The severity of vertebral fractures and health-related quality of life in osteoporotic postmenopausal women

Vertebral fractures are the hallmark of osteoporosis, responsible for increased back pain, impairment of mobility and functional limitations. These factors have an impact on patients health-related quality of life (QOL). The aim of this study was to assess QOL, using QUALEFFO, in osteoporotic postmenopausal women, according to the number and the severity of the vertebral fractures. A group of 629 osteoporotic postmenopausal women (60–80 years) with symptoms that, according to a rheumatologist, could be related to a vertebral fracture, had spine X-rays with standardized procedures. All the X-rays were assessed in a central facility. The number of fractures was a determinant of a low QOL, as indicated by an increased score in physical function ( P =0.001), social function ( P =0.002) and total score ( P =0.027). Patients with higher grades of vertebral deformities, i.e., more severe fractures, had low QOL in these three domains, too ( P <0.0001, P <0.0001 and P =0.005, respectively). There was no difference in QOL according to the thoracic or lumbar location of the fractures. Both anterior and middle deformities of the vertebral bodies had a negative impact on QOL. In none of the analyses were the pain and mental function domains of QUALEFFO discriminant among the patients. QOL, assessed by an osteoporosis-specific instrument, is decreased in osteoporotic women as a function of both the number and the severity of the vertebral fractures. Treating women with prevalent fractures may avoid a further decrease in their quality of life.     

Back pain in osteoporotic vertebral fractures

SUMMARY: This review article examines the epidemiology and pathogenesis of back pain and vertebral fractures in osteoporosis, reviewing the management of pain in patients with vertebral fractures and the direct and indirect effect of osteoporosis treatments on back pain. INTRODUCTION: The management of patients with vertebral fractures has largely concentrated on the prevention of further fractures by the treatment of underlying osteoporosis, with drug treatment for acute and chronic back pain and the non-pharmacological management of vertebral fractures receiving less attention. DISCUSSION: Emerging evidence suggests that, in addition to reducing the incidence of vertebral fractures, calcitonin, intravenous bisphosphonates and teriparatide may also have a direct effect on bone pain. Targeted analgesia, tailored to individual need is often required in both the acute and chronic phases following vertebral fracture. Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty have also been approved for use in the management of vertebral fractures and may prove useful in selected patients unresponsive to conventional pain relief. There is some evidence to support the use of individualised tailored exercise programmes aimed at strengthening back muscles to maintain bone density and reduce further fracture incidence. In addition the use of specific orthoses may help to reduce kyphosis, improve mobility and reduce pain. CONCLUSION: Chronic back pain associated with vertebral fracture provides a great challenge to health care professionals and the patient. This demands a combination of options, including not only therapeutic interventions, but also physiotherapy, psychological support and patient education.     

Effects of one year daily teriparatide treatment on trabecular bone material properties in postmenopausal osteoporotic women previously treated with alendronate or risedronate

In the present work we examined the effect of teriparatide administration following bisphosphonate treatment on bone compositional properties by Raman and Fourier Transform Infrared Imaging (FTIR) microspectroscopic analysis. Thirty two paired iliac crest biopsies (before and after 1 year teriparatide) from sixteen osteoporotic women previously treated with either Alendronate (ALN) or Risedronate (RIS) and subsequently treated 12 months with teriparatide (TPTD) were analyzed at anatomical areas of similar tissue age in bone forming areas (within the fluorescent double labels). The outcomes that were monitored and reported were mineral to matrix ratio (corresponding to ash weight), mineral maturity (indicative of the mineral crystallite chemistry and stoichiometry, and having a direct bearing on crystallite shape and size), relative proteoglycan content (regulating mineralization commencement), and the ratio of two of the major enzymatic collagen cross-links (pyridinoline/divalent). Significant differences in mineral/matrix, mineral maturity/crystallinity, and collagen cross-link ratio bone quality indices after TPTD treatment were observed, indicating a specific response of these patients to TPTD treatment. Moreover differences between ALN and RIS treated patients at baseline in the collagen cross-link ratio were observed. Since tissue areas of similar tissue age were analyzed, these differences may not be attributed to differences in bone turnover.     

胸腰椎骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折椎体强化术后腰背痛原因的研究进展

<正>在我国人口老龄化进程中,骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折(OVCF)患者逐年增多。研究表明,我国40岁以上和50岁以上人群骨质疏松症的总发生率分别为13.2%[1]和18.56%[2],骨质疏松症是老年骨折的高危因素,且脊柱和髋部骨折排前两位[3]。目前临床治疗胸腰椎OVCF的微创手术方法主要包括经皮椎体成形术(PVP)和经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)。据报道,PVP/PKP治疗胸腰椎OVCF疼痛     

Denosumab and alendronate treatment in patients with back pain due to fresh osteoporotic vertebral fractures

Introduction

Denosumab specifically inhibits the receptor activator for nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL), and prevents osteoporotic fractures. Several reports have analyzed the effects of denosumab and alendronate alone on bone mineral density (BMD) or reduction of fracture risk. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of antiresorptive osteoporosis pharmacotherapy on pain relief in patients with fresh vertebral fracture.

心理干预对骨质疏松椎体压缩骨折椎体成形的影响

[目的]评价椎体成形术(PVP)结合心理干预和情绪疏导治疗绝经后女性骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的临床效果。[方法] 2010年6月～2016年12月本院收治的98例确诊为骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的绝经后女性患者,随机分为两组。常规组48例给予单纯PVP手术;干预组50例除PVP手术之外给予心理干预和情绪疏导。比较两组患者的临床效果。[结果]在骨水泥用量、骨水泥渗漏情况、手术时间、X线透视次数等方面,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。心理干预组患者情绪变化显著优于常规组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。干预组患者心理干预和情绪疏导显效者42例,占84.00%;有效者6例,占12.00%;无效者2例,占4.00%:有效率96.00%。随时间延长两组患者VAS评分和ODI评分均显著降低,不同时间点差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后2d干预组VAS评分和ODI评分显著低于常规组(P0.05),其他相应时间点的差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。影像评估方面,两组患者术后椎体前缘高度均较术前显著增加(P0.05),相应时间点两组间差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]心理干预和情绪疏导可显著改善椎体成形术治疗绝经后骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的早期临床效果。     

利塞膦酸钠干预绝经后妇女骨量的研究(附223例报告）

目的评价口服利塞膦酸钠对绝经后妇女骨量变化的干预作用。方法223名绝经后妇女随机分为两组:A组(利塞膦酸钠,5mg/d,口服)和B组(安慰剂,每天1片),所有患者每天补充钙剂500mg和维生素D200IU,治疗1年。腰椎和髋部(包括股骨颈、转子间和Ward三角)骨量双能X骨密度测量分别于治疗前、治疗6个月和12个月时进行。结果所有患者为骨量减少,治疗前患者的一般情况和骨量两组间无差异。治疗结束后,利塞膦酸钠组患者腰椎和股骨颈的骨量较安慰剂对照组明显上升(P<0.05)。结论口服利塞膦酸钠可显著提高腰椎和髋部骨量,有效防治绝经后骨质疏松。     

PVP与PKP治疗骨质疏松性骨折止痛效果分析

目的 探讨PVP与PKP技术治疗骨质疏松性骨折止痛效果有无差异.方法 35例(41个椎体)骨质疏松性骨折进行PVP治疗;39例(47个椎体)骨质疏松性骨折进行PKP治疗.术前、术后3 d、1月、3月应用10分制视觉模拟评分(VAS)对患者疼痛进行评价.结果 PVP组术前与术后各时间段比较,均有统计学差异,但术后各时间段无统计学差异;PKP组也得到同样结果.而两组间各时间段进行比较,差异均无显著性.结论 PVP与PKP治疗骨质疏松性骨折均有迅速、明确的止痛作用,但二者间无差异.     

Effects of alfacalcidol alone or in combination with elcatonin on incidence of osteoporotic vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with spondylosis

Osteoporosis and spondylosis often occur simultaneously. However, there are no previous reports about the effects of osteoporosis medication on incidence of vertebral fractures in people with spondylosis. In this study, we conducted a retrospective investigation of the effects of alfacalcidol alone or in combination with elcatonin on incidence of osteoporotic vertebral fractures in women with spondylosis. The present subjects were 101 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis aged >60 years, divided into three groups: D group (n = 45), treated for >5 years with alfacalcidol; D+ECT group (n = 26), treated for >5 years with alfacalcidol plus elcatonin; control group (n = 30), who received no medications for >5 years. Over the 5-year treatment period, bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine and proximal femur did not significantly change in the D and D+ECT groups, but they significantly decreased in the control group (P < 0.05). The number of incident vertebral fractures per patient was significantly higher in the control group (2.9) than in the D group (1.2) and D+ECT group (1.5) (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in BMD or incident vertebral fractures between the D and D+ECT groups. In all three groups, the number of incident vertebral fractures positively correlated with the number of prevalent vertebral fractures (0.303 ≤ r ≤ 0.434), and negatively correlated with baseline BMD (−0.703 ≤ r ≤ −0.326) and the osteophyte score representing the degree of spondylosis (−0.769 ≤ r ≤ −0.365). Further multiple regression analysis revealed that the medication (D or D+ECT, P < 0.001) and the osteophyte score (P < 0.001) were the most significant contributors for the number of incident vertebral fractures. In conclusion, elcatonin had no additive effects on BMD or prevention of vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women receiving alfacalcidol. Presence of spondylosis (indicated by a high osteophyte score) appears to have an effect on prevention of vertebral fractures.     

Efficacy of risedronate administration in osteoporotic postmenopausal women affected by inflammatory bowel disease

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have frequently a bone mineral density (BMD) significantly lower than age-matched healthy subjects. The low BMD observed in IBD patients is related also to a higher incidence of bone fractures. In this prospective randomized study we evaluated the effect of 1-year risedronate administration on bone mass and turnover, and on vertebral fractures in osteoporotic postmenopausal women with IBD in remission. Ninety osteoporotic postmenopausal women were randomized to receive oral risedronate 35 mg/week (risedronate group) or placebo tablets (placebo group; one tab/week). The duration of treatment was 12 months. At entry and after treatment, lumbar spine and hip BMD, and serum osteocalcin (OC) and urinary deoxypyridinoline/creatinine ratio (DPD-Cr) levels were evaluated. Vertebral fractures were assessed from thoracic and lumbar lateral and anterior-posterior spinal radiographs taken at baseline, and from lateral spinal radiographs taken at the end of the study. At study entry, no difference between groups was also detected in BMD and in bone turnover markers. At the end of the study, lumbar spine, trochanter and femoral neck BMD was significantly ( p <0.05) higher in comparison with baseline in the risedronate group, whereas a significant ( p <0.05) decrease was observed in the placebo group. For the same visit, a significant ( p <0.05) difference in lumbar spine, trochanter and femoral neck BMD was detected between groups. After 12-month follow-up, serum OC and urinary DPD-Cr levels were significantly ( p <0.05) lower and higher in comparison with basal values in risedronate and placebo group, respectively. At the same time, a significant ( p <0.05) difference in serum OC and urinary DPD-Cr levels was observed between groups. Throughout the study, the incidence of vertebral fractures was significantly ( p <0.05) lower in the risedronate group than in the placebo group (12.5% vs 34.1%). The relative risk (RR) to develop a new vertebral fracture after 1 year of risedronate administration was of 0.36 (95% confidence interval, 0.14–0.85). In conclusion, risedronate administration is an effective anti-osteoporotic treatment in osteoporotic postmenopausal women with IBD in remission.     

High weight or body mass index increase the risk of vertebral fractures in postmenopausal osteoporotic women

In the general population, low body weight and body mass index (BMI) are significant risk factors for any fracture, but the specific association between body weight, BMI, and prevalence of vertebral fractures in osteoporotic women is not fully recognized. Hence, the association between body weight, BMI, and prevalent vertebral fractures was investigated in 362 women with never-treated postmenopausal osteoporosis. All participants underwent measurement of BMI, bone mineral density (BMD), and semiquantitative assessment of vertebral fractures. Thirty percent of participants had ≥1 vertebral fracture. Body weight and BMI were associated with L1–L4 BMD (R = 0.29, P < 0.001 and R = 0.17, P = 0.009, respectively). In logistic regression analysis, BMI was positively associated with the presence of vertebral fractures independent of age and other traditional risk factors for fractures. Including weight and height instead of BMI in the multivariate model, showed weight as a positive and significant covariate of the presence of vertebral fractures (OR = 1.045; P = 0.016; 95% CI 1.008–1.084). BMI was associated with the number of vertebral fractures (rho = 0.18; P = 0.001), this association being confirmed also in the multivariate analysis (β =  0.14; P = 0.03) after correction for smoking, early menopause, family history of fragility fractures and BMD. In conclusion, among postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, body weight and BMI are associated with a higher likelihood of having a vertebral fracture, irrespective of the positive association between weight and BMD.     

椎体骨质疏松骨折患者骨转换生化标志物的临床研究

目的 探讨骨转换生化标志物对于绝经后骨质疏松椎体骨折的预测价值。方法 73例绝经后骨质疏松症患者分为骨折组及非骨折组,分别测定血清I型原胶原氨基端前肽（PINP)、I型胶原交联羧基末端肽（CTX)及骨密度并比较。结果 绝经后骨质疏松骨折组患者的骨转换生化标志物水平明显高于非骨折组,其差异有显著性;而两者骨密度的差异无显著性。结论 骨转换生化标志物可以作为预测绝经后骨质疏松骨折的重要指标。     

预测骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折经皮椎体成形术后残余背痛的列线图

目的: 构建预测骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折(osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures,OVCFs)经皮椎体成形术(percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP)后残余背痛(residual back pain,RBP)的列线图。方法: 回顾性分析2020年1月至2022年12月245例接受PVP治疗的OVCFs患者的临床资料,男47例,女198例,年龄65~77(71.47±9.03)岁,根据是否发生RBP分为RBP组与无RBP组。收集患者的性别、年龄、合并症情况、骨折发生节段、身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)、视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)、Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI)等一般资料;以及术前与术后24 h的影像学参数,包括椎体前缘高度(anterior vertebral height,AVH)、椎体前缘高度比(anterior vertebral height ratio,AVHR)、Cobb角、椎体内真空裂(intravertebral vacuum cleft,IVC)、胸腰筋膜(thoracolumbar fascia,TLF)损伤、椎旁肌脂肪变性、骨水泥注射量、骨水泥渗漏、骨水泥弥散形态、椎体前缘高度恢复比(anterior vertebral height recovery ratio,AVHRR)、Cobb角变化等。对以上因素进行单因素分析,再采用多因素Logistic回归模筛选术后发生RBP的独立危险因素,并完成Nomogram模型的构建与验证,分别采用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线和校准曲线进行模型的预测性能和准确性的判定,另采用Hosmer-Lemeshow (H-L)检验进行评估,计算ROC曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC),使用Harrell一致性指数(C指数)评价模型的预测效能,使用决策曲线分析(decision curve analysis,DCA)评价模型的临床实用性。结果: RBP组34例,无RBP组211例。两组性别、年龄、合并症、骨折节段、BMI、BMD、VAS及ODI、AVH、AVHR、Cobb角等比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。单因素分析结果显示:RBP组6例出现IVC,无RBP组13例,RBP组IVC比例高于无RBP组(χ²=5.400,P=0.020);RBP组6例出现TLF损伤,无RBP组11例,RBP组TLF损伤比例高于无RBP组(χ²=7.011,P=0.008);RBP组椎旁肌脂肪变性3-4级为18例,无RBP组为41例,RBP组高于无RBP组(χ²=21.618,P<0.001),RBP组骨水泥弥散形态为团块型比例高于无RBP组(χ²=6.836,P=0.009)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,存在IVC (χ²=4.974,P=0.025)、合并TLF损伤(χ²=5.231,P=0.023)、椎旁肌脂肪变性Goutallier分级>2级(χ²=15.124,P<0.001)以及骨水泥弥散形态为团块型(χ²=4.168,P=0.038)为PVP术后发生RBP的独立危险因素。模型ROC曲线得出原始模型AUC为0.816[OR=2.862,95% CI (0.776,0.894),P<0.001],通过200个自举样本进行模型内部验证,得出C指数值为0.936,校准曲线显示预测概率曲线与实际概率曲线接近,H-L拟合优度检验结果为χ²=5.796,P=0.670,DCA分析结果显示当阈值在6%~71%时决策曲线位于None线与All线上方。结论: 存在IVC、合并TLF损伤、椎旁肌脂肪变性Goutallier分级>2级以及骨水泥弥散形态为团块型为PVP术后发生RBP的独立危险因素,本研究所构建的PVP术后发生RBP的风险预测模型具有较好的预测性能和较好的临床实用性。     

绝经后女性骨质疏松合并骨折血清25羟维生素D水平研究

目的 探讨绝经后女性骨质疏松合并骨折血清25羟维生素D的水平.方法 选择2010年1月-2013年5月在解放军第309医院骨内科住院的86例患者,包括绝经后骨质疏松合并骨折患者42例,年龄(70.38±6.11)岁,不伴骨折绝经后骨质疏松患者44例,年龄(67.32±8.93)岁.采用美国Norland双光能X线骨密度检测仪对所有患者进行腰椎L2-L4和左侧股骨近端(包括Neck、Troch、Ward''s三角区)骨密度测量,并测定身高、体重、血谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、肌酐(CRE)、尿素氮(BUN).采用酶联免疫吸附法测定两组患者血清25羟维生素D,比较两组25羟维生素D水平.结果 绝经后骨质疏松合并骨折组患者血清25羟维生素D(12.40±3.7) ng/ml,较绝经后非骨折骨质疏松患者(16.23 ±4.6)ng/ml低,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);绝经后骨质疏松合并骨折组患者ALT(18.22±8.17) IU/L、AST(20.70±12.67) IU/L、CRE(56.76±11.81)umol/L、BUN(5.20±1.40) mmol/L与骨质疏松组ALT(21.32±12.16)IU/L、AST(22.16±8.36) IU/L、CRE(57.29±13.42) umol/L、BUN(5.2±1.8) mmol/L相比,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);绝经后骨质疏松合并骨折患者L2-4、Neck、Troch、Ward''s三角区的骨密度分别为(0.75 ±0.19) g/cm2、(0.61 ±0.18)g/cm2、(0.50±0.12) g/cm2、(0.40±0.14)g/cm2与对照组(0.81 ±0.33) g/cm2、(0.67 ±0.11)g/cm2、(0.52±0.10) g/cm2、(0.45±0.1)g/cm2相比较,差异没有统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 绝经后骨质疏松合并骨折患者较未合并骨折骨质疏松维生素D缺乏更严重.     

Misleading history of pain location in 51 patients with osteoporotic vertebral fractures

The aim of this study was to investigate associations between the location of osteoporotic vertebral fractures and the patient’s localization of pain. Fifty-one consecutive patients (m 6, f 45; average age 74.8 years) with diagnosed osteoporotic vertebral fractures between T8 and L2 were included in the study. Exclusion criteria were fractures above T8 and below L2, spondylolisthesis, disc herniations, tumors, infections, and instability. Pain location was assessed by pain drawing, subdivided into thoracic, lumbar, and thoracic plus lumbar pain areas, and pain intensity using a 101 numeric rating scale. Furthermore, the onset of back pain and the lack or the indication of a trigger event at the onset of pain were documented. Only four of 20 patients with thoracic fractures reported thoracic pain, while the other 16 (80%) reported only lumbar pain. The location of the fracture and the patient’s pain report were not related (Cohens Kappa=0.046; P=0.438). Patients with thoracic or lumbar osteoporotic fractures report pain mainly in the lumbosacrogluteal area. Therefore, the complaint of low back pain (LBP) in persons at risk for osteoporotic fractures may require both thoracic and lumbar X-rays. LBP patients with a suspect history of an osteoporotic vertebral fracture should also be given an X-ray of the thoracic and lumbar spine. Patients with a thoracic vertebral fracture had more severe pain than patients with a lumbar vertebral fracture. Onset not related to a fall or a false movement related to a significantly longer pain duration.     

经皮椎体成形术与保守疗法的临床随机对照试验

目的通过临床随机对照试验,比较经皮椎体成形术与保守疗法对骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的短期疗效,包括疼痛缓解程度、身心康复情况及邻近椎体再骨折的发生。方法 2007年1月-2010年1月间,纳入符合条件者40例,病程均在6周以内。随机分配成两组,试验组采用经皮椎体成形术,对照组采用保守治疗。进入试验前及进入试验后3个月时记录疼痛指数视觉模拟评分、下腰痛JOA评分、查体情况。结果治疗后两组视觉疼痛指数均下降,组内差异显著,组间差异不显著。试验组恢复生活自理能力更快。其他测试指标变化情况在两组之间亦无显著差异。试验组发生1例邻近椎体骨折,而对照组未发生。结论经皮椎体成形术早期疗效显著,但是保守治疗亦可在数月内取得相同疗效。邻近椎体再骨折的风险需要进一步评估。