基于深度学习的消化内镜检查辅助质量控制系统研究（含视频）

目的构建智能消化内镜质控系统并评估其在胃肠镜检查中的质量监控作用。方法基于医学数字成像与通信协议,获取武汉大学人民医院消化内镜中心2016年12月—2018年10月胃肠镜检查患者的电子医疗记录和图像,采用深度卷积神经网络和深度强化学习方法开发智能消化内镜质控系统。该系统运用回盲部识别模型、体内外图像识别模型以及胃的26个部位识别模型,监控达盲率、肠镜退镜时间、胃镜检查时间、胃镜检查覆盖部位数等质控指标。随机选取武汉大学人民医院消化内镜中心2019年3—11月83例胃镜检查和205例肠镜检查患者的图像,测试智能消化内镜质控系统质量控制功能的准确性。结果智能消化内镜质控系统由胃镜质量分析、肠镜质量分析组成,可随时自动生成包含各质控指标的内镜医师胃肠镜检查质控报告。该系统监控的达盲率、肠镜退镜时间、胃镜检查时间和胃镜检查覆盖部位数的准确率分别为92.5%（172/186）、91.7%（188/205）、100.0%（83/83）和89.3%（1 928/2 158）。结论智能消化内镜质控系统可实现胃肠镜检查的质量监控作用,以便内镜医师了解自身的工作情况,从而提升胃肠镜检查质量。     

Video capsule endoscopy compared with standard endoscopy for the evaluation of small-bowel polyps in persons with familial adenomatous polyposis (with video)

BACKGROUND: Video capsule endoscopy (VCE) may be useful for surveillance of small-bowel polyps in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). OBJECTIVE: To compare VCE to standard endoscopy for diagnosing small-bowel polyps in a defined segment of small bowel (proximal to a tattoo) and the entire examined small bowel. DESIGN: Prospective. SETTING: Single tertiary referral center. PATIENTS: Participants with FAP (n = 32). The majority were selected for their high number of proximal small-bowel polyps and prior endoscopic tattoo placement in the proximal small bowel. INTERVENTIONS: VCE (interpreted by 2 readers), push enteroscopy (PE), and lower endoscopy (LE) to count and measure small-bowel polyps. RESULTS: In the defined segment, VCE detected a median of 10.0 (interquartile range [IQR], 5.0-19.0) and 9.0 (IQR, 6.0-16.0) polyps for each reader compared with a median of 41.0 (IQR, 19.0-64.0) polyps on PE (P = .002). Agreement between the 2 methods was fair (kappa = 0.34, 0.36). Agreement between VCE and PE was poor to fair (kappa = 0.10, 0.22) for estimating the size of the largest polyp and poor (kappa = -0.20, -0.27) for detecting large polyps (> or =1 cm). In the entire examined small bowel, VCE diagnosed a median of 38.0 (IQR, 10.5-71.5) and 54.0 (IQR, 13.0-100.0) polyps for each reader compared with a median of 123.0 (IQR, 38.5-183.0) for combination endoscopy (PE and LE) (P < .001). Agreement between the 2 methods was fair to moderate (kappa = 0.21, 0.56). LIMITATIONS: Participants selected for high polyp burden, and results may not be applicable to all patients with FAP. CONCLUSIONS: VCE underestimates the number of small-bowel polyps in persons with FAP and does not reliably detect large polyps.     

Endoscopic management of internally migrated pancreatic duct stents (with video)

Background and Aims

Spontaneous intestinal migration of pancreatic stents is a known phenomenon. However, retrieval of a proximally migrated pancreatic stent (PMPS) poses a therapeutic challenge. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate technical success of endoscopic retrograde of cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for extraction of PMPS, including number of sessions, need of surgery for failures and intervention-induced adverse events. The secondary outcome was to evaluate long-term effects of PMPS on the ductal morphology.

Methods

Data of patients undergoing pancreatic stenting since January 2007 was reviewed. Fourteen patients were found to have PMPS. The level of stent migration was divided into two categories: level 1: retropapillary migration of the stent, the distal end seen till the genu (n?=?6). Level II: PMPS with distal end seen beyond genu (n?=?8). The stents were placed due to following reasons, prophylactic pancreatic stenting after common bile duct stone extraction (n?=?6), pancreatic endotherapy for chronic pancreatitis (n?=?7), and recurrent acute pancreatitis with incomplete pancreas divisum (n?=?1). ERCP was done using Olympus TJF 160/180 duodenoscope. Stent extraction was initially attempted using rat tooth forceps, snare with or without wire, wire-guided basket, and in case of failures, pancreatoscope was used (Boston Scientific, USA).

Results

PMPS could successfully be retrieved in 13 out of 14 patients (92.8 %). Stents were retrieved using stone extraction balloon in two (14.2 %), modified angiography balloon in one (7 %), rat tooth in three patients (21.4 %), over-the-wire snare in three patients (21.4 %), lasso technique in one (7 %), and under pancreatoscope guidance in three patients (21.4 %). Adverse events encountered were mild pancreatitis (n?=?2, 14 %) and self-limited bleeding (n?=?2, 14 %).

Conclusions

Endotherapy of PMPS could be complex and associated with adverse events. Level II-migrated stents may require specialized methods like pancreatoscopy for stent retrieval.

     

Experimental study on the friction effect of plastic stents for biliary stone fragmentation (with video)

Background and Aim

In patients with irretrievable or intractable bile duct stone, temporary insertion of a plastic stent (PS) followed by further endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) or surgery has been recommended as a ‘bridge’ therapy. However, the exact mechanism of stone fragmentation has not been discovered. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether PS shape can facilitate stone fragmentation.

Methods

Using a new in vitro bile flow phantom model, we compared the friction effect among three different PS groups (straight PS group, double pigtail‐shaped PS group, and screw‐shaped PS group) and a control group. Each group had 10 silicon tube blocks that separately contained one stone and two PS. The control group had 10 blocks each with only a stone and no PS. We carried out analysis of the friction effect by stone weight and volume changes among the groups, excluding fragmented stones.

Results

After 8 weeks, complete fragmentation was noted in one out of 34 cholesterol stones (2.9%) and in four out of six pigmented stones (66.7%). Fragmentation tended to be more prominent in the screw‐shaped PS group than in the straight PS group, double pigtail‐shaped group, and control group (volume change: ?11.33%, 7.94%, 4.43%, and 2.05%, respectively, P = 0.1390; weight change: ?9.30%, 0.71%, ?0.10%, and ?1.23%, respectively, P = 0.3553).

Conclusion

Stone fragmentation may be induced by PS friction effect. Also, screw‐shaped plastic stents may improve friction effect. These results may help guide future PS development and clinical decisions.