磁共振胰胆管造影术与内镜逆行胰胆管造影术的对照研究

目的 通过磁共振胰胆管造影术（ＭＲＣＰ）与内镜逆行胰胆管造影术（ＥＲＣＰ）的对照研究，评价ＭＲＣＰ对胰胆系疾病的诊断价值。方法 ４０例疑有胰胆系疾病的患者进行了ＭＲＣＰ及ＥＲＣＰ检查，两者结果作对照研究。结果 本组资料中ＭＲＣＰ对胰胆系疾病总的诊断价值为敏感度８９．１％、特异度１００％、准确度９０％，ＥＲＣＰ总的诊断价值为敏感度８４．２％、特异度１００％、准确度８５％，两者统计学上无显著性差异。结     

磁共振胰胆管造影术与直接造影术对照诊断胰胆系疾病

明确磁共振胰胆管造影术与直接造影术，如经内镜逆行性胰胆管造影术，经皮经肝胆管造影术相比，对胰胆系疾病的诊断价值。方法对３１例疑有胰胆系疾病的患者在，ＭＲＣＰ后４小时内行ＥＲＣＰ，其中１例患者因ＥＲＣＰ未成功而改行ＰＴＣ。ＭＲＣＰ应用呼吸触发，非屏气，脂肪抑制、重Ｔ２加权及超快回波技术进行扫描，然后采用量大强度投影技术进行处理，获得胰胆系结构图像。ＥＲＣＰ采用常规方法进行，最后将ＭＲＣＰ的冠状斜位像     

核磁共振胰胆管造影与内镜下逆行胰胆管造影在胰胆疾病诊断方面的对比研究

目的：探索核磁共振胰胆管造影（ＭＲＣＰ）检查在临床应用中的价值。方法：对１１０例胰胆管疾病患者选择性地行ＭＲＣＰ检查,并与内镜下逆行胰胆管造影（ＥＲＣＰ）检查作比较,结合内镜下治疗以及外科手术,以明确两者之间的相关性。ＥＲＣＰ和手术结果作为金标准。结果：１１０例患者ＭＲＣＰ图像质量均较高,对胆管扩张诊断的敏感性为８５．０６％（７８／８７）,对胆管下段狭窄伴扩张诊断的敏感性为９０％（１８／２０）。Ｍ     

磁共振胰胆管造影术与直接造影术比较对胰胆系疾病的诊断价值

磁共振胰胆管造影术与直接造影术比较对胰胆系疾病的诊断价值张澍田于中麟马大庆磁共振胰胆管造影术（ＭＲＣＰ）是近年来用于诊断胰胆系疾病的新技术，现介绍其发展概况、适应证、诊断价值，并将其与诊断胰胆系疾病的“金标准”——内镜下逆行性胰胆管造影术（ＥＲＣＰ）...     

逆行胰胆管造影对梗阻性黄疸的诊断价值

ＥＲＣＰ对梗阻性黄疸的诊断价值。３２例梗阻性黄疸做逆行胰胆管造影（ＥＲＣＰ），与Ｂ超和ＣＴ进行对比，探讨对其定位与病因的诊断价值。结果：恶性胆道梗阻１８例（５６．３％），良性梗阻１４例（４３．７％）。ＥＲＣＰ、Ｂ超及ＣＴ定位诊断率分别为９３．７％、８７．５％与８１．３％，三者比较差异无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５）；病因诊断率分别为９０．６％、６２．５％与５６．３％，ＥＲＣＰ与Ｂ超和ＣＴ比较差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）；误诊率分别为９．４％、９．４％与３．１％，三者比较无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。ＥＲＣＰ对梗阻性黄疸的病因诊断率明显优于Ｂ超和ＣＴ，对梗阻性黄疸是一种安全且不可缺少的诊断方法。     

逆行胰胆管造影对梗阻性黄疸的诊断价值

ＥＲＣＰ对梗阻性黄疸的诊断价值。３２例梗阻性黄疸做逆行胰胆管造影（ＥＲＣＰ），与Ｂ超和ＣＴ进行对比，探讨对其定位与病因的诊断价值。结果：恶性胆道梗阻１８例（５６．３％），良性梗阻１４例（４３．７％）。ＥＲＣＰ、Ｂ超及ＣＴ定位诊断率分别为９３．７％、８７．５％与８１．３％，三者比较差异无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５）；病因诊断率分别为９０．６％、６２．５％与５６．３％，ＥＲＣＰ与Ｂ超和ＣＴ比较差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）；误诊率分别为９．４％、９．４％与３．１％，三者比较无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。ＥＲＣＰ对梗阻性黄疸的病因诊断率明显优于Ｂ超和ＣＴ，对梗阻性黄疸是一种安全且不可缺少的诊断方法。     

乳头预切开术在内窥镜逆行胰胆管造影术中的应用

目的　对乳头括约肌预切开术在内窥镜逆行胰胆管造影术（ＥＲＣＰ） 诊断和治疗中的作用及其安全性作回顾性评价．方法　７３ 例患者在行ＥＲＣＰ 诊疗时,当常规操作不能使胆系显影或胆道深部插管困难时,即用犁状拉式刀行乳头预切开,观察预切开的效果和近期并发症．结果　全组胆道造影成功率９５－９ ％ , 胆管深部插管成功率７２－９ ％ ,其中第一次操作胆道显影率９３－２ ％ , 深部插管率６２－９ ％ ． 术后并发症５ 例（６－８ ％ ） ,包括轻度胰腺炎２ 例,发热３ 例．结论　乳头括约肌预切开术是ＥＲＣＰ 诊疗中成功进入胆道的一项极有效的方法,但需熟练的内镜医师操作． 采用犁状刀进行预切开安全性高,并发症少．     

内镜乳头括约肌切开术治疗胰胆管疾病236例分析

内镜逆行胰胆管造影ＥＲＣＰ是诊断胆胰疾病的重要方法近年来治疗性ＥＲＣＰ的开展,替代了部分外科手术。我院自１９９８年１月至１９９９年１２月行ＥＲＣＰ检查３４５例,其中２４２例做内镜乳头括约肌切开术（ＥＳＴ）,术中成功治疗胰胆管疾病２３６例,现分析如下。１．临床资料：本组２３６例中,男性１３８例,女性９８例。年龄２８～８２岁,平均５３．５岁。病程最短２１ｄ,最长６年。２３６例中有胆总管结石８１例（３４．３％）,胆囊切除术后残留结石４１例（１７．４％）,原因不明的阻塞性黄疸史３８例（１６．１％）,胆总…     

逆行胰胆管造影在外科临床的应用：（附160例报告）

施行逆行胰胆管造影１６０例，插管成功率为８１．９％，胰管显影率为８４．３％，胆管显影率为８２．３％。其中７３例行手术治疗，诊断符合率为８２．２％，对适应症选择、ＥＲＣＰ与ＰＴＣ及ＰＴＣＤ的联用、如何提高ＥＲＣＰ成功率，ＥＲＣＰ并发症、插管困难及造影失败的原因作了详细阐述。     

磁共振胰胆管造影术在胰胆系疾病中的应用

磁共振胰胆管造影术 (ＭＲＣＰ)是近年来用于诊断胰胆系疾病的新技术 ,现介绍其发展概况、适应证、诊断价值。1　胰胆系常用检查方法内镜下逆行性胰胆管造影术 (ＥＲＣＰ)作为诊断胰胆系疾病的“金标准”已在临床应用多年 ,其诊断价值已得到公认 ,但操作难度较大 ,技术要求较高 ,且有一定的并发症(3% 5 % ) [1,2 ] ,我们的资料显示 ,梗阻性黄疸患者行ＥＲＣＰ时 ,若术后未行鼻 -胆引流 ,发生严重并发症导致死亡者可达 10 6 %。而无创性方法 ,如超声检查 (ＵＳ)、ＣＴ等有一定的局限性 ,ＵＳ虽也可明确胰胆管是否扩张以及有否梗阻 ,但受视野…     

磁共振胰胆管造影、超声内镜与逆行胰胆管造影诊断阻塞性黄疸的价值

目的：比较磁共振胰胆管造影（MRCP）、超声内镜（EUS）与内镜逆行胰胆管造影（ERCP）诊断阻塞性黄疸的价值。方法：39例阻塞性黄疸患者分别行MRCP、EUS和ERCP。MRCP采用重T2加权及超快速自旋回波水成像技术进行,EUS和ERCP按常规进行。结果：MRCP、EUS与ERCP诊断准确率分别为87．2％（34／39例）、94．9％（37／39例）和97．4％（38／39例）;对恶性狭窄的诊断准确率分别为61．5％（8／13例）、84．6％（11／13例）和92．3％（12／13例）;对胆总管结石的诊断准确率均为100．0％（21／21例）。结论：MRCP为无创性检查,在明确阻塞性黄疸病因时可作为首选方法,目前尚不能取代ERCP。EUS作为诊断胆、胰系统疾病的重要方法,与MRCP和ERCP结合,能提高阻塞性黄疸诊断 的准确率。     

Prospective study of diagnostic value of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography versus endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in cholangiopancreatic diseases

OBJECTIVE: To compare the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) versus endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreato­graphy (ERCP) in the detection of cholangiopan­creatic diseases via a prospective study. METHODS: Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography was performed in 63 patients with suspected cholangiopancreatic diseases and followed by ERCP within 24 h. The MRCP and ERCP images were analyzed and compared. RESULTS: Of the 63 patients studied, 56 (88.9%) were correctly diagnosed by using ERCP and seven (11.1%) by using percutaneous transhepatic cholangio­graphy (PTC); however, all these patients were successfully diagnosed by using MRCP. Cholangio­pancreatic diseases were diagnosed by MRCP with a sensitivity of 98.2%, a specificity of 83.3%, a misdiagnostic rate of 16.7% and a missed diagnostic rate of 1.8%. The total concordance rate of MRCP, ERCP and PTC was 85.7%. For specific conditions, the concordance rates were as follows: biliary calculi 100%; tumors of the bile duct 92.9%; papillary lesions 70.6%; hepatic distomiasis 66.7%; chronic pancreatitis 100%. The complications associated with ERCP were five cases of acute pancreatitis and one case of perinephric abscess. The patient with perinephric abscess had previously had a B‐II operation. The complication rate associated with ERCP was 9.5% (6/63), but no complications were associated with MRCP. CONCLUSION: We conclude that MRCP is as effective as ERCP for the diagnosis of bile duct lesions, such as biliary calculi and tumors, but not for papillary lesions and liver fluke infections. Although MRCP can be used in patients who can’t tolerate ERCP or when there are contraindications to using ERCP, it should not be used for therapeutic purposes.     

磁共振胰胆管成像与内镜逆行胰胆管造影术对梗阻性黄疸的诊断价值

目的：评价磁共振胰胆管成像（MRCP）与经内镜胰胆管造影（ERCP）对梗阻性黄疸的诊断价值。方法：对32例梗阻性黄疸患者先后进行MRCP与ERCP检查，所有诊断均经手术或病理证实。结果：MRCP与ERCP对梗阻的定位准确率分别为90.6％（29/32）及82.8％（24/29），两者差异无统计学意义（P=0.5960），合并两者检查的准确率为96.9％（31/32），与单项MRCP(P=0.3010)、ERCP(P=0.0643)准确率差异无显著性意义。MRCP与ERCP对梗阻的定性诊断准确性分别为75.0％（24/32）及72.4（21/29），两者间差异无显著意义（P=0.9503），合并两者检查的准确率为93.8％（30/32），高于MRCP(P=0.0387)或ERCP(P=0.0245)单项检查。结论：MRCP与ERCP都是有效、安全的诊断梗阻性黄疸的方法，MRCP与ERCP相结合诊断准确率可进一步提高。     

经内镜逆行胰胆管造影与超声、多排螺旋CT、磁共振胰胆管造影对梗阻性黄疸诊断价值的比较

目的比较内镜下逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)与超声、多排螺旋CT(MSCT)及磁共振胰胆管造影(MRCP)对梗阻性黄疸的部位及病因诊断的准确率。方法 128例患者行超声、MSCT及ERCP检查,其中35例患者行MRCP检查。结果在梗阻部位的诊断上,四种方法对肝内胆管和胰头部的诊断准确率差异无统计学意义;ERCP对肝外胆管梗阻的诊断准确率与MRCP差异无统计学意义,但显著高于超声和MSCT;在病因诊断上,对于胆系结石、胆管炎和胰头癌的诊断准确率,四种方法差异无统计学意义;MRCP、ERCP和MSCT对于胆管癌诊断准确率均优于超声;此外,ERCP在诊断乳头部肿瘤、十二指肠乳头旁憩室时优于超声和MSCT。结论 ERCP对梗阻性黄疸的部位(尤其是肝外胆管和十二指肠乳头部)及病因(胆管癌、十二指肠乳头部肿瘤)的诊断具有重要价值。     

A prospective comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of ERCP,MRCP, CT,and EUS in biliary strictures

BACKGROUND: The differential diagnosis of biliary strictures remains a challenge. This study evaluated magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) as a new procedure in comparison with the established methods of diagnosis including ERCP or percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC), CT, and EUS. METHODS: Fifty patients (21 men, 29 women, mean age 65.7 years) with jaundice but no pain suspected to have biliary strictures were enrolled in this prospective study. MRCP, ERCP/PTC, CT, and EUS were performed prospectively; images and videotapes (EUS) of these tests were reviewed blindly under standardized conditions. Reference standards for comparison were surgery, a biopsy confirming malignancy, or the clinical course during follow-up (at least 12 months) in cases without histopathologic proof of malignancy. RESULTS: Seven patients ultimately proved to have jaundice caused by parenchymal liver disease and 43 had a biliary stricture (17 benign, 26 malignant). Forty patients underwent all 4 imaging tests. There were 10 patients in whom patient-specific problems precluded some procedures but who were included in an intention-to-diagnose analysis. The sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of malignancy in the 50 patients were as follows: 85% / 75% for ERCP/PTC, 85% / 71% for MRCP, 77% / 63% for CT, and 79% / 62% for EUS, with similar values in the 40 patients who underwent all 4 imaging methods. The combination of MRCP and EUS improved specificity. CONCLUSIONS: Although MRCP provides the same imaging information as direct cholangiography, it has limited specificity for the diagnosis of malignant strictures. In the differential diagnosis of biliary strictures, several tests including ERCP-guided tissue diagnosis are still required, and MRCP has only a limited clinical role.     

Nonoperative imaging techniques in suspected biliary tract obstruction

Evaluation of suspected biliary tract obstruction is a common clinical problem. Clinical data such as history, physical examination, and laboratory tests can accurately identify up to 90% of patients whose jaundice is caused by extrahepatic obstruction. However, complete assessment of extrahepatic obstruction often requires the use of various imaging modalities to confirm the presence, level, and cause of obstruction, and to aid in treatment plan. In the present summary, the literature on competing technologies including endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), percutaneous transhepatic cholangiopancreatography (PTC), endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), intraductal ultrasonography (IDUS), magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), helical CT (hCT) and helical CT cholangiography (hCTC) with regards to diagnostic performance characteristics, technical success, safety, and cost-effectiveness is reviewed. Patients with obstructive jaundice secondary to choledocholithiasis or pancreaticobiliary malignancies are the primary focus of this review. Algorithms for the management of suspected obstructive jaundice are put forward based on current evidence. Published data suggest an increasing role for EUS and other noninvasive imaging techniques such as MRCP, and hCT following an initial transabdominal ultrasound in the assessment of patients with suspected biliary obstruction to select candidates for surgery or therapeutic ERCP. The management of patients with a suspected pancreaticobiliary condition ultimately is dependent on local expertise, availability, cost, and the multidisciplinary collaboration between radiologists, surgeons, and gastroenterologists.     

Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography: comparative study with direct cholangiography

Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is an emergent non invasive diagnostic technique for the study of pancreaticobiliary system. Following the contraindications of traditional Magnetic Resonance, the MRCP is safe for the patient. Images can be obtained without administration of any contrast and not using Rx. The objective of this study is to evaluate the sensitivity and the specificity of MRCP respect direct cholangiography ([endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERCP) and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC)]. Forty one patients older than 60 years old were included, 19 male and 22 female, 73.5 median age. All of them have clinical diagnosis of obstructive jaundice. The patients were tested with MRCP first, and blinded of this results a direct cholangiography (DC) were done (ERCP 34 and PTC 8), less than 48 hs after MRCP. For the present study, the sensitivity was 100% and specificity was 90% of MRCP in the diagnosis of normal biliary tract. For the dilated biliary tract the sensitivity was 93% and the specificity was 92%. In bile duct obstruction the sensitivity was 88% without false positive. MRCP diagnosed the presence of choledocholithiasis with a sensitivity of 74% and specificity of 95%, lower than reported in other studies. 73% of our patients required some kind of therapeutic intervention. MRCP has high sensibility and specificity in the initial evaluation of patients with clinical obstructive jaundice and could replace the DC when is used for diagnostic purpose.     

低位梗阻性黄疸的影像与内镜诊断价值探讨

目的探讨影像与内镜检查在低位梗阻性黄疸中的诊断价值及科学组合与合理应用。方法回顾分析57例低位梗阻性黄疸患者的病因及体表超声（US）、cT、MRI＋MRCP、ERCP和EUS等诊断结果,总结各检查方法在低位梗阻性黄疸诊断中的适应证和诊断价值。结果57例低位梗阻性黄疸患者中,良性梗阻42例,其中胆总管结石38例,胆总管蛔虫1例,胆道术后良性狭窄2例,胰头部慢性胰腺炎1例;恶性梗阻15例,其中胰头癌11例,壶腹癌4例。US、CT、MRI＋MRCP、ERCP、EUS对低位梗阻性黄疸的定位诊断准确率分别为71．93％（41／57）、88．00％（22／25）、94．59％（35／37）、100．00％（47／47）、96．77％（30／31）;定性诊断准确率分别为63．16％（36／57）、80．00％（20／25）、83．78％（31／37）、100．00％（47／47）、96．77％（30／31）。结论良性病变是低位梗阻性黄疸的主要原因,但恶性病变并不少见,影像或内镜检查对于明确诊断至关重要,策略性、程序性选择应用各种检查方法,尤为必要。     

内镜超声引导下选择性胆管造影的可行性评价

目的：评价内镜超声引导下细针穿刺进行选择性胆管造影的诊断价值。方法：对经内镜逆行胰胆管造影插管失败且磁共振胰胆管成像显影不理想或体内有金属异物的26例黄疸患者，应用线阵探头的超声内镜和22G穿刺针经十二指肠进行胆管穿刺造影：结果：26例胆管均显影，无一例发生并发症：19例患者造影发现异常，其中5例结石患者经乳头括约肌预切开证实，11例胆总管癌性狭窄患者经外科手术证实，还有3例造影剂排泄缓慢。结论：在经内镜逆行胰胆管造影失败、磁共振胰胆管成像不能采用时，内镜超声引导下胆管造影提供了一种安全的胆管造影新方法。     

Diagnostic role of secretin-enhanced MRCP in patients with unsuccessful ERCP

AIM: To evaluate the value of MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) in patients in whom endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was unsuccessfully performed by experts in a tertiary center. METHODS: From January 2000 to June 2003, 22 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The indications for ERCP were obstructive jaundice (n = 9), abnormal liver enzymes (n = 8), suspected chronic pancreatitis (n = 2), recurrent acute pancreatitis (n = 2), or suspected pancreatic cancer (n = 1). The reasons for the ERCP failure were the postsurgical anatomy (n = 7), duodenal stenosis (n = 3), duodenal diverticulum (n = 2), and technical failure (n = 10). MRCP images were evaluated before and 5 and 10 min after i.v. administration of 0.5 IU/kg secretin. RESULTS: The MRCP images were diagnosed in all 21 patients. Five patients gave normal MR findings and required no further intervention. MRCP revealed abnormalities (primary sclerosing cholangitis, chronic pancreatitis, cholangitis, cholecystolithiasis or common bile duct dilation) in 10 patients, who were followed up clinically. Four patients subsequently underwent laparotomy (hepaticojejunostomy in consequence of common bile duct stenosis caused by unresectable pancreatic cancer; hepaticotomy+Kehr drainage because of insufficient biliary-enteric anastomosis; choledochojejunostomy, gastrojejunostomy and cysto-Wirsungo gastrostomy because of chronic pancreatitis, or choledochojejunostomy because of common bile duct stenosis caused by chronic pancreatitis). Three patients participated in therapeutic percutaneous transhepatic drainage. The indications were choledocholithiasis with choledochojejunostomy, insufficient biliary-enteric anastomosis, or cholangiocarcinoma. CONCLUSION: MRCP can assist the diagnosis and management of patients in whom ERCP is not possible.