Effect of Chinese medicine Qinggan Huoxuefang on inducing HSC apoptosis in alcoholic liver fibrosis rats

AIM: To investigate the effect of Qinggan Huoxuefang (QGHXF) on improvement of liver function and pathology in rats, and to analyze the mechanism. METHODS: Wistar rats were divided into three groups at random: normal control group (12), micro-amount carbon tetrachloride group (CCl4)(12) and model group A (60). The model group A was ingested with the mixture (500 mL/L alcohol, 8 mL/kg per day; corn oil, 2 mL/kg per day; pyrazole, 24 mg/kg per day) once a day and intraperitoneal injections of 0.25 mL/kg of a 250 mL/L solution of CCl4 in olive oil twice a week for 12 wk. The CCl4 group received intraperitoneal injections only. At the end of 8 wk the model group A (60) was divided into 5 subgroups: model group, Xiaochaihu Chongji (XCH) group, QGHXF high dose group, moderate dose group and low dose group, and were given the drugs respectively. At the end of 12 wk, all the rats were killed and blood samples collected, as well as liver tissue. Blood samples were used for evaluation of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT). Liver specimens were obtained for routine HE, apoptosis gene array and flow cytometry analysis. RESULTS: A liver fibrosis animal model was successfully established. Fibrosis was obviously reduced in QGHXF high dose group, and no fibrosis formed in CCl4 group. Compared with model group the QGHXF group and XCH group could obviously decrease the level of ALT, AST, ALP, and GGT (P<0.05). QGHXF high dose group was better than XCH group in ALT (615±190 vs 867±115), and AST(1972±366 vs 2777±608). Moreover, QGHXF could reduce liver inflammation, fibrosis-induced hepatic stellate cell (HSC) apoptosis and regulate apoptosis gene expression. The HSC apoptosis rates of QGHXF groups were 22.4±3.13, 13.79±2.26 and 10.07±1.14, higher than model group, 6.58±1.04 (P< 0.05). Compared to model group, 39 genes were up-regulated, 11 solely expressed and 17 down-regulated in high dose group. CONCLUSION: QGHXF can improve liver fibrosis and induce HSC apoptosis.     

Change of choline compounds in sodium selenite-induced apoptosis of rats used as quantitative analysis by in vitro 9.4T MR spectroscopy

AIM： TO study liver cell apoptosis caused by the toxicity of selenium and observe the alteration of choline compounds using in vitro 9.4T high resolution magnetic resonance spectroscopy. METHODS Twenty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups. The rats in the treatment group were intraperitoneally injected with sodium selenite and the control group with distilled water. All rats were sacrificed and the livers were dissected. 1H-MRS data were collected using in vitro 9.4T high resolution magnetic resonance spectrometer. Spectra were processed using XWINNMR and MestRe-c 4.3. HE and TUNEL staining was employed to detect and confirm the change of liver cells. RESULTS： Good 1H-MR spectra of perchloric acid extract from liver tissue of rats were obtained. The conventional metabolites were detected and assigned. Concentrations of different ingredient choline compounds in treatment group vs control group were as follows： total choline compounds, 5.08 ± 0.97 mmol/L vs 3.81±1.16 mmol/L （P = 0.05）; and free choline, 1.07 ± 0.23 mmol/L vs 0.65± 0.20 mmol/L （P = 0.00）. However, there was no statistical significance between the two groups. The hepatic sinus and cellular structure of hepatic cells in treatmentgroup were abnormal. Apoptosis of hepatic cells was confirmed by TUNEL assay. CONCLUSION High dose selenium compounds can cause the rat liver lesion and induce cell apoptosis in vivo. High resolution 1H-MRS in vitro can detect diversified metabolism. The changing trend for different ingredient of choline compounds is not completely the same at early period of apoptosis.     

Effects of extract from Ginkgo biloba on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in rats

AIM: To study the effects of extract from Ginkgo biloba (EGb) containing 22% flavonoid and 5% terpenoid on chronic liver injury and liver fibrosis of rats induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). METHODS: All rats were randomly divided into control group, CCl4-treated group, colchicine-treated group and EGb-protected group. Chronic liver injury was induced in experimental groups by subcutaneous injection of CCl4 and fed with chows premixed with 79.5% corn powder, 20% lard and 0.5% cholesterol (v/v). EGb-protected group was treated with EGb (0.5 g/kg body weight per day) for 7 wk. At the end of wk 8, all the rats were killed. Liver function, liver fibrosis, oxidative stress and expression of transforming growth factorβ1 (TGF-β1), a-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and typeⅠcollagens in liver were determined. In addition, pathology changes of liver tissue were observed under light microscope. RESULTS: The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and albumin (Alb) in EGb-protected group were notably improved as compared with the CCL4-treated group (P < 0.01). The contents of serum hyaluronic acid (HA), typeⅢprocollagen (PCⅢ), typeⅣcollagen (CIV) and the expression of hepatic tissue TGF-β1,α-SMA and typeⅠcollagen in EGb-protected group were significantly lower than those in CCL4-treated groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The degrees of liver fibrosis in EGb-protected groups were lower than those in CCL4-treated groups (6.58±1.25 vs 9.52±2.06, P < 0.05). Compared to the CCL4-treated group, the levels of plasma glutathoine peroxidase (Se-GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were strikingly improved also in EGb-protected group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: EGb resists oxidative stress and thereby reduces chronic liver injury and liver fibrosis in rats with liver injury induced by CCl4     

Toxicities and therapeutic effect of 5-fluorouracil controlled release implant on tumor-bearing rats

AIM: To investigate the toxicities, biodistribution and anticancer effect of 5-fluorouracil controlled release implant (5-FUCI) on Walker 256 carcinosarcoma cells in Wistar rats.METHODS: Experiment 1: Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups (27 rats per group). Blank implant was implanted in left lobe of the liver, and rats were treated with saline solution (in group A) or 5-fluorouracil(subcutaneous injection, group B). 5-FUCI was inserted in left lobe of the liver (group C). The gastrointestinal and hematological toxicities were observed and contents of element F in group C were assayed. Experiment 2: on day 6 after Walker-256carcinosarcoma transplantation in left lobe of the liver, 5-FUCI was implanted in right lobe of the liver (group E) or left lobe (group F), and rats in control group (group D)were inserted blank implant. Tumor inhibition rate and survival time were investigated.RESULTS: 5-FUCI showed no obvious toxic effect, extraction of Evan′s blue from gastrointestinal tissue was normal, the peripheral white blood cells and bone marrow nucleated cells were not reduced, compared with control group (P＞0.05).Histological examination revealed that there were no visible changes in small intestinal mucosa, The concentration of 5-fluorouracil in left lobe of the liver was 9.84, 28, 34 times as much as those of right lobe of the liver, heart and kidney respectively after the implantation in group C. They kept a high level of fluorouracil in left lobe of the liver, ranging from (4.414±0.482)% to (7.800±0.804)%, for eight weeks.Survival days were 28.0±2.2, 30.0±3.2 and 38.7±6.7 d in group D, E and F, respectively.CONCLUSION: 5-FUCI shows no obvious toxicities to gastrointestinal tract and myelotoxicity. After implantation,it kept a high level of 5- fluorouracil in surrounding tissues of the implant for eight weeks. Its antitumor effect on Walker256 carcinosarcoma is demonstrated.     

Hepatic injury induced by carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum in experimental rats

AIM： To observe the hepatic injury induced by carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum in rats and to explore its potential mechanism.
METHODS： Thirty healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into control group （n = 10）, 0 h experimental group （n = 10） and 1 h experimental group （n = 10） after sham operation with carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum. Histological changes in liver tissue were observed with hematoxylineosin staining. Liver function was assayed with an automatic biochemical analyzer. Concentration of malonyldialdehyde （MDA） and activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD） were assayed by colorimetry. Activity of adenine nucleotide translocator in liver tissue was detected with the atractyloside-inhibitor stop technique. Expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1 （HIF-1） mRNA in liver tissue was detected with in situ hybridization.
RESULTS： Carbon dioxide 60 min could induce liver pneumoperitoneum for injury in rats. Alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were 95.7 ± 7.8 U/L and 86.8 ± 6.9 U/L in 0 h experimental group, and 101.4 ± 9.3 U/L and 106.6 ±8.7 U/L in 1 h experimental group. However, no significant difference was found in total billirubin, albumin, and pre-albumin in the three groups. In 0 h experimental group, the concentration of MDA was 9.83 ±2.53 μmol/g in liver homogenate and 7.64 ± 2.19 μmol/g in serum respectively, the activity of SOD was 67.58±9.75 nu/mg in liver and 64.47 ± 10.23 nu/mg in serum respectively. In 1 h experimental group, the concentration of MDA was 16.57±3.45 μmol/g in liver tissue and 12.49 ±4.21 μmol/g in serum respectively, the activity of SOD was 54.29 ±7.96 nu/mg in liver tissue and 56.31 ±9.85 nu/mg in serum respectively. The activity of ANT in liver tissue was 9.52 ± 1.56 in control group, 6.37± 1.33 in 0 h experimental group and 7.2 8±1.45 （10^-9 mol/min per gram protein） in 1 h experimental group, respectively. The expression of HIF-1 mRNA in liver tissue was not detected in control group, and its optical density difference value was 6.14±1.03 in 0 h experimental group and 9.51 ± 1.74 in 1 h experimental group, respectively.
CONCLUSION： Carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum during the sham operation can induce hepatic injury in rats. The probable mechanisms of liver injury include anoxia, ischemia reperfusion and oxidative stress. Liver injury should be avoided during clinical laparoscopic operation with carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum.     

Alanyl-glutamine dipeptide inhibits hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats

AIM: To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of alanyl-glutamine dipeptide (Ala-Gln) against hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. METHODS: Rats were divided into group C as normal control Group (n=16) and group G as alanyl-glutamine pretreatment (n=16). Rats were intravenously infused with 0.9% saline solution in group C and Ala-Gln -enriched (2% glutamine) 0.9% saline solution in group G via central venous catheter for three days. Then all rats underwent hepatic warm ischemia for 30 min followed by different periods of reperfusion. Changes in biochemical parameters, the content of glutathione (GSH) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in liver tissue, Bcl-2 and Bax protein expression and morphological changes of liver tissue were compared between both groups. RESULTS: One hour after reperfusion, the levels of liver enzymes in group G were significantly lower than those in group C (P<0.05). Twenty-four hours after reperfusion, the levels of liver enzymes in both groups were markedly recovered and the levels of liver enzyme in group G were also significantly lower than those in group C (P<0.01). One and 24 h after reperfusion, GSH content in group G was significantly higher than that in group C (P <0.05). There was no statistical difference in activities of SOD between the two groups. One and 24 h after reperfusion, the positive expression rate of Bcl-2 protein was higher in group G than in group C (p<0.05) and the positive expression rate of Bax protein was lower in group G than in group C (P<0.05). Histological and ultrastructural changes of liver tissue were inhibited in group C compared to group G. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that Ala-Gln pre-treatment provides the rat liver with significant tolerance to warm ischemia-reperfusion injury, which may be mediated partially by enhancing GSH content and regulating the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins in the liver tissue.     

尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物基因转染骨髓源性肝干细胞移植对肝纤维化大鼠肝细胞再生的影响

目的 探讨尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物(uPA)基因修饰骨髓源性肝干细胞(BDLSC)移植对四氯化碳(CCl4)诱导肝纤维化大鼠肝细胞再生的影响.方法 纯系Fisher 344雄性大鼠10只,为BDLSC供体大鼠.体外将AduPA转染雄性大鼠BDLSC.纯系Fisher 344雌性大鼠36只,均分为正常组(皮下注射橄榄油)、模型组(CCl4造模,尾静脉注射0.9%氯化钠)、BDLSC组(CCl4造模,尾静脉输入BDLSC)、转基因组(CCl4造模,尾静脉输入转基因BDLSC).检测大鼠肝功能和肝组织胶原面积.半定量RT-PCR方法检测大鼠肝组织肝细胞生长因子(HGF)及其受体c-met mRNA表达水平.免疫组织化学法检测大鼠肝组织增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)蛋白表达.结果 正常组、模型组、BDLSC组、转基因组肝组织胶原染色面积分别为0.12%±0.03%、14.49%±1.40%、8.25%±0.82%、5.12%±0.40%,组间差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05).与模型组和BDLSC组相比,转基因组大鼠肝功能明显改善,血清透明质酸(HA)、血清Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)、肝组织羟脯氨酸含量明显降低,肝组织HGF和c-met mRNA水平均显著上调,PCNA蛋白表达显著增加.结论 uPA基因修饰BDLSC移植可能诱导肝细胞增殖,从而改善CCl4诱导肝纤维化大鼠的肝功能.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the effects of urokinase type plasminogen activator (uPA) gene-modified bone marrow-derived liver stem cells ( BDLSC) transplantation on hepatocyte regeneration in CCl4-induced liver fibrosis rats. Methods Ten male Fisher 344 rats were donor rats of BDLSC. The BDLSC of male rat was transfected with AduPA. Thirty-six female Fisher 344 rats were equally divided into normal group (injected subcutaneously with olive oil) , model group (CCl4 induced the model, injected through tail vein with 0. 9% sodium chloride), BDLSC group (CCl4 induced the model, injected through tail vein with BDLSC) and gene transfected group (CCl4 induced the model,injected through tail vein with gene transfected BDLSC). Liver function and area of collagen were observed. The expression of hepatic growth factor ( HGF) and its receptor c-met mRNA in rats' liver tissues were tested by semiquantitative RT-PCR. The expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in rats' liver tissues were determined by immunohistochemistry staining. Results The areas of collagen in normal group, model group, BDLSC group and gene transfected group was 0. 12% ± 0.03%, 14. 49%±1.40%, 8. 25%±0. 82% and 5. 12%±0. 40% accordingly, there were significant differences between groups (P<0. 05). Compared with model group and BDLSC group, the liver function of gene transfected group significantly improved, the serum levels of hyaluronic acid (HA),procollagen Ⅲ (PCⅢ) and the content of hydroxyproline in liver tissues decreased dramatically. The expression of HGF and c-met at mRNA levels were up-regulated significantly, and the expression of PCNA protein in liver tissues increased obviously. Conclusion uPA gene-modified BDLSC transplantation may induce proliferation of hepatocytes, and then improve the liver functions of fibrotic rats induced by CCl4.     

Influences of enteral nutrition combined with probiotics on gut microflora and barrier function of rats with abdominal infection

AIM: To investigate the influences of enteral, parenteral nutrition and probiotics delivered by gut on intestinal microecology, epithelial tight junctions, immune and barrier function of rats with abdominal infection. METHODS: Rat abdominal infection models established with cecal ligation and perforation method, were divided into three groups: parenteral nutrition (PN group, n = 7), PN enteral nutrition (EN group, n = 7) and PN EN probiotics (probiotics group, n = 7) via the needle jejunostomy and neck vein for five days. The total nutritional supplement of the three groups was isonitrogenic and isocaloric. Probiotics was delivered by jejunostomy 10 mL/d (1×108 cfu/mL). The rats were killed on the sixth day. The feces in the cecum were cultured for anaerobic bacterial growth and analyzed with bacterial group DNA fingerprint profile with random amplified polymorphic DNA. The transmembrane binding proteins (occludin) and IgA level in plasma cells of intestine epithelium in colon and terminal ileum were measured by an immunohistochemistry method. The ultrastructure of intestinal epithelial tight junctions in colon and small intestine was observed by electron-microscopy. Vena cava blood and the homogenated tissue of liver, lung and mesenteric lymph nodes were cultured to determine the bacterial translocations, and endotoxin in the blood from portal vein was detected. RESULTS: (1) The amount of bacteria of gut species in EN group and probiotic group was higher than that in PN group. The DIMA-profiles in EN group and probiotic group were similar to that of normal rats. The number of DNA-profiles in probiotics group was much more than that in PN group and EN group. Moreover, there were strange stripes in PN group. (2) The expression of occludin and IgA in the small and large intestine in EN group (2.309±0.336, 15.440±2.383) and probiotic group (2.938±0.515, 16.230±3.183) was improved as compared with PN group (1.207±0.587, P < 0.05, 11.189±2.108, P < 0.01). The expression of occludin in probiotic group (intestine: 2.93±0.515; cecum: 3.40±0.617) was higher than that in EN group (intestine: 2.309±0.336; cecum: 2.076±0.670; P < 0.05). The expression of IgA, especially in EN group (intestine: 15.440±2.383) and probiotic EN group (large intestine: 12.516±1.542) significantly increased as compared with PN group (intestine: 11.189±2.108; cecum: 10.160±1.643; P < 0.01). The intestinal epithelial tight junctions and microvilli of the probiotic group were more intact than those in the PN group. (3) The bacterial translocations in blood, liver, lung and mesenteric lymph nodes, and the levels of endotoxin were significantly reduced in probiotic (0.082±0.029) and EN (0.125±0.040) groups as compared with PN group (0.403±0.181, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Application of EN combined with probiotics could improve the expression of transmembrane binding proteins (occludin) and IgA, correct the intestinal flora disturbance, maintain gut barrier functions and tight junctions, and reduce the occurrence of gut bacterial translocation.     

肝吸虫感染大鼠模型的建立及肝损伤的观察

目的 观察不同剂量的肝吸虫囊蚴感染大鼠后粪便中虫卵检出率及肝组织的病理变化.方法 分离采自疫区麦穗鱼体内的囊蚴,分别以25、50、100和200个囊蚴经口感染四组大鼠,同时设生理盐水灌注对照组.生理盐水涂片法检查大鼠粪便中虫卵,虫卵检出率达100％时宰杀动物,取肝脏制备组织切片.结果 成功建立了肝吸虫感染Wistar大鼠的实验动物模型,观察到肝吸虫感染大鼠和肝吸虫病患者肝组织有典型的肝胆管病理学改变.感染组大鼠感染后3w粪便虫卵检出率为70.8％;感染后4w为85.4％;感染后5w为93.8％;感染后6w检出率为100％.感染25个囊蚴组虫体回收率为17.3％;感染50个囊蚴组虫体回收率为15.7％;感染100个囊蚴组虫体回收率为42.8％;感染200个囊蚴组虫体回收率为31.7％.对照组均未检出虫卵及成虫.结论 感染后6w肝吸虫虫卵的检出率达高峰;感染100个囊蚴组虫体回收率最高.肝吸虫感染可以引起宿主肝细胞变性和坏死,是患者的临床表现及肝损伤的病理基础.     

广州珠三角地区家猫自然感染华支睾吸虫的调查及豚鼠模型的构建

目的了解广州珠三角地区家猫自然感染华支睾吸虫状况,观察豚鼠感染华支睾吸虫后肝组织病理变化。方法解剖当地家猫,取肝脏,检查华支睾吸虫感染情况,阳性肝脏收集成虫,并取肝组织制作切片;采集阳性鱼,分离华支睾吸虫囊蚴,经口感染豚鼠,60个囊蚴／只,60d后解剖豚鼠,检查肝脏,收集成虫,取病变肝组织制作切片,作病理检查。实验设未感染对照组。结果当地猫华支睾吸虫自然感染率为41．47％（214／516）;感染豚鼠华支睾吸虫成虫网收率50．83％（305／600）。与对照组比较,实验组豚鼠肝脏肿大,边缘呈球状隆起,部分肝叶表面可见水泡状凸起病变,水泡内液清亮;病变组织横切面可见胆管管壁增厚,管腔内有华支睾吸虫成虫寄生;镜下可见华支睾吸虫虫卯切面,周围大量炎症细胞浸润,胆管管壁增厚,管周纤维组织增生伴胆管扩张,肝小叶结构破坏。结论广州珠三角地区家猫华支睾吸虫感染率较高。豚鼠是华支睾吸虫合适的终末宿主,且肝脏病变明显。     

急性胰腺炎大鼠血和组织中降钙素原水平的变化

目的 观察急性胰腺炎(AP)大鼠血和组织中降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)水平的变化,并探讨其意义.方法 将102只雄性Wistar大鼠按数字表法随机分为正常对照组(6只)、脂多塘(LPS)组(24只)、急性水肿性胰腺炎(AEP)组(24只)、急性坏死性胰腺炎(ANP)组(24只)和ANP+LPS组(24只).皮下注射雨蛙素制备AEP模型,逆行胆胰管注射牛磺胆酸钠制备ANP模型.术后3、6、18、24 h分批处死动物,胰腺组织常规病理检查并评分;取血检测PCT水平;取肝、肺、脾、胰腺、小肠及大肠组织检测PCT含量.结果 AEP和ANP模型制备成功.术后6 h时,对照组、LPS组、AEP组、ANP组和ANP+LPS组血PCT水平分别为(0.0144±0.0082)ng/ml、(0.1722±0.0449)ng/ml、(0.4751±0.0572)ng/ml、(0.7070±0.1040)ng/ml和(1.1960±0.8644)ng/ml,各组间相差显著(P＜0.05).正常大鼠肝、肺、脾、胰腺、小肠及大肠组织均检测到PCT.与之相比,ANP组肝和胰腺PCT含量无明显变化;肺、脾及大肠PCT含量显著降低[分别为(5.63±0.62)ng/ml对(6.85±0.46)ng/ml,(4.73±1.27)ng/ml对(6.88±0.31)ng/ml,(1.08±0.52)ng/ml对(4.12±1.02)ng/ml,P值均＜0.01],而小肠组织明显升高[(2.51±0.90)ng/m1对(0.98±0.20)ng/ml,P＜0.01].结论 血清PCT水平与AP的严重程度及感染相关,AP时各组织PCT含量的不同变化可能与器官功能的改变有一定的关系.     

乌司他定对急性坏死性胰腺炎大鼠合并肺损伤的影响

目的 探讨乌司他定(UT1)对急性坏死性胰腺炎大鼠(ANP)合并肺损伤时肺内ET-1和NF-κB表达及肺损伤的影响.方法 60只SD大鼠按随机数字法分成假手术组、ANP组和UTI组,各20只.采用胆胰管逆行注射5%牛磺胆酸钠溶液1 ml/kg体重制备ANP模型,假手术组胰管注射等量生理盐水,UT1组在ANP制模成功后即从大鼠尾静脉注射UTI 10 000 U/kg体重.24 h后处死动物,测血清淀粉酶、TNF-α、肺组织湿/干重比,免疫组化法检测肺组织NF-κB和ET-1蛋白表达以及使用TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡.结果 UTI组术后24 h血清淀粉酶、TNF-α和肺湿/干重比分别为(5 648±378)U/L、(89.19±3.54)ng/L和4.55±0.07,较ANP组的(6 799±437)U/L、(183.30±8.18)ng/L和4.89±0.20显著降低(P＜0.05).假手术组末见NF-κB和ET-1表达,未见凋亡细胞.UTI组NF-κB和ET-1阳性表达率分别为(19±3)%和(8±1)%,较ANP组的(25±2)%和(13±1)%显著降低(P＜0.05).UTI组细胞凋亡指数为13.75±1.25,较ANP组的6.90±0.85显著升高(P＜0.05).结论 ANP时肺组织NF-κB和ET-1的高表达可能导致肺损伤.UTI能改善肺微循环,减轻肺炎症性损伤.     

大黄甘草汤对急性坏死性胰腺炎大鼠并发的肺损伤的影响

目的 观察大黄甘草汤对急性坏死性胰腺炎(ANP)大鼠并发肺损伤的治疗效果,探讨其作用机制.方法 90只Wistar大鼠按完全随机法分为假手术组、ANP组和大黄甘草汤治疗(治疗)组,每组30只.采用逆行胰胆管注射4%牛磺胆酸钠方法制备ANP模型.治疗组在制模后给予大黄甘草汤(0.25 g/ml)0.6 ml/100 g体重灌胃,1次/12 h;假手术组与ANP组予等量生理盐水灌胃.术后6、12、24 h分批处死大鼠,取胰腺及肺组织行病理学检查并评分;测血清及肺组织IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α水平;免疫组化法检测肺组织Toll样受体4(TLR4)的表达量.结果 制模后12 h,假手术组、ANP组和治疗组的血IL-6水平分别为(14.4±4.0)pg/ml、(171.4±41.3)pg/ml、(156.9±34.7)pg/ml,IL-10水平为(13.7±4.5)pg/ml、(120.5±23.7)pg/ml、(148.3±44.4)pg/ml,TNF-α水平为(22.4±4.7)pg/ml、(261.3±51.4)pg/ml、(235.3±45.9)pg/ml;肺组织IL-6水平为(257.3±55.9)pg/g、(2578.3±403.0)pg/g、(2370.0±491.0)pg/g,IL-10水平为(80.8±20.8)Pg/g、(642.0±107.3)pg/g、(695.3±151.7)Pg/g,TNF-α水平为(207.6±98.6)pg/g、(1769.1±635.6)Pg/g、(1401.1±450.5)pg/g;胰腺病理评分为0、7.0±1.3、6.3±1.0;肺脏病理评分为0、6.3±1.4、5.6±1.0;肺组织TLR4表达量为0.09 ±0.03、0.59±0.09、0.52±0.08.ANP组和治疗组的上述指标均显著高于假手术组(P值均＜0.01);除IL-10外,治疗组的指标又显著低于ANP组(P值均＜0.05).肺组织病理学损伤与胰腺组织损伤呈正相关(r=0.807,P＜0.01),与TLR4表达水平亦呈正相关(r=0.519,P＜0.01).结论 大黄甘草汤可快速改善ANP并发的肺损伤,其机制可能与抑制TLR4的表达、降低IL-6和TNF-α、升高IL-10水平有关.     

非酒精性脂肪性肝炎大鼠模型的建立及其胰腺、肾脏的组织学病理变化

目的探讨非酒精性脂肪性肝炎大鼠模型肝外脏器胰腺、肾脏的组织学病理变化情况。方法将20只SD大鼠中的6只首先按完全随机配对分配到观察组(B组),将剩下的14只按体质量配对成7个区组,最后将每个区组中的1只大鼠按随机数字表分配到实验组(C组),其余7只为对照组(A组)。B组和C组给予高脂饮食,A组给予普通饮食。B组于实验第4、8、12周各处死2只,提取肝脏组织行HE染色,显微镜下观察肝脏病理切片是否达到脂肪性肝炎,第12周末建模成功(提示C组建模成功)。处死A组和C组全部大鼠,分别检测血清学指标ALT、AST、GGT、TG、TC、LDL、GLU、INS、HOMA-IR,取肝脏组织行HE染色;胰腺组织行HE染色观察大鼠胰腺腺泡和胰岛变化情况;肾脏组织行PAS染色,免疫组织化学desmin蛋白染色观察肾小球和足细胞desmin表达情况。计量资料2组间比较采用t检验。结果C组大鼠病理评分及血清ALT、GGT、LDL、TG、TC、GLU、INS、HOMAIR水平均高于A组(t值分别为4.67、2.83、2.34、4.58、4.78、3.00、2.97、3.80、4.10,P值均<0.05)。高脂组从第4周开始到第12周末肝脏病理改变为:肝小叶结构逐渐破坏,肝细胞胞浆内的小脂肪空泡逐渐转变为大脂肪空泡,汇管区逐渐出现炎症细胞浸润。高脂组第12周末胰腺病理改变为:胰腺腺泡细胞开始出现凋亡,萎缩,胰岛细胞未见明显异常。高脂组第12周末肾脏病理改变为:PAS染色阳性物质明显增多,肾小球体积增大,肾小球毛细血管基底膜增厚,毛细血管袢排列紊乱,系膜区增生明显;肾小管上皮细胞肿胀,部分管腔狭窄。高脂组肾组织免疫组化:肾小球足细胞desmin表达增强。结论高脂饮食诱导大鼠成功构建大鼠非酒精性脂肪性肝炎模型;大鼠非酒精性脂肪性肝炎模型可能导致胰腺腺泡细胞凋亡、萎缩;肾脏肾小球体积增大,毛细血管基底膜增厚,系膜增生,足细胞损伤。     

重度妊娠高血压综合征胎盘组织中细胞凋亡的临床观察与研究

目的研究细胞凋亡及其凋亡基因Bax、bcl-2和FAS在重度妊娠高血压综合征(妊高征)患者发生、发展中的作用和意义。方法选择2010年4月—2011年4月我院40例分别为正常晚孕妇女(对照组20例)和重度妊高征患者(观察组20例)的胎盘绒毛膜组织进行分析,采用流式细胞计量术检测方法检测细胞凋亡,促进和抑制凋亡基因(bax、bcl-2)及FAS表达意义。结果对照组胎盘绒毛中胎盘细胞滋养细胞、合体滋养细胞中凋亡指数分别为(1.2±0.9)%、(41.9±1.8)%;bax阳性率分别为(1.1±0.8)%、(29.1±9.8)%;bcl-2阳性率分别为(2.1±0.9)%、(22.9±0.9)%;FAS的表达指数是(5.61±2.79)%。观察组胎盘细胞滋养细胞、合体滋养细胞的凋亡指数分别为(4.4±1.3)%、(44.3±1.5)%;bax阳性率分别是(2.3±0.8)%、(41.5±11.8)%;bcl-2阳性率分别是(3.1±0.9)%、(23.4±7.9)%;FAS的表达指数是(4.01±1.83)%。观察组中细胞凋亡明显增高(P<0.01),bax表达也明显增强(P<0.01)。结论细胞凋亡及其调节基因的表达间具有一致性;在妊高征中起重要的作用;细胞凋亡、bax、bcl-2表达间的变化影响妊娠妇女与重度妊高征患者胎盘的结构与功能,同时我们通过对细胞凋亡的调节而对妊高征的演进过程产生影响。     

慢病毒介导miR-203过表达对酒精性肝病大鼠肝损伤的保护作用及其机制研究*

目的 探讨miR-203对酒精性肝病(ALD)大鼠肝损伤的保护作用及其作用机制。方法 将60只SD大鼠随机分为ALD组(A组)、NC-miRNA/ALD组(B组)和miR-203/ALD组(C组)。将慢病毒质粒经尾静脉注射感染大鼠,并采用酒精饮料喂养法建立ALD模型,采用Realtime PCR法检测大鼠肝组织miR-203水平,常规行病理学检查,评估大鼠肝组织损伤情况。使用市售试剂盒检测大鼠肝组织匀浆超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和丙二醛(MDA)水平,采用Western Blot法检测肝组织IL-1β和NF-κB蛋白表达。结果 在建模8 w末,C组大鼠肝组织miR-203水平为(2.8±0.1),显著高于B组【(1.3±0.5),P＜0.05】;C组动物血清AST、ALT和TBIL水平分别为(89.5±7.9)U/L、(38.5±10.1)U/L和(27.8±5.1)μmol/L,显著低于B组【(162.8±16.5)U/L、(69.6±7.5)U/L和(54.9±7.8)μmol/L,P＜0.05】;C组肝组织匀浆SOD和CAT水平分别为(57.6±11.4)U/mg和(54.6±9.9)U/mg,显著高于B组【(41.6±7.6)U/mg和(45.7±6.0)U/mg,P＜0.05】,而MDA水平为(2.8±0.1)nmol/g,显著低于B组【(5.0±0.2)nmol/g,P＜0.05】;Western Blot检测结果表明,C组肝组织IL-1β蛋白和NF-κB表达分别为(0.7±0.2)和(0.3±0.1),显著低于B组【(1.2±0.3)和(1.0±0.2),P＜0.05】。结论 miR-203过表达对ALD大鼠肝损伤起到了保护作用,其可能的机制是增强了抗氧化和抗炎作用。     

华支睾吸虫感染新西兰兔转化生长因子β1和白细胞介素17的动态变化及其意义

目的分析华支睾吸虫感染新西兰兔转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)、白细胞介素17(IL-17)的变化及意义。方法选择健康新西兰兔8只,经口灌胃华支睾吸虫囊蚴800个;于感染0、1、3、7、14、21、28和42d耳缘静脉采血,分离血清,用ELISA法检测血清中TGF-β1、IL-17水平;于42d剖杀感染兔,取肝脏制作组织切片,HE染色观察病理变化。结果实验兔感染0d时TGF-β1为(706.08±60.72)pg/ml,感染42d时为(1106.26±60.35)pg/ml,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。IL-17水平自感染开始持续增高,在感染3d时[(68.69±6.04)pg/ml]达到最高峰,与感染0d[(50.04±4.16)pg/ml]时相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);此后逐渐降低,至21d时降至感染前水平。结论新西兰兔感染华支睾吸虫早期IL-17高表达,感染42d时TGF-β1高表达。提示TGF-β1/IL-17在华支睾吸虫致病过程中发挥重要作用。     

骨髓间充质干细胞移植对脑缺血大鼠脑组织凋亡相关蛋白的影响

目的 探讨经静脉移植的骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)在脑缺血大鼠脑组织的分布情况及对凋亡相关蛋白半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3(Caspase 3)及Bcl-2蛋白表达的影响.方法 体外培养及扩增MSCs后,用绿色荧光染料羟基荧光素二醋酸盐琥珀酰亚胺脂(CFSE)标记,通过静脉途径移植给大脑中动脉缺血2 h再灌注的SD大鼠,按不同时间点取材,荧光显微镜下观察MSCs在脑内的分布,免疫组化染色检测大鼠脑内Caspase 3、Bcl-2蛋白表达情况.结果 移植组6、12、24、72 h及7 d时,Caspase 3免疫组化阳性目标面密度分别为(2.81±0.35)%、(3.98±0.67)%、(5.58±0.92)%、(3.51±0.63)%、(1.64±0.29)%,明显低于对照组[(3.92±0.44)%、(5.23±0.30)%、(6.89±0.57)%、(4.39±0.57)%、(2.29±0.21)%],两组比较差异有统计学意义(t值分别为4.37、3.34、2.60、2.32、3.90,P＜0.05或＜0.01);移植组6、12 h及7 d,Bcl-2阳性目标面密度分别为(4.70±0.16)%、(5.61±0.26)%、(3.00±0.28)%,明显高于对照组[(3.28±0.27)%、(4.54±0.59)%、(2.15±0.62)%],两组比较差异有统计学意义(t值分别为8.32、3.25、2.54,P＜0.05或＜0.01).结论 MSCs可能通过下调Caspase 3蛋白表达、上调Bcl-2蛋白表达的方式对脑缺血再灌注损伤起保护作用.