什么是甲型H1N1流感？

甲型H1N1流感病毒（原称人感染猪流感病毒）是一种新的流感病毒。这种新型病毒是美国于2009年4月在人体中首次检出的。截止2009年5月11日，世界卫生组织公布：墨西哥、美国、加拿大等29个国家和地区已经报告实验室确诊甲型H1N1流感病例。此病毒可通过人与人传播，同季节性流感病毒的传染方式非常相似。     

某高校甲型H_1N_1流感疫情分析

甲型H1N1流感（甲流）是甲型H1N1流感病毒引起的急性呼吸道传染病,可通过近距离飞沫和接触传播,临床早期症状与流感类似,重者可以出现呼吸衰竭、多器官损伤,甚至死亡。甲型流感病毒包含有猪流感病毒、禽流感病毒、     

中国疾病预防控制中心破解中国首例甲型H1N1流感基因密码

2009年5月18日,中国疾病预防控制中心（CDC）完成我国首例甲型H1N1流感病毒全基因组测序。①病毒样本来源及命名：病毒分离自我国首例甲型H1N1输入性患者（成都）的咽拭子,     

2017 - 2018年山东省甲型H1N1流感病毒耐药性分析

目的 调查山东省2017 - 2018流感监测年度甲型H1N1流感病毒对神经氨酸酶抑制剂（NAI）的耐药情况,分析其神经氨酸酶（NA）基因特征。方法 选取山东省2017 - 2018流感监测年度分离的20株甲型H1N1流感病毒进行生物学耐药实验,检测病毒对奥司他韦和扎那米韦的药物敏感性。提取病毒核酸后对NA基因进行测序,利用生物信息学软件分析NA基因上与耐药有关的氨基酸位点及其基因变异情况。结果 选取的20株甲型H1N1流感病毒全部对奥司他韦和扎那米韦敏感,对奥司他韦的IC50平均数为0.37 nM（0.15～0.89 nM）,对扎那米韦的IC50平均数为0.28 nM（0.14～0.78 nM）。NA基因测序结果也没有发现导致耐药的突变位点。结论 山东省的甲型H1N1流感病毒对NAI敏感,临床上可继续使用此类药物对流感患者进行治疗。     

亳州市2013年甲型H1N1流感病毒基因分析

目的分析亳州市2013年一所学校流感暴发疫情甲型H1N1流感病毒基因及抗原变异情况。方法从132名具有流感症状的学生当中随机采集10份标本,用Realtime RT-PCR方法鉴定甲型H1N1流感病毒,对阳性标本接种MDCK细胞,分离流感病毒,并对甲型H1N1流感病毒株进行血凝素（HA）作基因测序,分析基因及氨基酸位点变异情况。结果 10份标本中Realtime RT-PCR鉴定有8份为甲型H1N1流感病毒核酸阳性,病毒分离培养6份阳性,并对其进行基因测序,HA基因与疫苗株同源性为98.4%,HA基因氨基酸变异分析显示,有多个位点发生变异。结论此次暴发的甲型H1N1流感病毒的基因组HA序列与我国及其他国家的甲型H1N1流感病毒具有较高的同源性,HA基因氨基酸序列发生变异情况,需密切关注甲型H1N1的流行状况。     

长沙市2009年甲型H1N1流感病毒血凝素基因特性分析

2009年4月21日,美国疾病预防控制中心(CDC)检出2名儿童感染新甲型H1N1流感病毒~[1],该病毒属于正黏病毒科(orthomyxoviridae),甲型流感病毒属(influenza virus A),单股负链RNA病毒,由大小不等的8个独立片段组成,共编码11种蛋白,主要通过飞沫或气溶胶经呼吸道传播,极易造成流行.     

济宁市住院严重急性呼吸道感染病例甲型H1N1流感检测

[目的]掌握住院严重急性呼吸道感染（SARI）病例甲型H1N1流感病毒感染情况,为流感防治工作提供依据。[方法]2009年第48周至2010年第12周,对济宁市县级及以上医疗机构报告的208例住院SARI病例进行调查与流感病原检测。[结果]208例SARI病例中,70.19%有慢性病或为孕产妇,20～49岁占62.12%;流感病毒核酸阳性率为32.69%,其中甲型H1N1流感病毒核酸阳性率为18.27%,季节性H1N1型流感病毒核酸阳性率为0.48%,H3N2型流感病毒核酸阳性率为8.65%,B型流感病毒核酸阳性率为5.29%。208例住院SARI病例病死率为2.88%,其中甲型H1N1流感危重症病例2例死亡。[结论]住院SARI病例甲型H1N1流感病毒感染率较高。     

长沙市甲型H1N1流感病毒神经氨酸酶基因序列分析

目的对长沙市甲型H1N1流感病毒A/changsha/78/2009的神经氨酸酶（neuraminidase,NA）基因进行测序分析,以期了解该病毒的来源及变异情况。方法利用国家流感中心（CNIC）和世界卫生组织（WHO）推荐的NA基因测序引物和CEQTM8000 Genetic Analysis System对2009年长沙市甲型H1N1流感患者阳性鼻咽拭子标本（A/changsha/78/2009）进行测序,测序结果提交至GenBank并利用Lasergene和Mega5软件对测序结果进行氨基酸比对和进化树分析。结果 A/changsha/78/2009 NA基因GenBank登录号为：GQ463958.1,与瑞典斯德哥尔摩甲型H1N1流感病毒分离株A/Stockholm/37/2009（H1N1）核苷酸同源性为100%;进化树分析显示A/changsha/78/2009 NA基因属于欧亚猪流感分支,包含A/changsha/78/2009在内的甲型H1N1流感病毒与A/swine/Spain/WVL6/1991（H1N1）亲缘关系近;A/chang-sha/78/2009与A/swine/Spain/WVL6/1991 NA基因均有7个潜在糖基化位点,A/changsha/78/2009 NA基因未发生H274Y位点突变。结论包含A/changsha/78/2009在内的甲型H1N1流感病毒NA基因可能来源于欧亚猪流感病毒,A/changsha/78/2009病毒对神经氨酸酶抑制剂类药物敏感。     

广州市城区人群甲型H1N1流感病毒感染状况分析

目的分析广州市城区人群甲型H1N1流感病毒感染状况,了解甲型H1N1流感的流行病学特征。方法采用随机抽样的方法,在广州市5大城区采集不同年龄的、没有接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗的人群血清样本。采用血凝抑制试验检测血清中甲型H1N1流感病毒抗体。结果本次共调查1 326人,检出甲型H1N1流感病毒抗体阳性300例,阳性率为22.6%。不同年龄组人群的甲型H1N1流感病毒血清抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,以5~14和15~24岁年龄组的阳性率最高,分别为32.9%（138/420）和31.6%（81/256）。300例甲型H1N1流感病毒血清抗体阳性者中,有96例（占32.0%）没有出现过流感样症状。结论学龄人群和年轻人群是广州市甲型H1N1流感病毒最大的感染群体。在感染人群里,有一定比例的人是没有出现流感样症状的。     

兰州市2009年/AH1N1流感患者恢复期血清抗体水平检测

甲型H1N1流感为急性呼吸道传染病,其病原体是一种新型的流感病毒,在人群中传播。与以往或目前的季节性流感病毒不同,该病毒毒株包含有猪流感、禽流感和人流感三种流感病毒的基因片段[1]。人群对甲型H1N1流感病毒普遍易感,     

H1N1 vaccination

Early results (January to April) from the 2010 Canadian Community Health Survey show that an estimated 41% of Canadians (excluding those in the territories) aged 12 or older had been vaccinated for H1N1 by April 2010. The percentages were higher in the Atlantic provinces, Quebec and Saskatchewan than in Canada overall. Relatively high percentages of females and people aged 45 or older were vaccinated; the percentage of immigrants who had done so was relatively low. Being in a priority group (health-care worker, having children younger than 5 in the household, or having a chronic condition that could increase the risk for complications from H1N1) increased the likelihood of vaccination. A history of seasonal flu vaccination and having a regular doctor were also associated with H1N1 vaccination. Nearly three-quarters of those who had not been vaccinated reported that they did not think it was necessary.     

被动吸烟与cyp1b1、gstp1、sult1a1基因多态性对乳腺癌发病的影响

目的 探讨被动吸烟、cyp1b1、gstp1、sult1a1基因多态性及其联合作用对乳腺癌发病的影响。方法 2014 - 2015年间,采用病例-对照研究方法,收集病例794例,对照805例。问卷调查收集研究对象信息。采用飞行质谱技术,进行cyp1b1、gstp1、sult1a1基因单核苷酸多态性分型检测。采用多因素非条件 logistic 回归,分析环境烟草烟雾暴露及cyp1b1、gstp1、sult1a1基因多态性与乳腺癌发病风险的关系。结果 调整年龄、教育程度、家庭年总收入、职业、婚姻状况后,环境烟草烟雾暴露与gstp1基因多态性未发现协同作用。以环境烟草烟雾低暴露且携带 cyp1b1 rs1056836 C等位基因为参照,环境烟草烟雾高暴露且携带 GG 基因在绝经前女性中乳腺癌风险明显增高（OR = 1.678,95%CI:1.039～2.711）。以环境烟草烟雾组合低暴露且携带sult1a1 rs9282861GG基因型为参照,环境烟草烟雾高暴露且携带A等位基因绝经前乳腺癌风险明显增高（OR = 2.389,95%CI:1.157～4.931）,但交互作用系数无统计学意义。结论 环境烟草烟雾高暴露与cyp1b1 及sult1a1基因对乳腺癌发病风险可能存在协同作用,但尚扩大样本进行验证。     

Echo-AM1-1 encephaloscope]

A new miniature model of the A-mode ultrasonic echoencephaloscope, 0.88 MHz, has been developed and adopted to practical use in neurology. The device contains a detector for amplitude determination of echopulsation and curve (echopulsograms) recording. It is highly sensitive, cost-effective, which enhances the quality of rapid diagnosis of central nervous diseases, including those of vascular genesis, in in- and outpatient settings.     

接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗后患甲型H1N1流感分析

目的 分析接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗后发生甲型H1N1流感感染的病例,探讨发病原因,为进一步提高疫苗预防效果提供参考依据.方法 对接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗后发生甲型H1N1流感感染148例,进行回顾性调查分析.结果 接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗11176例.发生甲型H1N1感染148例,感染率1.32%,其中1～14 d感染81例,感染率0.72%,＞15 d感染67例,感染率0.60%.结论 甲型H1N1流感病毒裂解疫苗是一种安全高效的疫苗,不足之处尚待进一步探讨、完善.     

NF1 gene and neurofibromatosis 1

Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1), also known as von Recklinghausen disease, is an autosomal dominant condition caused by mutations of the NF1 gene, which is located at chromosome 17q11.2. NF1 is believed to be completely penetrant, but substantial variability in expression of features occurs. Diagnosis of NF1 is based on established clinical criteria. The presentation of many of the clinical features is age dependent. The average life expectancy of patients with NF1 is probably reduced by 10-15 years, and malignancy is the most common cause of death. The prevalence of clinically diagnosed NF1 ranges from 1/2,000 to 1/5,000 in most population-based studies. A wide variety of NF1 mutations has been found in patients with NF1, but no frequently recurring mutation has been identified. Most studies have not found an obvious relation between particular NF1 mutations and the resulting clinical manifestations. The variability of the NF1 phenotype, even in individuals with the same NF1 gene mutation, suggests that other factors are involved in determining the clinical manifestations, but the nature of these factors has not yet been determined. Laboratory testing for NF1 mutations is difficult. A protein truncation test is commercially available, but its sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value have not been established. No general, population-based molecular studies of NF1 mutations have been performed. At this time, it appears that the benefits of population-based screening for clinical features of NF1 would not outweigh the costs of screening.     

GSTM1及GSTT1和GSTP1基因多态性对尿中1-羟基芘水平的影响

目的 研究GSTM1、GSTT1和GSTP1基因多态性对多环芳烃接触工人尿中1-羟基芘(1-OHP)水平的影响.方法 分别选取2个炼焦厂共447名多环芳烃职业接触工人(接触组)和某线材厂220名非职业接触工人(对照组)作为研究对象,采用高效液相色谱法测定尿中1-OHP水平,采用线性回归统计模型分析GSTM1和GSTT1缺失型及GSTP1 I105V位点的多态性对不同人群尿中1-OHP水平的修饰作用.结果 接触组工人尿中1-OHP浓度为4.61 μmol/mol Cr,明显高于对照组(0.34μmol/mol Cr),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).接触类别和吸烟分别是影响尿中1-OHP水平的主要因素,在控制各混杂因素的影响后,线性回归分析显示,接触组尿中1-OHP水平和GSTP1 I105V位点多态性有关(单基因分析,P=0.012;多基因分析,P=0.011),对总体样本,单基因模型和多基因模型均显示,尿中1-OHP水平可能和GSTT1缺失型多态有关(P=0.055),多基因交互作用分析显示,GSTT1和GSTP1基因多态对接触组尿中1-OHP水平具有交互作用.结论 谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GSTs)基因的多态性对接触多环芳烃工人尿中1-OHP水平有影响.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the modification of GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms on urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) excretions in workers under different exposure levels. Methods Four hundred and forty-seven occupationally exposed workers from two coking plants and 220 control workers from a wire rod plant were genotyped to analyze the modification of GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms on urinary 1-OHP excretions. Results The urinary 1-OHP concentration in exposed group was much higher than that in control group (4.61 vs 0.34 μmol/mol Cr, P＜0.05). Occupational exposure levels and cigarette smoking were of the dominating factors affecting 1-OHP excretions in urine. After controlling potential confounders, decreased excretion of urinary 1-OHP was associated with GSTP1 I105V AG + GG genotype in coke oven workers (single-gene model, P=0.012; multi-gene model, P=0.011 ) and with GSTT1 null type in the analysis including all subjects (P=0.055 in both single-gene and multi-gene models). GSTT1 and GSTP1 were interacted on the urinary concentrations of 1-OHP. Conclusion Urinary 1-OHP concentrations can be modified by GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms, indicating that these genes are involved in the metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.     

Co-circulation of pandemic 2009 H1N1, classical swine H1N1 and avian-like swine H1N1 influenza viruses in pigs in China

The pandemic A/H1N1 influenza viruses emerged in both Mexico and the United States in March 2009, and were transmitted efficiently in the human population. They were transmitted occasionally from humans to other mammals including pigs, dogs and cats. In this study, we report the isolation and genetic analysis of novel viruses in pigs in China. These viruses were related phylogenetically to the pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza viruses isolated from humans and pigs, which indicates that the pandemic virus is currently circulating in swine populations, and this hypothesis was further supported by serological surveillance of pig sera collected within the same period. Furthermore, we isolated another two H1N1 viruses belonging to the lineages of classical swine H1N1 virus and avian-like swine H1N1 virus, respectively. Multiple genetic lineages of H1N1 viruses are co-circulating in the swine population, which highlights the importance of intensive surveillance for swine influenza in China.