异氟醚吸人分娩镇痛对新生儿神经行为的影响

目的探讨异氟醚用于阴道分娩镇痛对新生儿神经行为的影响。方法75例产妇随机分为异氟醚组、笑气组和对照组,采用新生儿神经适应能力评分(NACS)对新生儿出生后15min,2h及24h进行监测。结果3组新生儿的神经行为状态差异无显著性(P>0.05)。15min,2h及24h的评分相比,3组新生儿均为2h的评分最低。24h评分时,3组分别有92％、89％和90％的新生儿评为高分。结论吸人异氟醚分娩镇痛对新生儿15min、2h及24h的神经行为状态无不良影响。     

异氟醚吸入分娩镇痛效果及对母儿的影响

目的 :探讨异氟醚吸入分娩镇痛的效果及其对母儿的影响。方法 :75例产妇随机分为 3组 ,每组 2 5例 ,于分娩活跃期分别吸入体积分数为 0 2 0 %～ 0 75 %异氟醚 (A组 ) ,体积分数为 30 %～ 5 0 %笑气 (B组 )和空气 (C组 ) ,用视觉模拟 (VAS)评分观察镇痛效果 ,记录各产程时间 ,分娩方式及产后出血量以及胎心率的变化 ,羊水粪染率 ,Apgar评分及脐血血气分析。A、C组分别于用药前及分娩后取母静脉血和脐血测定血清中氟离子浓度 ,及对肝肾功能的影响。结果 :A组疼痛分数明显下降 ,低于B ,C组 (P <0 0 5 ) ;宫缩应激试验 (CST)评分 ,羊水粪染率 ,Apgar评分 ,分娩各产程时间 ,分娩方式及产后出血量 3组比较差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 ) ;3组脐动、静脉血气分析结果均在正常范围 ,组间差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。A组分娩后母血氟离子浓度与用药前及C组比较 ,无明显增高 (P >0 0 5 ) ;脐血氟离子浓度平均为 (4 47± 1 2 1) μmol L ,与C组比较差异无显著性 ,远达不到毒性阈值。分娩后A、C组肝、肾功能均无异常。结论 :吸入异氟醚分娩镇痛效果显著 ,优于吸入笑气镇痛 ,对母体胎儿及新生儿状况无不良影响。     

异氟醚分娩镇痛对产妇血浆及胎盘中cGMP水平的影响

目的 :探讨异氟醚分娩镇痛对产妇血浆及胎盘中环磷酸鸟苷 (cGMP)水平的影响。方法 :将进入分娩活跃期的 5 0例产妇随机分为异氟醚镇痛组 (2 3例 )和对照组 (2 7例 ) ,异氟醚镇痛组间断吸入异氟醚镇痛 ,对照组间断吸入空气 ,用药前后观察 2组母体血压、脉搏及胎心率的变化。采用放射免疫法观察异氟醚镇痛组及对照组产妇母体静脉血浆、脐动脉血浆和胎盘组织中cGMP水平的变化。结果 :异氟醚镇痛组母体血压、脉搏、胎心率、与对照组比较差异均无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。异氟醚镇痛组母体静脉血浆cGMP浓度由用药前的 2 38nmol L增加到用药后的 3 0 8nmol L ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 1)。异氟醚镇痛组脐动脉血浆cGMP水平 3 2 2nmol L及胎盘组织cGMP水平83 6 7pmol g,明显高于对照组 (2 46nmol L和 45 91pmol g) ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 1)。结论 :镇痛浓度的异氟醚可引起母体静脉血浆、脐动脉血浆及胎盘组织中cGMP水平增高。     

钠离子通道在异氟醚预处理诱导的脑保护中的作用

目的　探讨钠离子通道阻断剂利多卡因在异氟醚预处理所诱导的脑保护中的作用 .方法　 4 0只雄性 SD大鼠 ,随机分为 4组 (每组 n=10 ) ,即空白对照组 ;利多卡因对照组 ,每日给予利多卡因 (5 mg· kg- 1 ,ip)连续 5 d;异氟醚处理组 ,每日给予 15 m L· L- 1异氟醚吸入 1h,连续 5 d;利多卡因加异氟醚处理组 ,在每次异氟醚处理之前给予利多卡因 (5 mg·kg- 1 ,ip) ,余处理同异氟醚处理组 .最后一次处理 2 4 h后采用颈内动脉尼龙线线栓法致右大脑中动脉栓塞 (12 0 min)模型 ,观察再灌注后 2 4 h时神经功能损害并取大脑行 TTC染色以测量脑梗死容积 .结果　再灌注 2 4 h时神经功能损害评分及脑梗死容积 ,异氟醚处理组均明显小于其余 3组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,而利多卡因加异氟醚处理组及利多卡因处理组的神经功能学评分及脑梗死容积与空白对照组均无明显差异 (P>0 .0 5 ) .结论　本实验进一步证明了多次吸入异氟醚可诱导产生脑保护作用 .此作用可被利多卡因阻断 ,提示了钠离子通道参与异氟醚对脑的预处理效应的形成机制     

短暂地氟醚预处理对大鼠局灶性脑缺血损伤的保护作用

目的:探讨短暂地氟醚预处理诱导脑缺血耐受的可行性。方法:30只雄性SD大鼠,随机分为三组:对照组动物不接受任何处理;吸氧组动物接受1 h吸氧预处理( 94%氧) ;地氟醚组动物吸入1 h5 .7%的地氟醚预处理。所有动物均采用右侧颈动脉尼龙线栓塞大脑中动脉致局灶性脑缺血1 2 0 min,观察再灌注后2 4 h神经行为学改变及脑梗死容积。结果:直肠温度、p H、PO2 、PCO2 、血压及血糖在预处理期间各组无明显差异。再灌后2 4 h神经行为学评分地氟醚组明显小于吸氧组和对照组( P<0 .0 5 ) ;地氟醚组脑梗死容积明显低于吸氧组和对照组,后两组梗死容积无显著性差异( P>0 .0 5 )。结论:短暂地氟醚预处理可通过诱导短暂局灶性脑缺血耐受而产生脑保护作用     

异氟醚预处理脑保护作用的剂量-效应关系

目的　研究异氟醚预处理脑保护作用的剂量效应关系 .方法　 4 0只雄性 SD大鼠 ,随机分为 4组 :对照组 ,Iso1,Iso2和 Iso3组 (n=10 ) .对照组大鼠每日吸 4 L· min- 1 (970m L· L- 1 O2 ) O2 1h,连续 5 d.Iso1,Iso2和 Iso3组大鼠分别接受浓度为 7.5 ,15 .0和 2 2 .5 m L·L- 1 的异氟醚预处理 (异氟醚和 4 L· min- 1 O2 ) ,每日 1h,连续 5 d.最后 1次处理结束 2 4 h后 ,用右侧颈内动脉尼龙线线栓法制作大脑中动脉阻闭 (middle cerebral artery occlusion,MCAO)模型 .异氟醚预处理效果根据再灌注 2 4 h时的神经损害评分及脑梗死容积判定 .结果　 Iso2和 Iso3组大鼠神经功能障碍及脑梗死容积均与对照组及 Iso1组相比差异显著 (P<0 .0 5 ) .Iso3组大鼠神经功能障碍及脑梗死容积与 Iso2组相比差异显著 (P<0 .0 5 ) .结论　异氟醚预处理需达到一定浓度才能诱导脑缺血耐受 ,并存在一定的剂量效应关系     

0.15%罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼用于硬膜外分娩镇痛

目的研究0.15%罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼采用自控硬膜外镇痛(PCEA)方式进行分娩镇痛的临床效果。方法选择30例足月初产妇,ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级,随机分为两组:镇痛组(n=15)自愿要求硬膜外镇痛的足月初产妇,宫口开2~3 cm时行硬膜外穿刺置管,注入0.15%罗哌卡因与0.25μg/ml舒芬太尼及50μg/ml氟哌利多的混合镇痛液8~10 ml,使镇痛平面控制在T10以下,PCEA基础注药速率为2~4 ml/h,自控镇痛量为2 ml,锁定时间为15 min。对照组(n=15)随机选择同期非镇痛足月初产妇。观察两组产妇疼痛情况、产程、分娩方式、分娩时间及新生儿Apgar评分。结果研究组产妇镇痛有效率达100%,两组产程、新生儿Apgar评分及副作用差异无显著性。结论使用0.15%罗哌卡因复合0.25μg/ml舒芬太尼自控硬膜外镇痛分娩的方法简便、安全,临床效果良好。     

异氟醚控制性降压对颅内动脉瘤夹闭术病人脑血管痉挛的影响

目的　观察颅内动脉瘤夹闭术病人采用异氟醚控制性降压前、后体循环及载瘤动脉血流动力学变化 ,研究异氟醚控制性降压对脑血管痉挛的影响。方法　选择颅内动脉瘤夹闭术病人 30例 ,美国麻醉师协会 (ASA)Ⅰ～Ⅱ级 ,随机分为两组 :异氟醚降压组 (15例 )和异氟醚非降压组 (15例 )。非降压组术中吸入 1肺泡气最低有效浓度 (MAC)异氟醚维持麻醉。降压组行异氟醚控制性降压 ,平均动脉压下降幅度 30 %～ 4 0 % ,夹闭动脉瘤后降低异氟醚吸入浓度 ,终止降压。分别于降压前、降压后 30min、动脉瘤夹闭后即刻、停止降压后 30min(非降压组于相应时间 )测定循环指标变化 ;于切皮前、动脉瘤夹闭后即刻、2h、4h取脑脊液测定S10 0B蛋白含量 ;于动脉瘤暴露后夹闭前后测定载瘤动脉近心端及远心端主要分支血管的血流速度 ;并于术后 1周随访病人 ,记录有无术后神经系统并发症。结果　 (1)异氟醚降压后 30min ,平均动脉压由诱导前的 95mmHg± 12mmHg (1mmHg =0 133kPa)降至 5 9mmHg± 5mmHg,停止降压后 30min血压回升至 75mmHg± 8mmHg。降压后外周血管阻力及心肌收缩速度下降 ,但心率及心输出量均无明显变化。 (2 )降压组在动脉瘤夹闭后 4h脑脊液中S10 0B浓度明显升高 (F =17 4 95 ,P =0 0 0 0 ) ,显著高于未降压组 (t=2 8     

罗哌卡因自控硬膜外阻滞用于分娩镇痛效果观察

目的 :观察病人自控低浓度罗哌卡因硬膜外阻滞在分娩中镇痛的效果及其对母婴、产程的影响。方法 :选择5 2例ASAⅠ -Ⅱ级、单胎头位足月妊娠的初产妇随机分为病人自控镇痛 (PCEA)组 (n =2 6 )和自然分娩对照组 (n =2 6 )。PCEA组在第一产程活跃期开始实施PCEA ,用药 0 .15 %罗哌卡因 +芬太尼 1μg ml,首次输注量 8～ 12ml ,PCEA基础注药速率为 5ml h ,冲击量为 2ml,锁定时间 15min。对PCEA组进行视觉模拟镇痛评分 (VAS)和下肢运动神经阻滞评分 (MBS) ;记录两组的产程时间、分娩方式和新生儿Apgar评分。结果 :两组产妇产程时间、分娩方式和新生儿Apgar评分比较无统计学差异 ;PCEA组用药后 15～ 30min均感到无痛或只感到轻度可耐受的疼痛 ,MBS镇痛前后比较无统计学差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :低浓度罗哌卡因PCEA行分娩镇痛效果确切 ,对运动神经阻滞轻 ,不影响产程及新生儿。     

异氟醚吸入分娩镇痛对胎盘血流的影响(英文)

目的 :探讨异氟醚分娩镇痛对胎盘血流的影响。方法 :应用多普勒超声技术 ,对分娩活跃期异氟醚分娩镇痛观察组和对照组共 5 0例初产妇的子宫动脉和脐动脉血流速度指数用超声多普勒进行检测 ,并在胎儿娩出时取脐静脉血进行血气分析。结果 :实验前后 ,两组子宫动脉平均S D比值 ,脐动脉平均S D比值 ,差异无显著性 (P>0 .0 5 ) ;实验后两组间差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。脐静脉血气分析均在正常范围 ,两组比较差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :异氟醚分娩镇痛对胎盘血流未发现不良影响。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.