗对经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后患者肾损伤的保护作用

目的研究强化他汀治疗对经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后肾功能的保护作用和预防对比剂肾病(CIN)的效果,探讨其可能机制。方法 228例接受择期PCI的急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者,随机分为标准他汀治疗组(SSG,n=115)和强化他汀治疗组(ISG,n=113)。于PCI术前7d开始,SSG组患者口服20mg/d辛伐他汀,ISG组患者则口服80mg/d辛伐他汀。于PCI术前、术后24、48h分别测定血清肌酐水平,按Cochcroft-Gault公式计算肌酐清除率。于PCI术前、术后24h分别测定血清高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、P选择素和细胞间黏附分子1(ICAM-1)水平。结果 PCI后血肌酐水平显著升高,并于术后24h达高峰,然后逐渐下降,术后48hISG组血肌酐水平显著回降(与术后24h比较P0.001)至术前水平(P=0.94),而SSG组血肌酐水平未显著回降(与术后24h比,P=0.11)。PCI术后24、48h,ISG组的血肌酐水平均显著低于SSG组(术后24h,P0.05;术后48hP0.001)。PCI术后,两组肌酐清除率均显著降低,最低值出现在术后24h,然后逐渐回升。术后48h,SSG组肌酐清除率显著回升(与术后24h相比,P=0.03),但仍低于术前水平(P0.001),而ISG组术后48h显著回升(与术后24h相比,P0.001)并恢复到术前水平(P=0.87),在术后24、48h,ISG组肌酐清除率的回升程度均显著高于SSG组(均P0.001)。虽然PCI术后血清hs-CRP、P选择素和ICAM-1水平均显著升高(均P0.001),但ISG组低于SSG组(均P0.001)。结论与标准剂量他汀治疗相比,PCI前使用强化剂量他汀治疗可进一步保护PCI术后肾脏功能,降低CIN的发生率。这种益处伴随有血清hs-CRP、P选择素和ICAM-1水平的显著降低。     

Contrast‐induced nephropathy

Contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) is an iatrogenic disorder, resulting from exposure to contrast media. Contrast‐induced hemodynamic and direct cytotoxic effects on renal structures are highly evident in its pathogenesis, whereas other mechanisms are still poorly understood. CIN is typically defined as an increase in serum creatinine by either ≥0.5 mg/dl or by ≥25% from baseline within the first 2–3 days after contrast administration. Although rare in the general population, CIN has a high incidence in patients with an underlying renal disorder, in diabetics, and the elderly. The risk factors are synergistic in their ability to produce CIN. The best way to prevent CIN is to identify the patients at risk and to provide adequate peri‐procedural hydration. The role of various drugs in prevention of CIN is still controversial and warrants future studies. Despite remaining uncertainty regarding the degree of nephrotoxicity produced by various contrast agents, in current practice non‐ionic low‐osmolar contrast media are preferred over the high‐osmolar contrast media in patients with renal impairment. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞性病变介入治疗与造影剂肾病风险的相关性研究

目的探讨冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞性病变(chronic total occlusion,CTO)介入治疗与造影剂肾病发生风险的相关性。方法纳入2013年阜外医院所有接受介入治疗的患者,分为CTO组和非CTO组,分析其造影剂肾病的发生情况及危险因素。结果共入选9924例患者,CTO组(876例)和非CTO组(9048例)患者的造影剂肾病发生率分别为2.2%和1.8%(P=0.454)。经倾向性评分匹配后CTO组(850例)和非CTO组(850例)的造影剂肾病发生率分别为2.2%和1.4%(P=0.204)。经多因素分析,倾向性评分前后,CTO均不是造影剂肾病的独立危险因素(P>0.05)。结论CTO患者和非CTO患者接受介入治疗造影剂肾病发生风险相当。     

对比剂肾病风险评估对冠脉介入诊疗术后肾功能改变的预测价值

目的探讨对比剂肾病(CIN)风险积分对老年及老年前期冠脉介入诊疗术后CIN的预测价值。方法对48例55～88岁缺血性心脏病(IHD)患者冠脉介入诊疗术前和术后第1、3、7天测定血清肌酐(SCr),估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR),超声测定左心室功能,应用临床CIN危险因素和CIN风险积分评估。结果 7例符合CIN标准(CIN组)。与非CIN组比较,CIN组>75岁者及合并危险因素明显增多,CIN风险积分明显增高,基线左室射血分数(LVEF)、短轴缩短率(FS)明显偏低(均P<0.05);CIN风险率预测值与实际病例数相符。患者年龄与基线LVEF、FS负相关,与术后第1天SCr正相关;合并危险因素和风险积分与术后第1、3天的SCr正相关(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论高龄及伴随的心功能减低在CIN发生中具有重要意义。CIN风险积分更为准确地预测中老年IHD患者冠脉介入诊疗术后CIN的发生。     

老年冠心病患者介入治疗术后对比剂肾损伤发生率及危险因素分析

目的探讨老年冠心病患者PCI术后对比剂肾损伤(contrast-induced nephropathy,CIN)发生情况及危险因素。方法选取行PCI的老年冠心病患者945例,按照CIN诊断标准分为CIN组150例和非CIN组795例,比较2组相关因素的差异,应用多元logistic回归分析探讨CIN危险因素。结果 945例老年患者中,150例发生CIN,CIN发生率为15.9%。2组患者年龄、心肌梗死、糖尿病、低血压、红细胞计数、血红蛋白、贫血、LVEF、术前肾小球滤过率(GFR)、对比剂剂量等比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。多元logistic回归分析,心肌梗死、糖尿病、贫血、低血压、LVEF≤45%、GFR≤60 ml/(min·1.73 m~2)、急诊PCI、对比剂剂量>200 ml是老年冠心病患者CIN的危险因素(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论 CIN是老年冠心病患者PCI术后一种不容忽视的并发症,患者行PCI时,应引起临床医师的格外重视。     

冠状动脉造影术和腔内成形术后造影剂肾病与血红蛋白水平的关系

目的: 探讨基础血红蛋白与冠状动脉造影术（CAG）及经皮冠状动脉成形术（PCI）后由于造影剂引起的肾病（Contrast-induced nephropathy,CIN）间的关系。方法: 2005年10月1日～2007年11月31日住院接受CAG及PCI患者1 386例, 均应用低渗非离子型造影剂（碘海醇）。测定介入治疗术前及术后48 h内血清肌酐浓度。若发生CIN,其血清肌酐浓度较基础值升高44 μmol/L,则继续观察血清肌酐浓度至正常。结果: 在1 386例患者中,发生CIN 29例,发生率为2.1%。在基础肌酐清除率<60 ml/min的患者中26.8%的患者出现贫血。在基础肌酐清除率<30 ml/min的患者中,并发贫血与非贫血时CIN的发生率分别为22.3%和14.8%。贫血明显增加了基础肌酐清除率30～59 ml/min患者发生CIN的风险 (5.8% vs 2.8%; P<0.05)。 在CIN组和非CIN组两组患者造影剂剂量接近［(160±72)ml vs (148±68)ml］,无统计学差异。多因素回归因素分析发现基础肌酐清除率、血红蛋白、利尿剂使用是CIN的独立危险因素。当把贫血代替血红蛋白进入回归方程式,它亦是CIN的独立危险因素(OR 2.765, 95%CI 1.486-3.657, P<0.01)。结论: 既往有肾功能不全贫血及使用利尿剂是CIN发生的独立危险因素。     

Multivessel percutaneous coronary intervention without contrast agents

Contrast‐induced nephropathy (CIN) following coronary angiography is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Contrast media volume is the key risk factor for CIN in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing coronary angiography and interventions. Very often, coronary interventions are avoided in such high‐risk patients because of possible significant adverse clinical outcomes. We present a case demonstrating use of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) to guide multivessel percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) performed without any contrast administration in a patient with extreme risk for CIN. With the availability of advanced imaging of the coronary arteries such as high definition IVUS, contrast free PCI is a feasible approach and is associated with significant advantages of reducing or eliminating the development of CIN following PCI. This case report highlights the key practical aspects of performing contrast‐free PCI and the challenges associated with such approach. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

择期冠脉介入患者对比剂肾病影响因素分析

目的分析常规水化治疗情况下择期经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)患者发生对比剂肾病(CIN)的影响因素。方法连续入选我院2010年2月～2011年10月择期行PCI的冠心病患者216例,于冠脉介入围手术期给予0.9%氯化钠以1.5 mL/(kg.h)静点水化治疗,记录患者术前24 h、术后72 h内血肌酐值,分析CIN发生情况及相关影响因素。结果择期冠脉介入患者CIN发生率为8.33%(18/216),与非CIN患者比较,CIN患者年龄升高、更多合并糖尿病、肾功能下降、术中对比剂用量增多(P<0.05或P<0.01)。Logistic回归分析显示,年龄≥70岁、糖尿病、术前eGFR<60 mL/(min.1.73m2)、对比剂用量>150 mL是CIN的独立危险因素(P均<0.01)。结论常规水化治疗下冠脉介入患者仍有8.33%发生CIN,其中年龄、合并糖尿病、术前肾功能下降及对比剂用量是CIN独立危险因素,对于高危患者应高度警惕并积极预防CIN的发生。     

Persistent epicardial adipose tissue accumulation is associated with coronary plaque vulnerability and future acute coronary syndrome in non-obese subjects with coronary artery disease

Objective. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is recognized as a novel risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD), and its contribution is thought to be stronger in non-obese patients than in obese patients. However, the prognostic impact of the progression of EAT accumulation after comprehensive management for atherosclerotic risk factors remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether an increase of the EAT volume during follow-up predicts future acute coronary syndrome (ACS) events in non-obese CAD patients. Methods. This study consisted of 517 non-obese CAD patients (368 men; age, 66 ± 10 years) who underwent serial multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) examinations to evaluate coronary atherosclerosis progression. The MDCT examination was used to assess the severity of stenosis, plaque characteristics, and EAT volume. All patients received comprehensive management to reduce CAD risk factors after the first MDCT examination. The MDCT examination was repeated at 6–24 months, and patients were followed-up for more than 1 year or until the occurrence of ACS events. Results. Of 517 patients, 159 (31%) patients were classified into increase of EAT volume during follow-up, 91 (18%) into decrease of EAT volume during follow-up, and 267 (51%) patients into constant of EAT volume during follow-up. The prevalence of obstructive plaques and MDCT-derived vulnerable features of coronary plaques were significantly elevated in patients with increase of EAT volume during follow-up. In contrast, no significant changes were observed in the other 2 groups. During the follow-up period of 4.1 ± 1.8 years (median 4.4 years) after the second MDCT examination, ACS occurred in 43 (8.3%) patients. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the presence of low-attenuation plaque (hazard ratio [HR]; 1.78, p = 0.04) and napkin-ring sign (HR; 3.74, p < 0.001) at second MDCT examination, and changes of EAT volume per 10 ml (HR; 1.34, p = 0.004) were associated with future ACS events. Conclusion. Patients with increase of EAT volume during follow-up despite comprehensive management for CAD risks had an increased prevalence of obstructive plaques and plaques with high-risk features, which could be associated with unfavorable ACS outcomes in non-obese CAD patients.     

A novel technique for ultra‐low contrast administration during angiography or intervention

Contrast‐induced nephropathy (CIN) after coronary angiography or intervention is associated with substantial morbidity. The data supporting various prophylactic measures and adjunctive therapies to prevent this complication are conflicting. However, contrast volume is clearly related to CIN after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and the risk of CIN has been shown to be directly related to contrast dose. Therefore, minimizing contrast exposure is a primary method to reduce the risk of CIN, especially in at‐risk patients. We report a novel technique designed to deliver ultra‐low (<15 cm³) volume contrast to patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing coronary angiography and PCI. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

造影剂肾病临床相关因素分析

目的:探讨冠状动脉造影(CAG)和经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)患者造影剂肾病(CIN)的危险因素。方法:回顾性分析北京安贞医院2006年1月至2011年10月行CAG或介入治疗患者1 793例,分析CIN发生情况及相关危险因素。所有患者均应用低渗非离子造影剂。结果:CIN总发生率为7.81%(140/1 793),CIN发生率随危险因素的增加而增高。与非CIN患者比较,CIN患者中的老年患者(≥70岁)、女性患者、合并糖尿病、未水化治疗、多支血管病变及基础肾功能不全居多。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄≥70岁、合并糖尿病、术前eGFR<60mL.min-1.1.73m-2、造影剂用量>150mL,是发生CIN的危险因素,水化是减少CIN发生的保护因素。结论:行CAG和PCI的患者CIN率为7.81%,CIN发生率随危险因素的增加而增高。其中年龄、合并糖尿病、术前肾功能不全及造影剂用量是CIN发生的危险因素,术前水化可减少CIN的发生。     

Contrast material-induced renal failure: an overview

The administration of iodinated contrast media (CM) is integral to many cardiovascular procedures. While it is clear that CM provide significant diagnostic benefit, there is some risk of contrast medium-related adverse events in a small percentage of patients. Potentially the most serious complication associated with the use of iodinated contrast agents is contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). Most patients undergoing contrast-enhanced radiographic procedures are not at risk for CIN, however subjects with pre-existing renal insufficiency, diabetes mellitus, or cardiovascular disease receiving intra-arterial administrations of contrast material are at increased risk. Typically, patients with CIN will experience changes in serum creatinine 1-5 days following contrast exposure. While decrements in renal function are generally small and transient, some patients experience a more prolonged decrease and, in rare cases, require dialysis. More importantly, there is substantial literature documenting that patients with CIN after cardiac intervention experience greater morbidity (including prolonged hospitalization) and acute and 1-year mortality. The present article aims to briefly review the pathogenesis of CIN and reviews current opinion on how best to prevent CIN and manage at-risk patients.     

急性冠脉综合征合并恶性肿瘤患者冠脉介入术后的预后分析

目的 探讨急性冠脉综合征(ACS)合并恶性肿瘤患者经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)后的临床特点及其预后.方法 回顾性分析2011年2月至2018年7月于解放军总医院第一医学中心心内科住院治疗的67例急性冠脉综合征合并恶性肿瘤患者的临床资料,患者行PCI后根据其结局将其分为生存组(n=54)和死亡组(n=13),采用多因素Lo...     

应用g-I/eGFR比值预测急性ST段抬高心肌梗死急诊冠状动脉介入术后对比剂肾病的风险

目的探讨g-I/eGFR比值与急诊冠脉介入治疗术后发生对比剂肾病(contrast induced nephropathy,CIN)风险之间的关系,旨在建立一种更简捷合理的预测方法,减少急诊冠脉介入术后CIN的发生。方法回顾性分析2009年1月至2011年3月在北京大学第一医院因急性ST段抬高心肌梗死(ST-segmentel evation myocardial infarction,STEMI)接受急诊冠状动脉介入治疗手术的患者130例,记录术前血肌酐水平、术中对比剂用量、术后48～72h血肌酐水平,计算g-I/eGFR比值及对比剂肾病发生情况。使用SPSS13.0软件对资料进行分析,应用Mann-Whitney U检验了解CIN与各因素间的关系,应用Binary Logistic回归分析对可能影响肾功能的诸多因素进行分析。结果 130例患者中,发生对比剂肾病25例,发生率为19.2%。CIN和非CIN患者在术前及术后血肌酐、g-I/eGFR比值、使用主动脉内球囊反搏方面的差异具有统计学意义。基础肾病、Killip分级>I级、g-I/eGFR比值均与CIN的发生关系密切,其Exp(B)分别为7.742(95%CI0.932～64.301)、3.733(95%CI1.258～11.077)和0.031(95%CI0.002～0.557)。其中g-I/eGFR比值与CIN发生呈负相关(B=-3.476)。结论在急性STEMI行急诊PCI的患者中,基础肾病、心功能不全是CIN发生的危险因素,g-I/eGFR比值与CIN在本研究中呈负相关。     

Contrast medium volume to creatinine clearance ratio: a predictor of contrast-induced nephropathy in the first 72 hours following percutaneous coronary intervention

Objectives : To investigate the predictive value of the contrast media volume to creatinine clearance (V/CrCl) ratio for the risk of contrast‐induced nephropathy (CIN) (i.e., within 48–72 hr) and to determine a relatively safe V/CrCl cut‐off value to avoid CIN in patients following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Background : The V/CrCl ratio is a pharmacokinetic risk factor for an early abnormal increase in serum creatinine (i.e., within 24 hr) after PCI. Methods : V/CrCl ratios were obtained from 1,140 consecutive consenting patients after unselective PCI. Receiver‐operator characteristic (ROC) curves were used to identify the optimal sensitivity for the observed range of V/CrCl. The predictive value of V/CrCl for the risk of CIN was assessed using multivariate logistic regression. Results : Fifty‐five (4.8%) patients out of 1,140 developed CIN. There was a significant association between higher V/CrCl ratio values and risk of CIN in the overall population: 1.4%, 1.4%, 5.7%, and 10.9% for quartile 1 (Q1) of the V/CrCl value (<1.56, n = 283), Q2 (1.56–2.27, n = 289), Q3 (2.28–3.42, n = 282), and Q4 (>3.42, n = 285) of contrast, respectively (P < 0.001). ROC curve analysis indicated that a V/CrCl ratio of 2.62 was a fair discriminator for CIN (C‐statistic 0.73). After adjusting for other known predictors of CIN, V/CrCl ratios > 2.62 remained significantly associated with CIN (odds ratio: 2.20; 95% confidence interval: 1.00–4.81, P < 0.05). Conclusion : A V/CrCl ratio > 2.62 was a significant and independent predictor of CIN after PCI in unselected patients. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc