米非司酮用于足月孕鼠引产时孕鼠及胎鼠器官的病理学观察及形态定量分析

目的：探讨米非怀于足月孕鼠引产对胎鼠及孕鼠的安全性影响。方法 妊娠大鼠27只，随机分成3组，妊娠第18天分别给予不同剂量的米非司酮（0、1．6mg/kg,10mg/kg) ，48小时后取重要脏器行组织学观察。结果 胎鼠的心、肺、肝、肾、大脑和孕鼠的心、肺、肝、肾、脾的镜检与图像分析结果，除图像分析显示大剂量组肾小球面积较对照组增大外，其余未发现统计学差异。结论 在选用的剂量范围和实验条件下，米非司酮用 于足月孕鼠引产对胎仔是安全的。孕鼠大剂量组肾小球面积增大值得重视，米非司酮剂量选择应以促熟效果的最低剂量为适宜。     

米非司酮配伍利凡诺用于中期妊娠引产的临床观察

目的 观察米非司酮配伍利凡诺用于中期妊娠引产的效果.方法 选择本院妇产科2000～2005年孕16～26周终止妊娠的孕妇100例为对照组,单纯用利凡诺100 mg羊膜腔内注射引产;选择2006～2011年妊娠1026周终止妊娠的孕妇100例为观察组,口服米非司酮150mg配伍利凡诺100 mg羊膜腔内注射引产.观察两组从给药到宫缩发动时间及引产成功时间、组织残留、出血量等指标.结果 观察组宫缩开始时间较对照组提前、引产成功时间较对照组少、组织残留、出血量较对照组少,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 米非司酮配伍利凡诺用于中期妊娠引产效果较单纯使用利凡诺引产效果好,值得推广应用.     

米非司酮用于中期妊娠引产60例

目的 观察米非司酮用于中期妊娠引产的效果.方法 选择孕16～24周自愿要求终止妊娠的患者120例,随机均分为两组.观察组60例口服米非司酮75 mg,24 h后再服75 mg,同时经腹向羊膜腔内注入利凡诺100 mg;对照组60例直接经腹向羊膜腔内注入利凡诺100mg.结果 两组引产成功率均为100%,但观察组引产时间、产程及疼痛程度均比对照组明显缩短(P＜0.05).结论 米非司酮用于中期妊娠引产可缩短引产时间及产程,减轻疼痛程度.     

不同剂量米非司酮与米索前列醇配伍对妊娠引产效果的观察

目的探索合适的米非司酮剂量与米索前列醇配伍对终止妊娠的引产效果。方法选择自愿要求终止妊娠的健康孕妇180例，孕周16～24周，随机分为：米非司酮A组（米非司酮225mg加米索前列醇）、米非司酮B组（米非司酮150mg加米索前列醇）、依沙吖啶组，观察每组引产成功率、一次引产成功率、规律宫缩出现时间、胎儿娩出后2h内出血量、宫颈裂伤率。结果米非司酮A组一次引产成功率高于米非司酮B组和依沙吖啶组（P〈0．01），规律宫缩出现时间小于米非司酮B组和依沙吖啶组（P〈0．01）；胎儿娩出后2h内出血量，米非司酮A组和米非司酮B组均少于依沙吖啶组（P〈0．01）；宫颈裂伤，米非司酮A组与米非司酮B组均未发生，依沙吖啶组发生2例。结论米非司酮225mg配伍米索前列醇用于终止16～24周的妊娠，一次引产成功率及完全流产率高，引产时间短，出血少。     

利凡诺配伍米非司酮终止疤痕子宫中期妊娠61例分析

目的探讨利凡诺配伍米非司酮终止疤痕子宫中期妊娠的疗效和安全性。方法61例疤痕子宫中期妊娠（停经16-28周）为观察组,患者引产第一天口服米非司酮100mg,服药第二天羊膜腔注射利凡诺100mg。对照组为正常子宫中期妊娠单用利凡诺同剂量引产。结果观察组引产成功率高,胎儿,胎盘排出时间短,出血量少。结论利凡诺配伍米非司酮终止疤痕子宫中期妊娠安全有效。     

中期妊娠合并胎盘前置引产的安全性研究

目的 观察不同剂量米非司酮配伍依沙丫啶、单纯使用依沙丫啶的引产效果,以获得最优的前置胎盘中期妊娠引产模式。方法 选择33例中期妊娠合并胎盘前置拟行中期妊娠引产的患者,随机分为4组,即米非司酮100 mg组(A组)、米非司酮150 mg组(B组)、米非司酮200 mg组(C组),对照组口服维生素C(D组),各组均在开始口服药物48 h后行利凡诺羊膜腔内注射。对比各组总产程、阴道流血量、胎盘胎膜残留率及钳夹清宫率。结果 随着米非司酮剂量的增加,总产程、阴道流血量逐渐缩短,胎盘胎膜残留率有下降趋势,钳夹清宫率明显降低。结论 米非司酮配伍利凡诺用于前置胎盘中孕引产的效果明显优于单用利凡诺,且随着米非司酮剂量的增加,引产效果越好。     

米非司酮配伍米索前列醇用于中期引产80例的观察

国内应用米非司酮配伍米索前列醇用于终止49天之内妊娠及足月妊娠引产临床报告较多,而用于中期引产国内报告不多。为进一步探讨米非司酮配伍米索前列醇应用于中期引产与传统的利凡诺羊膜腔内注射引产效果的比较,现将其结果报告如下: 1 资料与方法 1.1 一般资料 我科于1996年5月至1998年5月对160例要求终止妊娠患者随机分为观察组和对照组各80例,观察组孕周     

米非司酮配伍利凡诺用于中期妊娠引产的疗效观察

目的观察米非司酮配伍利凡诺用于中期妊娠引产的效果及安全性,能否在基层医院推广使用。方法选择来我院因计划外怀孕、要求终止妊娠无引产禁忌证的孕妇80例,随机分为两组,观察组40例,在第1次口服米非司酮1h内利凡诺100mg羊膜腔内注射,米非司酮50mg/次,1次/12h,连服3次(总剂量150mg)。对照组40例,单用利凡诺100mg羊膜腔内注射,观察两组宫腔注药至分娩的时间、总产程、产后出血、胎盘胎膜情况、产伤及引产成功情况。结果两组注药至分娩的时间、总产程、产后出血、胎盘胎膜情况、软产道损伤及清宫率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论米非司酮配伍利凡诺用于中期妊娠引产具有产程短、并发症低、清宫率低的优点,能减轻患者痛苦,且方法简单,可以在基层医院推广使用。     

不同剂量米非司酮配合米索前列醇中期妊娠引产效果观察

目的:观察不同剂量米非司酮联合米索前列醇用于中期妊娠引产的临床效果。方法:分别采用不同剂量的米非司酮联合米索前列醇进行中期妊娠引产,比较两种方法的疗效。结果:大剂量组宫缩规律至引产结束时间、总引产时间、出血量及清宫率均明显低于小剂量组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:大剂量米非司酮联合米索前列醇用于中期妊娠引产时间短,安全性高,不良反应少。     

利凡诺配伍米非司酮终止疤痕子宫中期妊娠56例

目的 观察利凡诺配伍米非司酮终止疤痕子宫中期妊娠的疗效及安全性。方法 56例疤痕子宫中期妊娠设为观察组。患者在用利凡诺80～100mg宫腔灌注或羊膜腔注药同时,加服米非司酮50mg,8～12h 1次。时照组为50例正常子宫中期妊娠引产,单用利凡诺,方法、剂量同观察组。结果 观察组用药后宫颈成熟明显．胎儿、胎盘排出时间明显短于时照组,引产成功率100％,无并发症发生。结论 利凡诺配伍米非司酮用于疤痕子宫引产安全有效。     

米非司酮对晚孕引产新生鼠脑组织的影响

目的　探讨了米非司酮引产对新生鼠脑组织超微结构的影响。方法　将 10只孕鼠随机分为实验组和对照组 ,每组各 5只。孕 2 0 d给实验组母鼠灌服米非司酮 (12± 1) m g加麻油 1m L 引产 ,对照组母鼠灌服麻油 1m L。产后 2 4h内随机取新生鼠每窝 1只 ,取右侧大脑顶叶皮质组织进行电镜观察及体视学分析。结果　与对照组相比实验组新生鼠脑组织可见 :1神经细胞肿胀、坏死 ;2神经毡肿胀 ,局部结构破坏 ;3突触连接减少 ;4对照组神经元线粒体数密度大于实验组 ,平均体积小于实验组 ,体积密度两组无明显差异。结论　可见米非司酮可造成新生鼠脑组织缺血缺氧性损害     

Evaluation of the potential teratogenicity of FD & C Blue No. 2 in rats and rabbits

Charles River CD rats (20 pregnant rats/group) received by gavage on days 6-15 of gestation 0.5% Methocel (controls, A, B and C), retinoic acid at 7.5 mg/kg/day or FD & C Blue No. 2 in doses of 25, 75 or 250 mg/kg/day. Pregnant Dutch belted rabbits (ten pregnant does/group) received by gavage on days 6-18 of gestation 0.5% Methocel (controls A, B and C), thalidomide at 150 mg/kg/day or FD & C Blue No. 2 in doses of 25, 75 or 250 mg/kg/day. All animals were observed twice daily during gestation for signs of toxicity. The animals were killed 1 day before term and appropriate maternal and foetal parameters were evaluated. There were no consistent, significant compound-related adverse effects on any of these parameters. Foetal malformations occurred in both positive control groups. Under the conditions of this study, FD & C Blue No. 2 did not exert any teratogenicity or other developmental toxicity in either rats or rabbits.     

米非司酮配合乳酸依沙吖啶应用于中孕引产的临床观察

目的 探讨米非司酮配合乳酸依沙吖啶应用于中孕引产的安全性和有效性.方法 将中期妊娠要求引产的健康孕妇分成两组,对照组：羊膜腔内注射乳酸依沙吖啶100 mg;试验组：加米非司酮片150 mg口服.结果 米非司酮配合乳酸依沙吖啶引产的孕妇引产开始至胎儿胎盘娩出时间明显缩短,产时出血量减少,清宫率降低.结论 二者配伍用药效果显著,减轻产妇疼痛的时间,是一种使用方便、安全、有效、价格便宜的引产方法.     

米非司酮联合依沙吖啶用于瘢痕子宫中孕引产的临床研究

目的探究米非司酮、依沙吖啶联合使用于瘢痕子宫中期妊娠引产中的临床疗效和安全性。方法将我院2010年5月～12月接收的150例引产妇随机分为对照组、观察组,每组75例。对照组孕妇单独使用依沙吖啶;观察组则联合使用米非司酮+依沙吖啶;通过观察对比两组孕妇的产程发动时间、产程、产后出血量、引产成功率和产道损伤程度等指标来分析米非司酮联合依沙吖啶在瘢痕子宫中孕引产中的临床疗效。结果观察组孕妇接受米非司酮+依沙吖啶联合使用后,孕妇的宫缩开始时间、出血量、产程和清宫率与对照组孕妇比较均显著下降,且二者差异显著,P<0.05;对照组产道受损的发生率为9.3%,明显高于观察组,且P<0.05;观察组的引产成功率为100%,较高于对照组(93.3%),但二者差异不显著,不具统计学意义。结论米非司酮、依沙吖啶在瘢痕子宫中期妊娠引产中的联合使用具安全性高、产程短、出血量少、产道损伤小等优点,作为一种科学、、有效的引产方法值得在临床上广泛使用。     

利凡诺联合米非司酮用于瘢痕子宫中孕引产98例

目的探讨用利凡诺配伍米非司酮终止瘢痕子宫中期妊娠的效果。方法选择妊娠12~28周要求引产的瘢痕子宫孕妇98例行羊膜腔内利凡诺注射引产术,同时空腹顿服米非司酮200mg。结果 98例瘢痕子宫孕妇72h内全部经阴道分娩,获得成功。结论用利凡诺配伍米非司酮是瘢痕子宫中期妊娠引产安全而有效的方法。     

Teratological evaluations of atrazine technical, a triazine herbicide, in rats and rabbits

Atrazine technical was evaluated for its embryotoxic, fetotoxic, and teratogenic potential in both rats and rabbits. The compound was orally administered at doses of 0, 10, 70, or 700 mg/kg.d to groups of rats on gestational d 6-15, while rabbits were administered doses of 0, 1, 5, or 75 mg/kg.d on gestational d 7-19. Maternal toxicity was observed at doses greater than or equal to 70 mg/kg.d in rats and at doses greater than or equal to 5 mg/kg.d in rabbits. Minor fetal effects, concurrent with maternal toxicity, were observed in rats at doses greater than or equal to 70 mg/kg.d. Among rabbits, fetal effects concurrent with severe maternal toxicity were only observed at the 75 mg/kg.d dose level. There were no adverse maternal or fetal effects in either rats or rabbits at the low dose levels. These findings indicated that pregnant rabbits were more sensitive than pregnant rats to the effects produced by atrazine technical and the compound was not teratogenic at maternally toxic dose levels in either species.     

米非司酮配伍卡前列甲酯栓用于中期引产的临床观察

目的探讨米非司酮配伍卡前列甲酯栓(卡孕栓)终止中期妊娠(孕13～24周)的临床疗效。方法将116例要求终止妊娠的中期妊娠孕妇随机分为观察组和对照组各58例。观察组予以米非司酮配伍卡孕栓引产,对照组予以乳酸依沙吖啶注射液引产。对2组引产效果及引产情况进行比较。结果观察组完全流产率为84.48%,高于对照组的72.41%;总产程短于对照组,产时及产后2h出血量少于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组用药引产时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论米非司酮配伍卡孕栓是一种方便、经济、安全、有效的引产方法,值得临床推广应用。     

Developmental toxicity of di-isodecyl and di-isononyl phthalates in rats

The developmental toxicity of di-isodecyl phthalate (DIDP; CAS RN 68515-49-1) and di-isononyl phthalate (DINP; CAS RN 68515-48-0) were investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats. DIDP and DINP were administered by gavage to mated rats at doses of 0, 100, 500, and 1000 mg/kg/d on Gestation Days (GD) 6 through 15. Cesarean sections were performed on GD 21 and the fetuses removed for evaluation. Maternal weight gain and food consumption were significantly reduced at 1000 mg/kg/d during the exposure period. No treatment-related effects were noted at cesarean section, nor were there any fetal morphologic observations except for an increased frequency of seventh cervical and rudimentary lumbar ribs at the maternally toxic exposure level of 1000 mg/kg/d. Under these study conditions, mild maternal and developmental effects were observed at 1000 mg/kg/d. Both maternal and developmental NOAELs were therefore established at 500 mg/kg/d. The results indicate that neither DIDP nor DINP is teratogenic or a selective developmental toxicant.     

米非司酮配伍依沙吖啶在中期妊娠引产术中的临床观察

目的：探讨米非司酮配伍依沙吖啶在妊娠14～26周引产术中的临床效果、用药的安全性。方法：将观察期内198例自愿要求终止妊娠的14～26周育龄妊娠妇女,随机分成观察组和对照组各99例。观察组在羊膜腔内注射依沙吖啶100mg,同时口服米非司酮50mg,对照组仅在羊膜腔内注射依沙吖啶100mg。结果：观察组在用药至宫缩时间、引产成功率比较,两者比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。胎儿娩出时间、产后出血量、妊娠产物残留、清宫过程均优于对照组,两者差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：米非司酮配伍乳酸依沙吖啶用于妊娠14～26周引产,成功率高、感染率低,可减少妊娠残留物及产后出血,缩短引产过程,方法简便、安全有效。     

Reproductive toxicity of exemestane, an antitumoral aromatase inactivator, in rats and rabbits

Exemestane is an orally active, irreversible inactivator of aromatase, structurally related to the natural substrate androstenedione, in clinical use at 25 mg daily for the treatment of advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The reproductive and developmental toxicity of exemestane was assessed in rats and rabbits with oral administration. Pivotal experiments included a fertility study (Segment I), in which female rats received exemestane doses of 4, 20, or 100 mg/kg/day from two weeks premating until GD 20 (cesarean-sectioned dams), or until GD 15 and then from D 1 to D 21 postpartum (dams allowed to deliver), and developmental toxicity studies (Segment II), in which rats and rabbits were treated from GD 6 through GD 17 (rats) or GD 18 (rabbits) at doses of 10, 50, 250, or 810 mg/kg/day and 30, 90, or 270 mg/kg/day, respectively. All rabbits and two-thirds of the rats were cesarean sectioned toward the end of pregnancy to determine litter parameters and examine structural abnormalities in the fetuses; the remaining one-third of the rats was allowed to litter and rear pups to weaning. No pivotal male fertility or peri- and postnatal studies were performed, taking into consideration the therapeutic use. Postnatal effects on the first generation offspring were assessed in both studies in rats, in the portion of dams allowed to deliver. Their F1 offspring were raised to adulthood, when they were evaluated for reproductive performance, and the F1 females were terminated on GD 20. The dosing schedule for the Segment I study in rats, which included a postnatal component, was established to exclude exposure before and during parturition (by withdrawing treatment from GD 16 until the end of parturition). This withdrawal of treatment was put in place because in a preliminary study with treatment including the peripartum period, doses from 5 to 200 mg/kg/day prolonged gestation and interfered with parturition.Overall, studies in rats showed that female fertility was not affected up to 100 mg/kg/day, but doses higher than 4 mg/kg/day, which is approximately the pharmacologically active dose (ED50 = 3.7 mg/kg), prolonged gestation and impaired parturition, leading to maternal deaths in labor and perinatal deaths of offspring. Rats killed on GD 20 showed nondose-related increases in resorptions at doses higher than 10 mg/kg/day, a reduction in fetal body weights at 20 and 100 mg/kg/day (fertility study) and 810 mg/kg/day (developmental toxicity study), and an increase in placental weights at all doses. Female fetuses exposed in utero until GD 20 at 100 mg/kg/day showed an increase in the anogenital distance, very likely related to an increase of the potent androgen DHT as a consequence of aromatase inhibition. Morphologic examinations in fetuses and born pups that were exposed in utero up to the end of the organogenesis period, as well as postnatal investigations on offspring up to adulthood, showed no treatment-related effects. In a developmental toxicity study in rabbits, treatment at 270 mg/kg/day affected maternal food intake and body weight gain, caused abortion or total resorption in about 30% of pregnant females, and reduced body weight and numbers of live fetuses, but did not affect fetal morphology. It was concluded that exemestane did not affect parturition in rats at 4 mg/kg/day or pregnancy in rabbits at 90 mg/kg/day (about 1.5 and 70 times the human dose, respectively, on a mg/m2 basis) and was not teratogenic in rats and rabbits.Exemestane is marketed for use only in postmenopausal women. Its labeling includes a contraindication to use in pregnant or lactating women.