月经期的急性缺血性卒中患者应用阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗的安全性研究

目的了解月经期的急性缺血性卒中患者应用阿替普酶静脉溶栓的安全性和可行性。方法选取2013年1月~2015年12月在天津市环湖医院神经内科应用阿替普酶进行静脉溶栓治疗的急性缺血性卒中患者3100例,其中女性在月经期进行静脉溶栓的患者6例,回顾性分析6例在月经期内的急性缺血性卒中患者应用阿替普酶静脉溶栓前后凝血酶原时间(PT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、血红蛋白含量(Hb)的变化,比较其差异,用卫生巾的用量来估算并记录患者月经量,记录静脉溶栓后7 d内症状性颅内出血的发生率。结果静脉溶栓后患者凝血酶时间延长,纤维蛋白原下降,前后比较差异有统计学意义;溶栓后凝血酶原时间延长,部分活化的凝血酶时间缩短,血红蛋白增高,前后比较差异均无统计学意义。上个月患者的月经血量为(50±10.49)ml,溶栓后6位患者的月经量为(65±4.47)ml,溶栓后出现月经量增加,但均未出现月经量过多。溶栓后7 d内6例患者均未出现症状性颅内出血。结论月经期的急性缺血性卒中患者应用阿替普酶静脉溶栓可引起月经量增加,但不引起月经量过多,不增加患者7 d内的症状性颅内出血几率,其安全性得到证实。     

Forearm compartment syndrome following intravenous thrombolytic therapy for acute ischemic stroke

Introduction: Minor and major bleeding complications have occurred following thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke. However, compartment syndrome has not been reported among these incidences. Methods and Results: This article presents a case of a forearm compartment syndrome in a patient with stroke who had fallen at the time of the infarction and was treated with tissue plasminogen activator. We wish to forewarn clinicians who may encounter similar cases. Conclusion: Patients suffering from stroke who fall are at risk of developing a compartment syndrome; the early diagnosis is often difficult, the sequelae can be devastating, and wrestling with the benefits and risks of reversing the coagulopathy in the acute phase of a cerebral infarction is a challenge.     

动脉溶栓与静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的有效性和安全性

目的 观察动脉溶栓与静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死(ACI)的疗效和安全性.方法 对65例ACI患者随机分为两组:(1)动脉溶栓组21例,应用尿激酶25～50万U经股动脉选择性动脉溶栓治疗;(2)静脉溶栓组44例,应用尿激酶150万U行静脉溶栓治疗.分别于溶栓前、后不同时间行欧洲卒中量表(ESS)评分.分别于溶栓前和溶栓后6 h、3 d、7 d测定凝血酶(TT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB).溶栓后24 h复查头颅CT.结果 (1)动脉溶栓组溶栓后2 h、6 h、24 h、3 d ESS评分高于静脉溶栓组(均P＜0.05).(2)动脉溶栓组总有效率为95.1%,残疾率为4.9%.静脉溶栓组总有效率为90.91%,残疾率为9.09%;两组1个月时总有效率相比差异无显著性,但静脉溶栓组致残率(9.09%)明显高于动脉溶栓组(4.9%)(P＜0.01).(3)脑血管造影结果:动脉溶栓组溶栓后完全再通61.9%,部分再通23.8%,血管总再通率为85.7%.(4)凝血指标:溶栓后6 h、3 d、7 d TT与PT静脉溶栓组较动脉溶栓组明显延长(均P＜0.05);6 h、3 Dfib明显下降(P＜0.05).(5)动脉溶栓组中梗死灶内出血3例,静脉溶栓组中脑实质内出血4例.结论 动、静脉溶栓治疗ACI均有较好的疗效和相对安全性.动脉溶栓显著改善神经功能缺损症状,减轻残疾,早期疗效优于静脉溶栓组.     

合并脑微出血急性缺血性脑卒中患者静脉溶栓治疗的风险评估及安全性研究

目的研究脑微出血是否增加急性缺血性脑卒中静脉溶栓治疗脑出血的风险。方法对2015年7月-2016年7月期间天津市环湖医院神经内科四病区发病4.5 h内接受阿替普酶(recombinant tissue plasminogen activator,rtPA)急性缺血性脑卒中患者206例进行回顾性研究:发病4.5 h内接受阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗的206例患者,溶栓前根据头部MRI检查分为微出血组89例,无微出血组117例;主要观察指标是溶栓后住院期间症状性及非症状性脑出血发生率和3个月良好预后率,次要观察指标是3个月生存率。结果含铁血黄素沉积组症状性脑出血共2例(2.2%),与无含铁血黄素沉积组3例(2.6%)相比,两组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.874)。含铁血黄素沉积组非症状性脑出血共4例(4.5%),与无含铁血黄素沉积组2例(1.7%)相比,两组间差异无统计学意义。3个月神经功能获得良好预后,含铁血黄素组共计41例(46.1%),无含铁血黄素组62例(52.9%),两组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.325)。含铁血黄素沉积组3个月生存率92.1%,无含铁血黄素沉积组为95.7%,两组间差异无统计学意义。结论急性缺血性脑卒中患者合并脑微出血(CMB)与静脉溶栓治疗后出血性转化无显著相关。     

Reasons for exclusion from thrombolytic therapy following acute ischemic stroke

Despite evidence for the efficacy of thrombolytic therapy in acute ischemic stroke, only 1 to 7% of patients receive this therapy. The authors sought to determine the reasons for exclusion from tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in an acute setting and found avoidable causes in 18% of patients. Improvements in intrahospital coordination would increase the number of patients who might benefit from tPA treatment at the authors' center.     

Outcomes of Thai patients with acute ischemic stroke after intravenous thrombolysis

The purpose of this study was to assess outcomes in Thai patients after treatment with intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) and to determine the factors associated with good outcome and death.MethodsPatients with acute ischemic stroke who were treated with intravenous rtPA at Thammasat University Hospital between June 2007 and April 2010 were included. The measured outcome variables were good outcome (mRS 0,1) and death at 3 months. Stepwise multivariable analyses were performed by including the prespecified factors that were associated with the measured outcome variables in the univariate analysis.ResultsThe sample size was 197 patients. At 3 months, 93 patients (47%) had good outcomes while 23 patients (12%) died within the same period. Severe stroke (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.08–0.44, p-value < 0.0001) and history of hypertension (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.16–0.93, p-value = 0.033) were independently related to bad outcome at 3 months, while receiving intravenous nicardipine (OR 2.76, 95% CI 1.09–6.94, p-value = 0.032) was associated with good outcome. Severe stroke (OR 5.89, 95% CI 1.29–26.85, p-value = 0.022) and pretreatment high blood glucose levels (OR 8.06, 95% CI 1.21–53.62, p-value = 0.031) each were independently associated with patient death.ConclusionsStandard-dose intravenous rtPA in a cohort of Thai patients led to better clinical outcomes and comparable death rates when compared to other Asian cohorts receiving intravenous rtPA. Several factors were independently associated with patient outcomes at 3 months.     

Hyperacute thrombolysis with IV rtPA of acute ischemic stroke: efficacy and safety profile of 54 patients at a tertiary referral center in a developing country

BACKGROUND: Given the constraints of resources, thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is under evaluation in developing countries. Prothrombin time (PT), platelet count and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) may not be feasible within the time window. AIM: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of thrombolysis in selected patients without the coagulation profile. DESIGN: Open, nonrandomized, observational study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-four stroke patients were classified using TOAST criteria (large artery atherosclerotic = 13; cardioembolic = 12; small vessel occlusion = 22; other determined etiology =three; undetermined etiology = four). The mean time to reach emergency was 2.4h (1.15-3.4), the mean door to CT, 24 min (10-47) and the door to recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (r-tPA) injection, 26.8 min (25-67). The NIHSS scores ranged from 11 to 22 (mean = 15.5 +/- 2.7). Patients with history of liver or renal disease or those on anticoagulants were excluded. The PT, aPTT and platelet count were not done. Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator was administered at a dosage of 0.9 mg/Kg. RESULTS: Thirty-five patients (65%) significantly improved on NIHSS at 48 h (> or =4 points) (mean change = 10; range= 4-17). At one month, 43 (79%) improved on Barthel Index (mean change = 45%). One each developed small frontal lobe hemorrhage and recurrent stroke; one died of aspiration; and eight showed no improvement. CONCLUSIONS: Hyperacute thrombolysis was found useful and safe in selected patients with AIS even without the coagulation studies.     

急性缺血性卒中溶栓治疗进展的循证医学证据

脑卒中是人类第二位致死原因和成人主要致残原因,其中缺血性卒中占43.70% ～ 78.90%.在我国,每年新发脑卒中(116 ～ 219)/10 万人,脑卒中发病率(259.86 ～ 719.00)/10 万.脑卒中严重危害着人类的健康,给患者家庭及社会造成沉重负担[1].关于急性缺血性卒中预防和治疗的研究不乏文献报道,但高级别证据证实有效的方法仅包括卒中单元、超早期溶栓治疗和阿司匹林治疗等.     

Multicenter initial experience with the EmboTrap device in acute anterior ischemic stroke

Background and purpose

Mechanical thrombectomy predominantly using stent retrievers effectively restores cerebral blood flow and improves functional outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke. We sought to determine the safety and efficacy of mechanical thrombectomy using the EmboTrap device.

Evaluation of the role of susceptibility-weighted imaging in thrombolytic therapy for acute ischemic stroke

We inspected low-intensity venous signals and microbleeds in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) using susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) before and after administration of within-thrombolytic-time-window thrombolytic therapies, and observed their prognosis and safety, in order to guide individualized thrombolytic therapies. Patients with AIS were divided into groups A or B according to the presence of symmetric or asymmetric veins on SWI, and were re-inspected by SWI after intravenous thrombolysis using recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA). The National Institutes of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) score before treatment and at 1-h and 24-h posttreatment in the two groups were 11.9, 7.3, and 7.1 in group A, 12.4, 8.2, and 7.9 in group B, significant difference was detected between the two groups after treatment. The 90-day mortality rate was 0, and the incidences of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) and symptomatic cerebral hemorrhage (SCH) were 17.6%, and 0% in group A, 25.6% and 0% in group B, respectively. The incidences of CMBs and SCH in group A were lower than those in group B, but the intergroup differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The 90-day neurological improvement rates in the two groups were 70.2% and 58.1%, respectively, and group A showed a significantly better prognosis than group B (P < 0.05). Thus, low-intensity venous signals in SWI can be used to evaluate a low level of perfusion, post-thrombolytic prognosis, and bleeding indexes, and can therefore be used to guide individualized thrombolytic therapies.