盐酸右美托咪定或丙泊酚复合芬太尼麻醉用于立体定向颅内血肿微创抽吸术治疗高血压脑出血的麻醉效果比较

目的比较盐酸右美托咪定或丙泊酚复合芬太尼麻醉用于立体定向颅内血肿微创抽吸术治疗高血压脑出血的麻醉效果。方法 40例高血压脑出血患者,年龄35～78岁,入院时格拉斯哥昏迷评分(GCS)为6～14分,美国麻醉医师学会分级Ⅱ或Ⅲ级。患者随机分入右美托咪定复合组和丙泊酚复合组,每组20例。患者均先静脉注射芬太尼1μg/kg,之后右美托咪定复合组以2μg·kg-1·h-1剂量经微量静脉输液泵静脉注射右美托咪定15min,丙泊酚复合组经微量静脉输液泵静脉注射丙泊酚6mg·kg-1·h-1,行局部麻醉安放头架,待自主呼吸平稳患者无烦躁可耐受头架后开始手术。右美托咪定复合组以0.5μg·kg-1·h-1的速度静脉注射右美托咪定维持麻醉至手术结束,丙泊酚复合组以3mg·kg-1·h-1的速度静脉注射丙泊酚维持麻醉至手术结束。若出现体动,两组分别追加右美托咪定5μg或丙泊酚20mg,暂停手术5min。比较两组间入手术室和钻孔时及组内安置头架前后的心率、平均动脉压(MAP)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP),比较两组间安置支架后和钻孔时的动脉血氧分压(paO2)、动脉血二氧化碳分压(paCO2)。记录围术期不良反应发生情况。结果两组间入手术室时的心率、MAP、SBP、DBP的差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05);右美托咪定复合组钻孔时的心率显著慢于丙泊酚复合组(P<0.05),MAP、SBP、DBP均显著高于丙泊酚复合组(P值均<0.05)。右美托咪定复合组组内安置头架前后心率、MAP、SBP、DBP的差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05);丙泊酚复合组安置头架后的心率显著快于安置头架前(P<0.05),MAP、SBP、DBP均显著高于安置头架前(P值均<0.05)。右美托咪定复合组安置头架后和钻孔时的paO2显著高于丙泊酚复合组同时间点(P值均<0.05),paCO2显著低于丙泊酚复合组同时间点(P值均<0.05)。右美托咪定复合组术中躁动、低血压、心动过速及术后恶心呕吐的发生率均显著低于丙泊酚复合组(P值均<0.05)。结论盐酸右美托咪定用于立体定向颅内血肿微创抽吸术治疗高血压脑出血的镇静效果好,血流动力学较平稳,呼吸抑制较小,安全可靠。     

右美托咪定对高血压病患者腰硬联合麻醉的镇静效应及血流动力学的影响

目的观察右美托咪定对高血压病患者腰硬联合麻醉的镇静效应及血流动力学的影响。方法将60例拟行腰硬联合麻醉的高血压病患者分为对照组、右美托咪定组和丙泊酚组,每组20例。记录麻醉前(T0)、腰硬联合麻醉开始后(T1)及用药后5(T2)、15(T3)、30(T4)、60 min(T5)时警觉/镇静(OAA/S)评分及收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、心率(HR)、呼吸率(RR)和动脉血氧饱和度(SpO2)。结果 T0、T1时3组OAA/S评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);对照组各时点OAA/S评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。T2～T5时右美托咪定组和丙泊酚组OAA/S评分显著低于T0时(P<0.05),右美托咪定组T3～T5时及丙泊酚组T2～T5时OAA/S评分显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。3组患者T0和T1时SBP、DBP、HR、RR及SpO2比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。丙泊酚组T3～T5时SBP和HR及T4～T5时DBP和RR显著低于T0时(P<0.05)。右美托咪定组T3～T5时HR显著低于T0时(P<0.05)。丙泊酚组T5时HR及T4～T5时RR显著低于对照组(P<0.05),T4～T5时丙泊酚组SBP显著低于对照组和右美托咪定组(P<0.05)。结论高血压病患者腰硬联合麻醉期间应用右美托咪定可获得满意的镇静效果,并能保持血流动力学平稳。     

右美托咪定在颅内血肿清除术中的应用

目的：观察右美托咪定在颅内血肿开颅清除术中的应用效果.方法：行颅内血肿清除术的患者38例,随机分为右美托米啶（M）组和对照（N）组.M组在10 min内静脉输注1 μg/kg右美托咪定,术中右美托米啶0.2~0.5 μg/（kg·h）泵注维持至切开硬脑膜后停药,N组泵注等容量生理盐水.观察用药前（T0）、用药后（T1）、气管插管前（T2）、气管插管后（T3）、手术后即刻（T4）、手术后60 min（T5）和手术结束时（T6）各时点SBP、DBP、MAP和HR值,记录术中的丙泊酚用量和血管活性药物的用量.结果：M组T0~T6各时点间,SBP、DBP和MAP差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,T1~T6各时点HR差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,均明显低于T0时点（P〈0.01）.N组T2时点SBP、DBP、MAP和HR明显低于T3~T6各时点（P〈0.01）.右美托咪定组的丙泊酚用量和麻黄碱的使用例数显著少于对照组（P〈0.01）.结论：右美托咪定可以使颅内血肿清除术的血流动力学平稳,并节约丙泊酚的用量.     

瑞芬太尼与右美托咪定用于后路腰椎椎体融合术患者全麻气管拔管反应的影响

目的观察瑞芬太尼与右美托咪定对后路腰椎椎体融合术手术(PLIF)患者全麻气管拔管期的影响。方法择期行后路腰椎椎体融合术患者90例,ASA I~Ⅱ级,随机分为三组,瑞芬太尼组、右美托咪定组和对照组,每组30例,均采用静吸复合全麻。三组患者麻醉全麻诱导均采用咪达唑仑0.05mg/kg、丙泊酚2mg/kg、芬太尼4μg/kg和罗库溴铵0.6mg/kg,麻醉维持均采用七氟烷1.1~1.4MAC和丙泊酚4~6mg/(kg·h)维持。术毕瑞芬太尼组患者持续泵注瑞芬太尼0.1μg/(kg·min),右美托咪定组患者持续泵注右美托咪定0.5μg/kg,对照组患者则持续泵注等容量0.9%生理盐水,均直至气管拔管后停止,观察麻醉前(T0)、给药前1分钟(T1)、拔管时(T2)、拔管后5分钟(T3)和拔管后10分钟(T4)时间点患者的平均动脉压(MAP)和心率(HR),记录各组患者清醒时间、拔管时间和定向力恢复时间,同时记录拔管期间不良反应的发生情况。结果瑞芬太尼组和右美托咪定组在T2~T3时点的MAP和HR较T0显著降低(P<0.05);瑞芬太尼组和右美托咪定组患者在不同时点MAP和HR比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);瑞芬太尼组气管拔管时间要短于右美托咪定组(P<0.05),瑞芬太尼组、右美托咪定组和对照组患者清醒时间和定向力恢复时间比较无统计学差异(P>0.05);对照组患者拔管后躁动、呛咳的发生率明显高于瑞芬太尼组和右美托咪定组(P<0.05)。结论瑞芬太尼与右美托咪定均可为后路腰椎椎体融合术患者术后苏醒期提供安全有效的气管拔管条件,减少应激反应。但使用瑞芬太尼术后拔管时间更短,在临床应用更具优势。     

对右美托咪啶预防腹腔镜胆囊切除手术患者全身麻醉苏醒期不良反应的临床观察

目的观察右美托咪啶预防腹腔镜胆囊切除手术患者全身麻醉苏醒期不良反应的临床效果。方法选择60例拟在全身麻醉下择期行腹腔镜胆囊切除手术的患者(ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级),随机分为2组:右美托咪啶组(D组)和对照组(C组),每组30例。D组:麻醉诱导前静脉泵注右美托咪啶负荷量1.0 ug/kg,泵注时间15 min,之后输注速度设定为0.2 ug/kg.h至手术结束。C组:右美托咪啶改为生理盐水。记录停用麻醉药前、拔管时、拔管后5 min患者HR、SBP、DBP,自主呼吸恢复时间、清醒时间,气管拔管时间(从手术结束到拔除气管导管),苏醒期患者躁动的情况。结果拔管时,两组HR、SBP、DBP较停药前升高,但D组的升高程度低于C组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);拔管后5 min,D组HR、SBP、DBP与停药前无明显变化,而C组HR、SBP、DBP较停药前明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者术后呼吸恢复时间、清醒时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);患者苏醒期躁动比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论右美托咪啶可有效预防全身麻醉苏醒期的血流动力学波动,并能减少躁动的发生率。     

右美托咪定在肝癌射频消融术中的应用

目的:研究右美托咪定对肝癌射频消融治疗患者血流动力学及术后恢复情况的影响。方法:40例行肝癌射频消融手术患者,随机分为右美托咪定组(D组)和生理盐水组(S组),每组各20例,分别在麻醉诱导前10 min静脉输注右美托咪啶0.5μg/kg和等量的生理盐水,输注时间为10min。两组均采用全凭静脉麻醉(TIVA)。术中D组给予0.3μg/(kg?h)的右美托咪定持续泵注,S组给予与等量的0.9%的氯化钠注射液持续泵注。分别记录患者泵注右美托咪定或生理盐水前(T0)、诱导前(T1)、置入喉罩后1min(T2)、经皮肝脏穿刺时(T3)、肿瘤灶温度达90℃时(T4)、拔出喉罩前(T5)、拔出喉罩后1min(T6)的MAP、HR,记录术后恢复情况及术中丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼的用量。结果:与T0时比较,在T1时D组MAP,HR明显减低(P<0.05);与T1相比,T2时S组HR升高(P<0.05);与T5相比在T6时S组MAP、HR明显升高(P<0.05)。在T1,T4,T5,T6时间点,与S组相比D组MAP、HR明显减低(P<0.05)。D组术后恢复情况显著优于S组(P<0.05)。D组的丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼用量明显少于S组(P<0.05)。结论:右美托咪定在肝癌射频消融术中应用时血液动力学稳定,苏醒质量高,术后并发症少。     

右美托咪定对合并高血压行腹腔镜胆囊切除患者拔管期血流动力学的影响

目的探讨右美托咪定对合并高血压行腹腔镜胆囊切除患者拔管期血流动力学的影响。方法 120例ASAⅠ~Ⅲ级合并高血压腹腔镜胆囊切除患者,随机分为右美托咪定组(右美组)和对照组。两组患者全麻诱导和维持相同,术毕前10min右美组患者10min内静脉泵注1μg/kg的右美托咪定,对照组患者以相同速率静脉泵注相同容量生理盐水。观察并记录围拔管期SBP和HR、苏醒时间、拔管时间。结果与给药前比较,对照组在拔除气管导管时和气管拔管1min SBP和HR均显著性升高(P<0.05);右美组中,在拔除气管导管时、气管拔管1min和5min SBP和HR差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与对照组比较,拔管时、拔管后1min,右美组SBP和HR明显下降(P<0.05)。结论右美托咪定能有效减轻合并高血压行腹腔镜胆囊切除患者拔管期的心血管应激反应。     

右美托咪定在单气囊小肠镜诊疗术中的应用

目的:探讨右美托咪定用于单气囊小肠镜诊疗术的有效性和安全性。方法:ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级择期行单气囊小肠镜诊疗的患者30例,随机分为右美托咪定组(D组)和生理盐水对照组(C组)。D组单次给予0.9%氯化钠溶液稀释的盐酸右美托咪定注射液0.6μg.kg-1,经静脉泵输入的时间为10 min。C组用等体积的0.9%氯化钠溶液替换右美托咪定注射液。给药完毕后观察10 min,两组均以静脉持续泵注丙泊酚维持麻醉。观察记录两组患者入室、微泵持续泵注右美托咪啶10 min时、气管插管即刻、置入小肠镜和气管拔管时各时段SBP、DBP和HR变化,患者丙泊酚诱导剂量、诱导时间、术中维持麻醉时丙泊酚用量和拔管时间(从手术结束至拔除气管导管),记录术中合并用药情况和术后不良反应发生的情况。结果:与C组相比,D组诱导时间、苏醒时间明显缩短(P<0.05),麻醉诱导、术中丙泊酚用量明显少于C组(P<0.05);与入室时比较,置入小肠镜时和拔管时C组血压明显升高、心率明显增快(P<0.05),D组血压、心率无明显变化。两组患者苏醒时间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),苏醒期躁动发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:右美托咪定用于单气囊小肠镜诊疗术可明显缩短麻醉诱导时间,使患者围术期血流动力学更稳定,减少麻醉药物的使用,术后苏醒迅速而完全,无明显不良反应,可以安全有效地应用。     

小剂量右美托咪定静脉泵注联合丙泊酚在宫腔镜手术麻醉中的应用效果分析

目的：探讨小剂量右美托咪定静脉泵注联合丙泊酚在宫腔镜手术麻醉中的应用效果。方法：选取2020年1月—2021年12月于广饶县人民医院行宫腔镜手术治疗的406例患者作为研究对象，根据随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组，各203例。对照组采用常规剂量右美托咪定静脉泵注联合丙泊酚麻醉，观察组采用小剂量右美托咪定静脉泵注联合丙泊酚麻醉。比较两组患者血流动力学、疼痛程度、镇静评分、清醒时间、不良反应发生情况。结果：麻醉15 min后，两组平均动脉压（MAP）、心率（HR）低于麻醉前，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；观察组MAP、HR高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组术后疼痛评分、镇静评分低于对照组，清醒时间短于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P=0.000）。观察组不良反应发生率低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P=0.001）。结论：小剂量右美托咪定静脉泵注联合丙泊酚应用于宫腔镜手术麻醉中，能够缓解患者术后疼痛感，缩短清醒时间，减轻对患者MAP、HR的影响，促进患者术后意识恢复，降低不良反应发生率。     

右美托咪定对宫颈锥切术麻醉的影响

目的:评价右美托咪定对宫颈锥切术麻醉效果的影响。方法:择期手术患者60例,随机分为2组(n=30):对照组(C组)和右美托咪定组(D组)。D组静脉输注右美托咪定1.0μg/kg(200μg加0.9%氯化钠溶液至50 mL,4μg/mL)。C组输注同等剂量0.9%氯化钠溶液。两组均给予芬太尼1μg/kg,丙泊酚1.5 mg/kg麻醉,待睫毛反射消失后行手术。记录患者入室时(T0)、右美托咪定输注5 min(T1)、手术开始时(T2)、手术结束时(T3)、自主睁眼时(T4)、自主睁眼后10 min(T5)HR、SBP、DBP、SpO2;手术时间;丙泊酚使用量;术后自主睁眼时间;自主睁眼后10 min Ramsay评分和手术部位疼痛情况;每组使用麻黄碱及阿托品的例数和总量;麻醉满意度评分。结果:D组丙泊酚用量、自主睁眼时间、伤口疼痛评分小于C组;阿托品使用例数和总量、Ramsay评分、麻醉满意度评价大于C组(P<0.05)。D组除在T1时HR、SBP低于C组(P<0.05)外,其余各时刻两组HR、SBP、DBP、SpO2差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:右美托咪定用于LEEP时可减少丙泊酚用量、缩短术后苏醒时间、减轻患者创面疼痛程度,但应注意其对心率的影响。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.