胃腺癌发生过程中Fas、Bax蛋白表达的变化

目的：为探讨Ｆａｓ、Ｂａｘ基因在胃癌发生过程中的意义。方法：用免疫组化ＡＢＣ方法检测了４８例胃腺癌组织，７４例非癌胃粘膜组织。结果：重度不典型增生组织及癌组织中Ｆａｓ蛋白表达率分别为３７５％、４５８％较正常胃粘膜上皮的８２３％显著下降（Ｐ＜００５），轻、重不典型增生组织及癌组织中Ｂａｘ蛋白表达率为４２８％，５００％，４３６％较正常胃粘膜上皮的８８２％显著下降（Ｐ＜００５）。中、高分化胃癌Ｆａｓ、Ｂａｘ蛋白阳性表达率显著高于低分化癌（Ｐ＜００５）。并且Ｆａｓ与Ｂａｘ在组织中的表达呈相关性（Ｐ＜００５）。结论：Ｆａｓ、Ｂａｘ蛋白表达变化发生在胃粘膜癌变的早期阶段，并可能与癌的进展密切相关，Ｆａｓ与Ｂａｘ在胃癌发生发展中有显著的相关性。     

视网膜母细胞瘤Bcl—2和Bax基因蛋白质表达

目的：研究凋亡及凋亡调控基因Ｂｃｌ－２／Ｂａｘ和视网膜母细胞瘤（Ｒｅｔｉｎｏｂｌａｓｔｏｍａ，ＲＢ）的发生、发展及退化的关系。方法：收集ＲＢ标本，对其分别进行Ｂｃｌ－２和Ｂａｘ基因的蛋白质免疫组织化学染色。对其表达情况和染色强度进行观察。结果：①Ｂｃｌ－２在分化型ＲＢ中表达比较好；②Ｂａｘ在未分化型和分化型中表达都比较好。结论：①分化型和未分化型ＲＢ中都有Ｂｃｌ－２／Ｂａｘ基因蛋白表达；②随ＲＢ恶     

促凋亡基因Bax在膀胱癌表达的免疫组化检测

目的：研究促凋亡基因Ｂａｘ在膀胱移行细胞癌（ＴＣＣ）中的表达，探讨Ｂａｘ在ＴＣＣ发生、发展中的作用和预后复发中的意义。方法：采用兔抗人Ｂａｘ多克隆抗体及Ｓ－Ｐ免疫组化法检测。结果：５６例ＴＣＣ中有３４例Ｂａｘ蛋白表达阳性，阳性率６０．７％。２０例正常膀胱粘膜中有６例表达阳性，阳性率３０％。两组差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）。Ｂａｘ蛋白表达部位在细胞胞浆中。Ｂａｘ蛋白表达与病理分级、临床分期及肿瘤复发无显著相关性。结论：促凋亡基因Ｂａｘ在大部分ＴＣＣ中具有不同程度的表达与其发生有关，与ＴＣＣ分级、分期及复发无关。     

促凋亡基因bax在胆管癌中的表达与意义

目的：研究促凋亡基因ｂａｘ在胆管癌（ＣＨＣ）中的表达与意义。方法：采用兔抗人Ｂａｘ多克隆抗体及免疫组织化学ＳＡＢＣ法。结果：在７２例ＣＨＣ中，Ｂａｘ阳性４４例（６１．１％）；用于对照的２５例肝细胞肝癌的癌旁肝组织汇管区胆管上皮Ｂａｘ阳性８例（３２％）。ｂａｘ在ＣＨＣ中的表达强于正常对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１），在其中５３例高、中分化的ＣＨＣ的表达强于在１９例低分化ＣＨＣ的表达（Ｐ〈０．０１），在肝内胆管     

血管内皮生长因子 C在胃癌组织中的表达及其对肿瘤淋巴转移的影响

目的：检测血管内皮生长因子Ｃ（ＶＥＧＦ－Ｃ）在胃癌组织中的表达及其与肿瘤淋巴转移的关系。方法：采用免疫组化ＳＡＢＣ法检测５６例胃癌组织中ＶＥＧＦ－Ｃ的表达及定位。结果：５６例中１８例ＶＥＧＦ－Ｃ染色阳性，阳性率３２％，阳性物质主要位于肿瘤细胞胞浆内，在有淋巴结转移的胃癌组织中明显高于无淋巴结转移组织，低分化胃癌中的表达明显高于高、中分化胃癌。结论：ＶＥＧＦＣ的表达与胃癌肿瘤细胞的淋巴转移密切相关。     

Bax和P53蛋白在肝硬变和肝细胞肝癌组织中的表达及其间的…

目的：检测肝硬变和肝细胞肝癌中Ｂａｘ基因产物及Ｐ５３蛋白的表达并分析其间的关系。方法：免疫组织化学ＳＡＢＣ法。结果：Ｂａｘ蛋白定位于细胞浆中，Ｐ５３蛋白定位于细胞核或（和）细胞浆中，Ｂａｘ蛋白在肝硬变中和ＨＣＣ中表达阳性率分别为９６．２％和５０％（Ｐ〈０．０１），Ｐ５３蛋白在两者中的表达率分别为３．８％和３０．９％（Ｐ〈０．０１），Ｂａｘ和Ｐ５３蛋白在肝硬变和ＨＣＣ中的表达均有明显差异。结论：Ｂａ     

BAX基因在遗传不稳定的大肠癌,胃癌突变的研究

目的：了解Ｂａｘ基因在大肠癌,胃癌的突变情况。方法：用ＱＩＡａｍｐ方法提取肿瘤和正常组的ＤＮＡ,选择５对引物,经ＰＣＲ扩增,走ＤＮＡ序列胶电泳,检测其ＭＩ及Ｂａｘ基因编码区序列。结果：胃癌有８例ＭＩ阳性,其中３例Ｂａｘ基因有突变,大肠癌有１４例ＭＩ阳性,其中６例Ｂａｘ基因有突变。结论：Ｂａｘ基因突变在胃癌和大肠癌的发生过程中起重要作用,Ｂａｘ基因是胃癌、大肠癌ＭＩ＾＋的遗传改变受累的一个靶基因。     

组织蛋白酶B在胃癌组织中表达及其意义

目的：探讨组织蛋白酶（ＣＢ）在胃癌中的表达以及与胃癌浸润的关系。方法：用免疫组织化学ＳＰ法对３８例胃癌组织中组织蛋白酶Ｂ的表达进行检测。结果：ＣＢ有较强阳性表达的胃癌在分化型和差分化型之间没有显著关异,进展期癌的表达显著高于早期癌;６８．４％的胃癌标本中肿瘤间质的成纤维细胞和血管内皮细胞呈ＣＢ阳性反应。结论：ＣＢ的表达增高与胃癌的浸润有密切关系。血管内皮细胞表达ＣＢ增多可能是促进肿瘤浸润生长的机制     

细胞凋亡相关蛋白在前列腺癌的表达及其临床病理意义

为探讨Ｐ５３、Ｐ１６、Ｂｃｌ－２和Ｂａｘ蛋白在前列腺癌中的表达和其与病理学分级、临床分明及预后的关系,作者采用免疫组化ＳＰ法对５１例前列腺癌中上述四种蛋白的表达进行了检测。结果显示：Ｐ５３、Ｐ１６、Ｂｃｌ－２和Ｂａｘ蛋白在前列腺癌的阳性表达率分别为３１．３７％、５４．９０％、２１．５７％和７４．５１％;Ｐ５３和Ｂｃｌ－２蛋白的表达与前列腺癌的病理学分级和临床分期呈正相关（ｐ〈０．０５）,而Ｐ１６和     

血管内皮生长因子C在胃癌组织中的表达及其对肿瘤淋巴转移的影响

目的：检测血管内皮生长因子C（VEGF－C）在胃癌组织中的表达及其与肿瘤淋巴转移的关系。方法：采用免疫组化SABC法检测56例胃癌组织中VEGF－C的表达及定位。结果：56例中18例VEGF－C染色阳性，阳性率32％，阳性物质主要位于肿瘤细胞胞浆内，在有淋巴结转移的胃癌组织中明显高于无淋巴结转移组织，低分化胃癌中的表达明显高于高、中分化胃癌。结论：VEGF－C的表达与胃癌肿瘤细胞的淋巴转移密切相关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.