Parenting aggravation and autism spectrum disorders: 2007 National Survey of Children's Health

Background

Studies suggest autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are associated with high parenting stress and aggravation. Research on specific risk factors is needed.

Objective/Hypotheses

To assess aggravation level among parents of children with and without ASDs.

Methods

The sample of 73,030 children aged 4 to 17 years in the 2007 National Survey of Children’s Health and their parent respondents were divided into mutually exclusive groups based on child ASD status and other special health care needs. Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) for associations between a high Aggravation in Parenting scale score and various risk factors were computed from multivariable models.

Results

High-aggravation percentages were comparable for parents of children with a current ASD (36.6%), ASD reported previously but not currently (35.2%), and another (non-ASD) developmental problem (31.2%) but were significantly lower for parents of children with other special health care needs (6.5%) and no special health care needs (5.1%). Within the current-ASD group, high aggravation was associated with young child age (aPR = 1.8 [1.2-2.6]), lack of health insurance (aPR = 1.5 [1.0-2.4]), lack of a medical home (aPR = 2.2 [1.4-3.5]), recent child mental health treatment (aPR = 2.1 [1.5-3.0]), lack of parenting emotional support (aPR = 1.5 [1.1-2.1]), and ASD severity (aPR = 1.4 [1.0-1.6]). Some of these same factors were associated with aggravation in the non-ASD groups. However, the medical home finding was specific to the ASD groups.

Conclusions

Parenting a child with ASD is associated with high aggravation; however, there is variability within health care and social support subgroups. Strategies to strengthen medical home components for children with ASDs should be considered.     

Parent-reported prevalence of autism spectrum disorders in US-born children: an assessment of changes within birth cohorts from the 2003 to the 2007 National Survey of Children's Health

The prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) from the 2007 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) was twice the 2003 NSCH estimate for autism. From each NSCH, we selected children born in the US from 1990 to 2000. We estimated autism prevalence within each 1-year birth cohort to hold genetic and non-genetic prenatal factors constant. Prevalence differences across surveys thus reflect survey measurement changes and/or external identification effects. In 2003, parents were asked whether their child was ever diagnosed with autism. In 2007, parents were asked whether their child was ever diagnosed with an ASD and whether s/he currently had an ASD. For the 1997-2000 birth cohorts (children aged 3-6 years in 2003 and 7-10 years in 2007), relative increases between 2003 autism estimates and 2007 ASD estimates were 200-600 %. For the 1990-1996 birth cohorts (children aged 7-13 years in 2003) increases were lower; nonetheless, differences between 2003 estimates and 2007 "ever ASD" estimates were >100 % for 6 cohorts and differences between 2003 estimates and 2007 "current ASD" estimates were >80 % for 3 cohorts. The magnitude of most birth cohort-specific differences suggests continuing diagnosis of children in the community played a sizable role in the 2003-2007 ASD prevalence increase. While some increase was expected for 1997-2000 cohorts, because some children have later diagnoses coinciding with school entry, increases were also observed for children ages ≥ 7 years in 2003. Given past ASD subtype studies, the 2003 "autism" question might have missed a modest amount (≤ 33 %) of ASDs other than autistic disorder.     

父母养育方式与学龄孤独症谱系障碍儿童睡眠问题的关联

目的 探讨父母养育方式与学龄孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童睡眠问题的关联性,为开展相应的干预和家庭支持提供参考。方法 在中山大学儿童青少年心理行为研究中心招募就读于普通小学的6～10岁ASD儿童和年龄、性别匹配的典型发展(typically developing, TD)儿童各98名。采用父母行为问卷和儿童睡眠习惯问卷调查父母养育方式和睡眠问题发生情况,评估ASD症状严重程度和智力水平等指标,采用广义线性模型分析父母养育方式与儿童睡眠问题的关联性。结果 两组儿童的父母养育方式各维度得分差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05);ASD儿童的周末睡眠时间低于TD儿童[(9.1±0.7)(9.5±0.8)h,P<0.01],入睡潜伏期延长问题得分高于TD儿童[(1.8±0.7)(1.5±0.7),P<0.01],两组在总的睡眠问题和各类问题的发生率上差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。ASD儿童父母支持/参与的养育方式得分与睡眠问题总分(β=-2.68,95%CI=-4.88～-0.47)、就寝阻抗得分(β=-1.65, 95%CI=-2.54～-0.77)和睡眠焦虑...     

Severe injury among Hispanic and non-Hispanic white children in Washington state

OBJECTIVES: The authors' anecdotal experience at a regional Level I trauma center was that Hispanic children were overrepresented among burn patients, particularly among children with burns due to scalding from hot food. This study describes injury incidence and severity among Hispanic and non-Hispanic white infants, children, and adolescents with serious traumatic injuries in Washington State. METHODS: Data from the Washington State Trauma Registry for 1995-1997 were used to identify injured individuals aged < or = 19 years. Ratios of overall and mechanism-specific injury incidence rates for Hispanic children relative to non-Hispanic white children were calculated using denominator estimates derived from U.S. Census Bureau population data. Hispanic children and non-Hispanic white children were also compared on several measures of severity of injury. RESULTS: In 1995-1997, serious traumatic injuries were reported to the Registry for 231 Hispanic children aged < or = 19 years (rate: 54 per 100,000 person-years) and for 2,123 non-Hispanic white children (56 per 100,000 person-years), yielding an overall rate ratio (RR) of 1.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.8, 1.1). Motor vehicle crashes and falls accounted for one-third to one-half of the injuries for each group. Infants, children, and adolescents identified as Hispanic had higher rates of injuries related to hot objects (i.e., burns) (RR=2.3; 95% CI 1.3, 4.1), guns (RR=2.2; 95% CI 1.5 to 3.3), and being cut or pierced (RR=3.5; 95% CI 2.2 to 5.5). The Hispanic group had a lower injury rate for motor vehicle accidents (RR=0.7; 95% CI 0.5, 0.9). Mortality rates were similar (RR=1.1; 95% CI 0.7, 1.7). The mean length of hospital stay was 5.5 days for the Hispanic group and 8.8 days for the non-Hispanic white group (difference=3.3 days; 95% CI -0.7, 7.4). CONCLUSIONS: The study found little difference between Hispanic and non-Hispanic white infants, children, and adolescents in the burden of traumatic pediatric injury. However, burns, guns, drowning, and being pierced/cut appeared to be particularly important mechanisms of injury for Hispanic children. More specific investigations targeted toward these injury types are needed to identify the underlying preventable risk factors involved.     

Cigarette use among Hispanic and non-Hispanic white school children, Albuquerque, New Mexico.

We conducted a survey of cigarette usage among Hispanic and non-Hispanic White school children in Albuquerque, New Mexico. The distributions of current, experimental, and never smokers were similar in the two groups. Among smokers, the average weekly cigarette consumption was 19 for Hispanic White males, 14 for non-Hispanic White males, 16 for non-Hispanic White females, and nine for Hispanic White females. Educational programs are needed to maintain the low-risk status of Southwestern Hispanics for cigarette-related diseases.     

孤独谱系障碍患儿症状及行为学表现与父母情绪障碍相关研究

目的研究孤独谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorder,ASD)患儿的症状特点、心理问题及对父母情绪障碍的影响。方法分别使用孤独症行为量表和长处与困难问卷对593名患儿进行行为学表现和心理评估,同时使用抑郁自评量表、焦虑自评量表评估患儿父母的情绪障碍表现。结果在情绪及多动注意不能和困难总分方面,高年龄组的患儿表现出了更多的困难(F=4.361,P=0.013;F=16.029,P=0.000;F=9.638,P=0.013),同时在亲社会行为方面,高年龄组则表现更好(F=11.052,P=0.000);无论在焦虑或是抑郁障碍,母亲更易患情绪障碍(χ2=15.893,P=0.000;χ2=27.592,P=0.000);父母的抑郁,焦虑情绪与ASD患儿的多个行为学表现维度相关,并直接受症状严重程度的影响。结论ASD患儿行为学表现在不同年龄段表现不同,体现在情绪、多动注意不能及亲社会行为方面;母亲往往比父亲更易患有情绪障碍,父母亲的情绪障碍受ASD患儿的多个行为表现维度影响,应引起注意。     

孤独症谱系障碍儿童运动功能与核心症状的关联

目的 了解孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童运动功能和社交沟通障碍、重复刻板行为之间的关系,为ASD儿童的诊断和干预提供参考依据。方法 在广州市孤独症儿童精准康复服务定点康复机构招募2～12岁ASD儿童123例,其中男童105例,女童18例。采用儿童发育性运动协调障碍问卷、社交沟通量表、重复刻板行为检查表分别评估儿童的运动功能、社交沟通能力和重复刻板行为,通过多重线性回归分析ASD儿童运动功能和核心症状的关系。结果 2～5岁儿童中,非运动功能缺陷者社交互动领域(7.73±4.00)得分低于运动功能缺陷者(9.76±2.90)(Z=-2.29,P<0.05);6～12岁儿童中,非运动功能缺陷者的重复及刻板的行为模式领域(4.22±1.93)、重复感觉运动型(3.91±2.63)、坚持一致型(13.52±10.59)得分低于运动功能缺陷者(6.11±1.54,14.00±8.49,31.33±15.05)(Z值分别为-2.48,-3.83,-3.28,P值均<0.01)。多重线性回归分析显示,2～5和6～12岁ASD儿童的精细运动/书写能力和运动中的控制能力分别与社交沟通障碍、重复刻...     

孤独症谱系障碍儿童严重挑食与核心症状的关联

目的 分析孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童严重挑食与其核心症状之间的关联,为ASD儿童的早期识别和精准干预提供参考.方法 纳入2018年5月～2019年12月在全国13城市的13家医院招募的2～7岁1 349名ASD儿童,1 170名典型发育(TD)儿童;采用自制问卷调查挑食情况,采用孤独症行为量表(ABC)、社会反应量表...     

孤独症儿童家庭养育环境特征及与神经心理发育相关性

目的 描述孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童和发育迟缓儿童家庭养育环境分布差异,分析ASD儿童家庭养育环境与发育评估结果的相关性。方法 选取2018年1月—2020年8月在马鞍山市妇幼保健院儿童心理保健科就诊的ASD儿童(n=42)和发育迟缓儿童(n=48)为研究对象。两组儿童均要求完成Gesell发育量表评估,同时要求家长填写《家庭养育环境量表》。结果 本研究中家庭养育环境整体评价结果中“不良环境”33例,占36.7%。其中ASD组家庭养育“不良环境”12例,占28.6%,低于发育迟缓组(43.8%)。ASD儿童“情感温暖”不良的检出率高于发育迟缓组儿童(Z=2.490,P<0.05),家庭养育环境其他维度两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。此外,家庭养育环境不良的ASD儿童其适应性行为评分均数偏低(F=3.662,P<0.05)。结论 ASD儿童的养育环境促进应受到关注,家庭干预和家长教育可能促进改善其康复效果。     

孤独症谱系障碍儿童干预成效与父母焦虑抑郁状态变化的关系

目的探讨孤独症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorder,ASD)儿童的父母焦虑抑郁状态变化及对儿童康复干预成效的影响。方法对2009年1月-2011年12月在该院确诊的孤独症儿童48例及其父母96名分别进行孤独症行为量表(Autism Behavior Checklist,ABC)、儿童期孤独症评定量表(The Childhood Autism Rating Scale,CARS)、抑郁自评量表(Self-rating Depression Scale,SDS)和焦虑自评量表(Self-rating Anxiety Scale,SAS)评估,并在2014年12月-2015年3月期间对上述儿童及其家长进行第2次评估。由于纵向研究时间较长,部分脱落,最终实际调查孤独症儿童40例及其父母80名。结果 ASD儿童初评ABC、CARS得分为(103.96±31.85)分、(37.96±4.90)分,复评(95.50±26.79)分、(35.45±5.40)分,复评得分显著低于初评得分(t=2.57,P0.05;t=4.475,P0.01);父亲SDS、SAS初评得分(46.05±12.00)分、(37.20±9.21)分,复评(45.3±11.60)分、(38.15±8.57)分,初复评比较差异无统计学意义(t=0.50,P0.05;t=-0.94,P0.05);母亲SDS、SAS初评得分(46.35±12.18)分、(39.58±12.30)分,复评(45.03±13.11)分、(41.70±12.28)分,初复评比较差异无统计学意义(t=0.71,P0.05;t=-1.26,P0.05)。母亲SAS初评分与ASD儿童CARS变化值有相关性(r=-0.351,P0.05);父亲SAS初评分、母亲SAS、母亲SDS初评分与ASD儿童ABC变化值有相关性(r=-0.323,P0.05;r=-0.328,P0.05;r=-0.368,P0.05)。结论孤独症儿童阶段性干预成效显著,但是父母的焦虑抑郁状态持续存在,并对儿童康复干预成效产生显著影响。     

Advanced parental age and the risk of autism spectrum disorder

This study evaluated independent effects of maternal and paternal age on risk of autism spectrum disorder. A case-cohort design was implemented using data from 10 US study sites participating in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network. The 1994 birth cohort included 253,347 study-site births with complete parental age information. Cases included 1,251 children aged 8 years with complete parental age information from the same birth cohort and identified as having an autism spectrum disorder based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision criteria. After adjustment for the other parent's age, birth order, maternal education, and other covariates, both maternal and paternal age were independently associated with autism (adjusted odds ratio for maternal age > or =35 vs. 25-29 years = 1.3, 95% confidence interval: 1.1, 1.6; adjusted odds ratio for paternal age > or =40 years vs. 25-29 years = 1.4, 95% confidence interval: 1.1, 1.8). Firstborn offspring of 2 older parents were 3 times more likely to develop autism than were third- or later-born offspring of mothers aged 20-34 years and fathers aged <40 years (odds ratio = 3.1, 95% confidence interval: 2.0, 4.7). The increase in autism risk with both maternal and paternal age has potential implications for public health planning and investigations of autism etiology.     

孤独症谱系障碍男童视觉相关脑区与全脑功能连通性特征

目的 探讨孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童静息态下视觉脑区与全脑功能连接特征,并与症状进行关联性分析,以揭示ASD儿童视觉异常行为背后的脑功能连接特征.方法 收集黑龙江省孤独症定点康复机构招募的2018-2019年间进行康复训练的ASD男童(34例)和在哈尔滨市多家幼儿园公开招募的健康对照男童(29例)的功能磁共振(fMR...     

Self-rated health among Hispanic vs non-Hispanic white adults: the San Luis Valley Health and Aging Study.

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated whether objective health indicators explained lower self-rated health among Hispanics compared with non-Hispanic Whites. It also considered socioeconomic and cultural explanations. METHODS: Health ratings of 429 Hispanics and 583 non-Hispanic Whites aged 20 through 74 were analyzed with logistic regression. RESULTS: Illness indicators were found to be strongly correlated with self-rated health in both ethnic groups, but after such markers were controlled for, Hispanics remained 3.6 times more likely to report fair or poor health (95% confidence interval = 2.4, 5.3). Adjustment for socioeconomic factors accounted for a portion of Hispanics' lower health rating, but the strongest explanatory factor was acculturation. CONCLUSIONS: Because of cultural and economic influences on definitions of health, ethnic differences in self-assessed health may not accurately reflected patterns resulting from objective health measurements.     

Beliefs about causes of autism and vaccine hesitancy among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder

Vaccine hesitancy may be more common among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We examined factors associated with ASD-specific vaccine hesitancy among caregivers of children with ASD who participated in the SPARK study (Simons Foundation Powering Autism Research for Knowledge). 225 participants completed an online survey containing the Parent Attitudes About Childhood Vaccines (PACV) questionnaire (measure of vaccine hesitancy) and the Illness Perception Questionnaire revised for parents of children with ASD (IPQ-R-ASD; measure of parents’ views about ASD). 65 participants (28.8%) were vaccine hesitant (PACV score ≥ 50); children of vaccine-hesitant parents (VHPs) were less likely to be first born (n = 27, 41.5%), had greater ASD-symptom severity (mean Social Communication Questionnaire score = 23.9, SD = 6.9), and were more likely to have experienced developmental regression (n = 27, 50.9%) or plateau (n = 37, 69.8%). Compared to non-hesitant parents, VHPs significantly more often endorsed accident/injury, deterioration of the child’s immune system, diet, environmental pollution, general stress, parents’ negative views, parents’ behaviors/decisions, parents’ emotional state, and vaccines as causes for ASD. VHPs also had higher scores on the Personal Control, Treatment Control, Illness Coherence, and Emotional Representations subscales of the IPQ-R than did non-hesitant parents. In the final model, ASD-related vaccine hesitancy was significantly associated with higher scores on the Emotional Representations subscale (OR = 1.13, p = 0.10), agreement with deterioration of the child’s immunity as a cause of ASD (OR = 12.47, p < 0.001), the child not having achieved fluent speech (OR = 2.67, p = 0.17), and the child experiencing a developmental plateau (OR = 3.89, p = 0.002). Findings suggest that a combination of child functioning and developmental history, as well as parents’ negative views about and their sense of control over ASD, influence vaccine hesitancy among parents of children with ASD.     

A comparison of autism spectrum disorder DSM-IV criteria and associated features among African American and white children in Philadelphia County

BackgroundRacial differences are documented in the timing and type of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis among white and African American children. Differences in clinical presentation by race may contribute to these disparities. This study explores documented differences in core ASD symptoms and associated behavioral features among African American and white children.MethodsThis project is a secondary data analysis from the Pennsylvania Autism and Developmental Disabilities Surveillance Program and utilized methodology that evaluates existing records, reviews, and codes for DSM-IV criteria for ASD and 12 associated behavioral features. The sample comprised 343 children meeting surveillance case definition for ASD, from 3 population-based cohorts of children in Philadelphia County.ResultsA higher frequency of white children compared to African American children with ASD have documented DSM-IV criteria of inflexible adherence to nonfunctional routines/rituals (92% vs 81%; p = .005) and persistent preoccupation with parts of objects (67% vs 50%; p = .002). A higher frequency of white children with ASD compared to African American children with ASD have documented abnormal motor development (74% vs 60%; p = .008) and odd responses to sensory stimuli (76% vs 51%; p < .001). There were no significant differences in externalizing behaviors or reciprocal social interaction.ConclusionsThis study suggests differences in the types of ASD symptoms and associated behavioral features exhibited by African American as compared to white children with ASD. Further research is needed to determine if these differences contribute to disparities in the timing or type of ASD diagnosis.     

中国孤独症儿童早期症状识别与诊断状况

目的 探索中国在孤独症(ASD)儿童诊断方面的变化.方法 2020年9月通过中国特殊儿童评估干预平台(ALSOLIrE)收集6498名1～6和6～16岁孤独症儿童家庭为研究对象,使用互联网问卷调查其发现症状和诊断情况,利用ANOVA进行均值比较,运用x2检验比较组间对于发现症状时间、首诊时间、确诊时间和相关诊断延迟...     

Parental concern regarding obesity in children with autism spectrum disorder in the United States: National Survey of Children's Health 2016

Background

The prevalence of obesity in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exceeds that of the general population, but the level of parental concern about obesity in these children is unexplored.