甲状腺癌前哨淋巴结活检的应用观察研究

目的应用SLNB技术检测甲状腺癌前哨淋巴结,评价染料核素联合定位法的可行性及临床应用情况。方法应用SLNB技术检测在我科住院的46例甲状腺癌患者的前哨淋巴结,男11例,女35例;年龄25～75岁。Ⅰ期21例,Ⅱ期17例,Ⅲ期6例,Ⅳ期2例;有淋巴结转移31例,无淋巴结转移15例;甲状腺乳头状癌28例,滤泡腺癌17例,髓样癌1例。结果 46例甲状腺癌有43例检出SLN,其中SLN共检出65枚,其中1枚的23例,取出2枚的18例,取出3枚的2例。术中行冰冻检出有转移的SLN28枚,术后常规病理检出有转移的SLN31枚。SLN检出率93.4%（43/46）,敏感性90.3%（28/31）,假阴性率9.7%（3/31）。结论用核素、染料、r计数仪联合检测SLN,检出率较高（93.4%,43/46）,敏感性也较高（90.3%,28/31）,假阴性率9.7%（3/31）。与国内外报道接近,分别为66%～100%和80%～100%。因此用核素、染料、r计数仪联合检测SLN的方法可靠、准确性高,可以作为常规方法检测SLN。而根据SLN的结果决定是否行颈淋巴结清扫术,将有可能取代传统的颈淋巴结清扫原则。     

舌体鳞癌前哨淋巴结的放射性胶体定位

背景与目的:目前缺乏一种特异性的诊断手段能在术前准确地评价临床颈淋巴结阴性(clinically negetive neck,cN0)舌癌患者的颈部隐匿性转移状况,所以其颈部的手术处理还存在争议.而前哨淋巴结(sentinel lymph node,SLN)活检的应用可能为cN0舌癌患者颈部个体化治疗提供依据.本研究旨在探讨cN0舌体鳞癌前哨淋巴结放射性胶体定位的可行性,以及前哨淋巴结检测的临床价值.方法:选择21例cNO患者,其中初诊者20例,原发灶有手术史者1例.手术当天于舌肿瘤周围多点注射99mTc-SC,尽量包绕肿瘤,全部患者术前及术中用γ探测仪探测SLN,其中5例患者结合使用术前核素扫描示踪SLN,全部患者行肩胛舌骨肌上颈清扫,以颈清扫标本的常规病理结果为金标准,评价放射性胶体定位SLN的准确率.对常规病理检查阴性的SLN进一步行免疫组化检查.结果:21例患者定位到SLN(共41枚),SLN检出率为100%(21/21),其中20例患者SLN的病理检查结果与颈清扫的病理检查结果相符合,准确率95%(20/21).1例患者SLN病理阴性,而颈清扫标本出现阳性淋巴结,为假阴性.多层切片加免疫组化微转移检出率为7.3%(3/41).结论:舌癌SLN放射性胶体定位是可行的,SLN活检能较好地预测颈部淋巴结转移状况,但其临床应用价值还需进一步研究.     

皮肤恶性黑素瘤的前哨淋巴结活检技术

目的:评估前哨淋巴结活检(sentinel lymph node biopsy,SLNB)应用于皮肤恶性黑素瘤诊断和治疗中的临床价值。方法:对18例临床评估无区域淋巴结转移的皮肤恶性黑素瘤患者,应用淋巴核素显像以及术中核素扫描等方法定位前哨淋巴结(sentinel lymph node,SLN);切除SLN后进行快速冰冻和常规石蜡切片病理检查,若SLN为阳性,则加行相应区域淋巴结清扫。结果:18例患者中共检出SLN34枚,其中阳性7枚(20.6%)。5例SLN阳性患者加行区域淋巴结清扫,包括3例腹股沟清扫、1例腋窝清扫和1例颈部清扫;除SLN以外,共清扫淋巴结84枚,其中阳性39枚(46.4%)。结论:SLNB有助于诊断皮肤恶性黑素瘤的淋巴转移,为实施区域淋巴清扫提供重要的临床依据。     

cN0舌癌前哨淋巴结定位方法研究

背景与目的：由于没有任何临床检查方法或生化标志能准确的评价临床NO（clinically negative neck,cNO)舌癌颈部淋巴结转移的状况。因而,目前对cNO舌癌的颈部治疗存在一定的盲目性。前哨淋巴结（sentinel node,SN)活检的应用为指导cNO舌癌患者颈部的个体化治疗提供了依据。本研究旨在探讨SN活检能否准确评价cNO舌癌的颈部淋巴结转移状况,寻找舌癌前哨淋巴结定位的最佳方法。方法：使用术前核素扫描法和术中亚甲蓝示踪法对24例cNO舌癌患者进行SN示踪,研究SN活检在评价cNO舌癌颈部淋巴结转移状况中的作用。对比核素扫描法,亚甲蓝示踪法,两法结合示踪法的优缺点。结果：3种方法全组SN检出率均为100%,24例中有4例手术标本发现有颈淋巴结转移（即隐匿性颈淋巴结转移,cNOpN^ ),SN活检对全组病例颈部淋巴结转移状况评价的准确率为100%。无假阴性;平均检出SN数目;核素扫描法3.5枚/例,亚甲蓝示踪法2.7枚/例,两法结合示踪法2.2枚/例。结论：核素扫描法和亚甲蓝示踪法均能有效地对cNO舌癌进行SN定位并准确地评价颈部淋巴结转移状况,两法结合SN示踪法最为准确。并且具有可操作性和实用性。     

cN0喉癌前哨淋巴结的检测及意义

目的 应用核素法、染料法以及二者联合法检测cN0喉癌患者前哨淋巴结(SLN),并评价SLN对颈部淋巴结转移状况的预测价值.方法 41例cN0喉癌患者采用核素法、染料法和联合法示踪SLN.核素法为手术前于喉镜引导下在肿瘤周围注射99TCm-硫胶体(SC)进行SLN显像,手术中用γ探针探测放射性"热点";染料法为手术中注射亚甲蓝,示踪蓝染的SIN;联合法为将核素法和染料法联合应用的方法.结果 核素法、染料法和联合法对SLN的检出率分别为87.8%、70.7%和92.7%(P<0.01);核素法与联合法、染料法与联合法检出SIN数目的 差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01),核素法与染料法检出SLN数目的 差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).病理结果示,有9例患者淋巴结转移,占22.0%.联合法检测SLN的灵敏度、准确度和阴性预测值分别为88.9%、97.4%和96.7%.结论 联合应用核素法和染料法可提高SEN检出的准确性,SLN的病理结果可以准确预测cN0喉癌患者颈部淋巴结的病理状态.     

cN0喉癌前哨淋巴结的检测及意义

目的 应用核素法、染料法以及二者联合法检测cN0喉癌患者前哨淋巴结(SLN),并评价SLN对颈部淋巴结转移状况的预测价值.方法 41例cN0喉癌患者采用核素法、染料法和联合法示踪SLN.核素法为手术前于喉镜引导下在肿瘤周围注射99TCm-硫胶体(SC)进行SLN显像,手术中用γ探针探测放射性"热点";染料法为手术中注射亚甲蓝,示踪蓝染的SIN;联合法为将核素法和染料法联合应用的方法.结果 核素法、染料法和联合法对SLN的检出率分别为87.8%、70.7%和92.7%(P<0.01);核素法与联合法、染料法与联合法检出SIN数目的 差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01),核素法与染料法检出SLN数目的 差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).病理结果示,有9例患者淋巴结转移,占22.0%.联合法检测SLN的灵敏度、准确度和阴性预测值分别为88.9%、97.4%和96.7%.结论 联合应用核素法和染料法可提高SEN检出的准确性,SLN的病理结果可以准确预测cN0喉癌患者颈部淋巴结的病理状态.     

cN0喉癌前哨淋巴结的检测及意义

目的 应用核素法、染料法以及二者联合法检测cN0喉癌患者前哨淋巴结(SLN),并评价SLN对颈部淋巴结转移状况的预测价值.方法 41例cN0喉癌患者采用核素法、染料法和联合法示踪SLN.核素法为手术前于喉镜引导下在肿瘤周围注射99TCm-硫胶体(SC)进行SLN显像,手术中用γ探针探测放射性"热点";染料法为手术中注射亚甲蓝,示踪蓝染的SIN;联合法为将核素法和染料法联合应用的方法.结果 核素法、染料法和联合法对SLN的检出率分别为87.8%、70.7%和92.7%(P<0.01);核素法与联合法、染料法与联合法检出SIN数目的 差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01),核素法与染料法检出SLN数目的 差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).病理结果示,有9例患者淋巴结转移,占22.0%.联合法检测SLN的灵敏度、准确度和阴性预测值分别为88.9%、97.4%和96.7%.结论 联合应用核素法和染料法可提高SEN检出的准确性,SLN的病理结果可以准确预测cN0喉癌患者颈部淋巴结的病理状态.     

cN0喉癌前哨淋巴结的检测及意义

目的 应用核素法、染料法以及二者联合法检测cN0喉癌患者前哨淋巴结(SLN),并评价SLN对颈部淋巴结转移状况的预测价值.方法 41例cN0喉癌患者采用核素法、染料法和联合法示踪SLN.核素法为手术前于喉镜引导下在肿瘤周围注射99TCm-硫胶体(SC)进行SLN显像,手术中用γ探针探测放射性"热点";染料法为手术中注射亚甲蓝,示踪蓝染的SIN;联合法为将核素法和染料法联合应用的方法.结果 核素法、染料法和联合法对SLN的检出率分别为87.8%、70.7%和92.7%(P<0.01);核素法与联合法、染料法与联合法检出SIN数目的 差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01),核素法与染料法检出SLN数目的 差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).病理结果示,有9例患者淋巴结转移,占22.0%.联合法检测SLN的灵敏度、准确度和阴性预测值分别为88.9%、97.4%和96.7%.结论 联合应用核素法和染料法可提高SEN检出的准确性,SLN的病理结果可以准确预测cN0喉癌患者颈部淋巴结的病理状态.     

cN0喉癌前哨淋巴结的检测及意义

目的 应用核素法、染料法以及二者联合法检测cN0喉癌患者前哨淋巴结(SLN),并评价SLN对颈部淋巴结转移状况的预测价值.方法 41例cN0喉癌患者采用核素法、染料法和联合法示踪SLN.核素法为手术前于喉镜引导下在肿瘤周围注射99TCm-硫胶体(SC)进行SLN显像,手术中用γ探针探测放射性"热点";染料法为手术中注射亚甲蓝,示踪蓝染的SIN;联合法为将核素法和染料法联合应用的方法.结果 核素法、染料法和联合法对SLN的检出率分别为87.8%、70.7%和92.7%(P<0.01);核素法与联合法、染料法与联合法检出SIN数目的 差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01),核素法与染料法检出SLN数目的 差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).病理结果示,有9例患者淋巴结转移,占22.0%.联合法检测SLN的灵敏度、准确度和阴性预测值分别为88.9%、97.4%和96.7%.结论 联合应用核素法和染料法可提高SEN检出的准确性,SLN的病理结果可以准确预测cN0喉癌患者颈部淋巴结的病理状态.     

cN0喉癌前哨淋巴结的检测及意义

目的 应用核素法、染料法以及二者联合法检测cN0喉癌患者前哨淋巴结(SLN),并评价SLN对颈部淋巴结转移状况的预测价值.方法 41例cN0喉癌患者采用核素法、染料法和联合法示踪SLN.核素法为手术前于喉镜引导下在肿瘤周围注射99TCm-硫胶体(SC)进行SLN显像,手术中用γ探针探测放射性"热点";染料法为手术中注射亚甲蓝,示踪蓝染的SIN;联合法为将核素法和染料法联合应用的方法.结果 核素法、染料法和联合法对SLN的检出率分别为87.8%、70.7%和92.7%(P<0.01);核素法与联合法、染料法与联合法检出SIN数目的 差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01),核素法与染料法检出SLN数目的 差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).病理结果示,有9例患者淋巴结转移,占22.0%.联合法检测SLN的灵敏度、准确度和阴性预测值分别为88.9%、97.4%和96.7%.结论 联合应用核素法和染料法可提高SEN检出的准确性,SLN的病理结果可以准确预测cN0喉癌患者颈部淋巴结的病理状态.     

Sentinel lymph node biopsy as guidance for central neck dissection in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma

BACKGROUND.

Occult lymph node metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) can be detected by sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy, but studies in larger patient cohorts undergoing complete central neck dissection may be required to assess the diagnostic accuracy of SLN. Therefore, the authors prospectively assessed the usefulness of SLN biopsy for the detection of central lymph node metastasis in patients with differentiated PTC who had no suspicious cervical lymphadenopathy.

METHODS.

After peritumoral injection of methylene blue, SLN biopsy was performed in 50 patients with newly diagnosed PTC who had no palpable or ultrasound (US)‐detected lymph node involvement. After SLN biopsy, all patients underwent total thyroidectomy and central neck dissection. The diagnostic accuracy of intraoperative SLN sampling was calculated by comparison with the final pathologic diagnosis.

RESULTS.

SLNs were identified in 46 of 50 patients (92%); of these, 14 SLNs were positive and 32 SLNs were negative on intraoperative frozen sections. One patient had a positive SLN in the jugular region and subsequently underwent modified radical neck dissection. Final pathologic examination revealed that 18 patients (36%), including 4 who had negative SLNs, had central lymph node metastasis. Thus, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive and negative predictive values of SLN biopsy were 77.8%, 100%, 92%, 100%, and 88.9%, respectively. Temporary and permanent hypocalcemia developed in 19 patients and 1 patient, respectively. There were no direct complications of SLN sampling.

CONCLUSIONS.

SLN biopsy in patients with PTC without gross clinical or US lymph node involvement was able to detect occult metastasis with high accuracy and may have the potential to select patients who require central neck dissection. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.     

The accuracy of head and neck carcinoma sentinel lymph node biopsy in the clinically N0 neck

BACKGROUND: Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy originally was described as a means of identifying lymph node metastases in malignant melanoma and breast carcinoma. The use of SLN biopsy in patients with oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and clinically N0 necks was investigated to determine whether the pathology of the SLN reflected that of the neck. METHODS: Patients undergoing elective neck dissections for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma accessible to injection were enrolled into our study. Sentinel lymph node biopsy was performed after blue dye and radiocolloid injection. Preoperative lymphoscintigraphy and the perioperative use of a gamma probe identified radioactive SLNs; visualization of blue stained lymphatics identified blue SLNs. A neck dissection completed the surgical procedure, and the pathology of the SLN was compared with that of the remaining neck dissection. RESULTS: Sentinel lymph node biopsy was performed on 40 cases with clinically N0 necks. Twenty were pathologically clear of tumor and 20 contained subclinical metastases. SLNs were found in 17 necks with pathologic disease and contained metastases in 16. The sentinel lymph node was the only lymph node containing tumor in 12 of 16. CONCLUSIONS: The SLN, in head and neck carcinomas accessible to injection without anesthesia, is an accurate reflector of the status of the regional lymph nodes, when found in patients with early tumors. Sentinel lymph nodes may be found in clinically unpredictable sites, and SLN biopsy may aid in identifying the clinically N0 patient with early lymph node disease. If SLNs cannot be located in the neck, an elective lymph node dissection should be considered.     

Sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: It remains controversial whether modified radical neck dissection (MRND) for patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma improves prognosis. However, it is highly probable that the incidence of local recurrence is reduced by lymph node dissection. Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy (SLNB) for patients with melanoma and breast carcinoma has been validated as an accurate method for assessing lymph node status. The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of SLNB for the evaluation of cervical lymph node status in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma. METHODS: After injection of methylene blue around the tumor in 22 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma, blue-stained lymph nodes were dissected as SLNs. After the SLNB, all patients also underwent subtotal thyroidectomy and MRND. SLNs and other lymph nodes were investigated with regard to their number, distribution, size, lymph node status, and ratio of metastatic area. RESULTS: There was concordance between the SLN findings and the regional lymph node status in 19 of 21 patients (90.5%; 7 patients had both positive SLN and regional lymph node results, and 12 patients had both negative SLN and regional lymph node results). Two patients had negative SLN results but, in the end, had positive nonsentinel lymph nodes (NSLNs). The overall reliability rate of SLNB was 86.3% (19 of 22 patients). The authors experienced no complications with the use of methylene blue for the detection of SLNs. CONCLUSIONS: SLNB using methylene blue is feasible technically and is safe, and the findings correlate with cervical lymph node status. Therefore, SLNB is a good technique for estimating the status of cervical lymph nodes in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma.     

早期乳腺癌前哨淋巴结示踪和定位的临床研究

背景与目的:目前乳腺癌手术都常规行腋窝淋巴结清扫(axillarylymphnodedissection,ALND)。对早期乳腺癌行ALND能否提高患者的生存率尚有争论,但其带来的并发症却明确。对早期乳腺癌能否用前哨淋巴结活检(sentinellymphnodebiopsy,SLNB)来代替ALND是目前国际研究的热点。本研究旨在探讨用不同的方法示踪和定位行乳腺癌SLNB的可行性及其临床意义,并探索多层切片加免疫组化技术对判断前哨淋巴结(sentinellymphnode,SLN)微转移灶的意义。方法:对121例早期乳腺癌患者行SLN示踪活检,其中美蓝法38例,单纯用美蓝标记;联合法83例,用美蓝和99mTc-SC同时标记。术后将SLN和所有常规ALND的淋巴结作常规病理检查,对阴性的SLN作3层切片加免疫组化检查,以检测淋巴结的微转移灶。结果:美蓝组和联合组活检的成功率分别为81.6%和95.2%;对腋窝淋巴结状况预测的准确率分别为93.5%和97.5%。淋巴结闪烁成像(lymphoscintigraphy,LS)和手持式γ-探头术前定位SLN的成功率分别为23%和92%(P<0.05)。本组194枚常规病理检查阴性的SLN,后经3层切片加免疫组化检查,发现13例21枚(11%)SLN含微转移灶。再用联合法检查对腋窝淋巴结预测的准确率上升为98.7%;假阴性率下降为3.2%。结论:美蓝法和联合法行SLNB均能准确地反映腋窝淋巴结状况,但联合法相对较好。LS对SLNB的意义尚待进一步探讨。多层切片加免疫组化检查能提高SLN微转移灶的发现率。     

Prognostic value of sentinel node in oral cancer

AIMS AND BACKGROUND: In stage I oral squamous cell carcinoma, clinical examination and imaging techniques are unable to identify 60-90% of patients at risk of micrometastasis, while the sentinel node biopsy technique allows to avoid the morbidity of elective neck dissection in patients not actually affected by micrometastases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-one T1-T2N0 patients underwent lymphoscintigraphy after peritumoral injection of human albumin labeled with 99Tc. Focal areas of radiotracer uptake were marked on the skin preoperatively. The sentinel lymph node (SLN) was identified by the combined use of blue dye and gamma probe and subsequently removed. Complete neck dissection was then performed in all patients and the histological findings were compared with those of SLN biopsy. RESULTS: The SLN was identified in 95% of the patients; in four cases (10%) two SLNs were isolated. In 18% of our patients the SLNs were located outside the expected drainage area. When the histology of the negative SLNs was compared with the pathological status of the neck dissection specimens no false negatives were found. Five SLNs in four patients contained micrometastases and were the only positive lymph nodes. CONCLUSIONS: SLN biopsy can be a valuable staging technique in T2 and T2 oral cancer with uninvolved neck in patients whose lymphatic drainage of the neck has not been altered by previous surgery or radiotherapy. It provides reliable detection of micrometastasis, indicating which level(s) should be removed ipsilaterally or contralaterally, and allows the surgeon to accurately plan neck dissection, taking into consideration the pattern of lymphatic drainage of each individual patient. In this way unnecessary neck dissection and its morphofunctional sequelae can be avoided in a considerable number of patients.     

Significance of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy and Immunohistochemistry in Diagnosis and Staging of Stage-cNO Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

OBJECTIVE To assess the significance of sentinel lymph node biopsy （SLNB）, serial section and cytokeratin immunohistochemical staining in the diagnosis and staging of Stage-cNO oral squamous cell carcinoma （OSCC）, METHODS A blue stain, 99mTc-dextran SPECT lymphoscintigrapgy and intraoperative y-ray probes were used to examine the sentinel nodes in 31 cases with Stage-oNO oral cancer, The H＆E staining and a cytokeratin AE1/ AE3 immunohistochemistry （IHC） assessment, with serial sections, were conducted to provide results obtained from a routine pathological examination of lymph nodes, The value of the routine pathological examination of the sentinel lymph node （SLN）, serial sections and IHC determination for cervical lymph node metastasis of Stage-cN0 OSCC was appraised, RESULTS A total of 45, 55 and 51 SLNs were examined in 25 （80%）, 31 （100%） and 30 （96,5%） of the cases, by using the blue stain, y-ray probes, and SPECT lymphoscintigraphy, respectively, The average SLNs found in each case of the groups was 1,4 （1 to 3） and there were 1,302 non-NSLNs, Six positive SLN metastases were detected by routine pathological examination, among which 1 case was found to be an accompanied positive metastasis of non-SLN, One positive SLN metastasis was found after examination of serial sections plus routine H＆E staining and 2 were detected using serial sections plus AE3 immunohistochemical staining methods, No positive NSLNs were found in the study, CONCLUSION In order to make more progress in accurate SLNB diagnosis, serial sections and IHC （AE1/AE3） methods can be used for examination of the micrometastases which are difficult to identify by routine pathological sections and H＆E staining.     

Sentinel lymph node biopsy in papillary thyroid cancer: Comparison study of blue dye method and combined radioisotope and blue dye method in papillary thyroid cancer

Aim

Occult lymph node metastasis is common in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). However, the role of lymph node dissection in the treatment of DTC remains controversial. The authors investigated the usefulness of methylene blue dye only method and combined radioisotope and methylene blue dye method for detecting SLN and compared the values of these two methods in patients with DTC.

Methods

From February to May 2008, 97 patients with DTC underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). The methylene blue dye method (dye only method) was used in 54 of the 97 patients, and radioisotope and methylene blue dye method (combined method) in 43 patients.

Results

The SLNs were identified in 89 patients, and the sensitivity and specificity of SLNB in the 97 patients were 85% and 100% respectively. For the dye only method, sensitivity, specificity, and the false negative rate (FNR) were 79%, 100%, and 21%; and for the combined method (43 patients) the corresponding figures were, 91%, 100%, and 9%, respectively. Six patients with SLN metastasis in the lateral neck underwent additional modified radical neck dissection (MRND).

Conclusions

SLNB was found to be feasible, repeatable, and accurate in evaluating the lymph node status in patient with DTC. The present study indicates that the combined method could reduce false negative rate and increase detection rates of sentinel lymph node metastases, especially in lateral neck, compared to the dye only method.     

核素淋巴显像识别前哨淋巴结在乳腺癌治疗中的应用

目的评价核素淋巴显像和γ探针定位在乳腺癌中确定前哨淋巴结(SLN)的应用价值,验证前哨淋巴结活检替代腋窝淋巴结清除术用于乳腺癌治疗的安全性与价值。方法选择1999年6月至2009年11月本院住院的女性乳腺癌患者206例(体检时腋窝均未扪及肿块),应用99Tcm-DX37～74 MBq或99Tcm-SC74 MBq经皮下注射,行核素淋巴显像后,术中注射专利兰1 ml和(或)术中用γ探针定位并行前哨淋巴结活检,与术中冰冻病理检查结果对照。若术中冰冻发现有前哨淋巴结转移,则行腋窝淋巴结清除术,若前哨淋巴结阴性,则不做腋窝淋巴结清除,术后定期随访。结果 206例乳腺癌术中成功活检SLN204例,成功率为99.0%(204/206)。本组有64例仅行SLN切除,术后病理检查证实64例SLN均阴性,故未行腋窝淋巴结清除,其中仅1例于术后1年时出现腋窝淋巴结转移,其余63例患者在随访期间均未发现腋窝淋巴结转移,也未出现同侧上肢水肿、感觉及活动异常;另140例行腋窝淋巴结清除,其中6例经病理证实SLN阳性但腋窝淋巴结为阴性,134例经病理证实SLN阳性35例,阴性99例,腋窝淋巴结阳性37例,阴性97例。核素淋巴显像和γ探针定位法的灵敏度为94.6%(35/37例),准确率为98.5%(138/140),假阴性为5.4%(2/37)。结论核素淋巴显像和γ探针定位应用于乳腺癌是切实可行和可能的,对预测腋窝淋巴结转移有很大的临床实用价值。如技术方法规范,早期乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检则能取代常规的腋窝淋巴结清除术,乳腺癌手术上肢并发症的发生率可大大降低。