伊贝沙坦合并前列腺素E1治疗高血压病早期肾损害

目的探讨伊贝沙坦合用前列腺素E1对高血压病早期肾损害的作用.方法43例早期高血压病肾损害患者随机分为实验组(n=22)和对照组(n=21),先予以伊贝沙坦150 mg/d,治疗60 d后,实验组加用前列腺素E115 d.两组均在治疗前、治疗后60 d、治疗后75 d分别测定血清肌酐、24 h尿肌酐、24 h尿蛋白定量、晨尿查尿微量白蛋白和尿β2-微球蛋白、N-乙酰-β-D氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)并计算肌酐清除率(CCr).结果两组治疗60 d后治疗前与治疗后相比肌酐清除率增加,24 h尿蛋白定量、尿微量白蛋白、β2微球蛋白均明显下降(P＜0.05).而实验组尿β2微球蛋白、尿N-乙酰-β-D氨基葡萄糖苷酶在疗程结束后较治疗前和对照组均明显降低(P＜0.05).结论伊贝沙坦合前列腺素E1对高血压病早期肾损害有保护作用,优于单一应用伊贝沙坦.     

伊贝沙坦合用前列腺素E1治疗高血压病早期肾损害

目的探讨伊贝沙坦合用前列腺素E1对高血压病早期肾损害的作用.方法43例早期高血压病肾损害患者随机分为实验组(n=22)和对照组(n=21),先予以伊贝沙坦150mg/d,治疗60d后,实验组加用前列腺素E115 d.两组均在治疗前、治疗后60d、治疗后75d分别测定血清肌酐、24h肌酐、24h尿蛋白定量、晨尿查尿微量白蛋白和尿β2-微球蛋白、N-乙酰-β-D氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)并计算肌酐清除率(CCr).结果两组治疗60d后肌酐清除率、24h尿蛋白定量、尿微量白蛋白治疗前与治疗后相比均明显下降(P＜0.05).而实验组尿β2微球蛋白、尿N-乙酰-β-D氨基葡萄糖苷酶在疗程结束后较治疗前和对照组均明显降低(P＜0.05).结论伊贝沙坦合前列腺素E1对高血压病早期肾损害有保护作用,优于单一用伊贝沙坦.     

缬沙坦联合阿托伐汀对高血压肾病患者肾功能的保护作用

目的观察缬沙坦联合阿托伐汀对高血压患者肾损害的保护作用。方法高血压肾损害60例。随机分为缬沙坦组和缬沙坦加阿托伐汀组各30例，除给予常规的抗高血压治疗外，缬沙坦组给予缬沙坦80mg／d，缬沙坦加阿托伐汀组在给予缬沙坦80mg／d的基础上加用阿托伐汀10mg／d。测定治疗前和治疗后150d肱动脉血压、血脂、肝功能、血肌酐、24h尿蛋白定量、尿微量白蛋白、β2微球蛋白和N-乙酰-β-D氨基葡萄糖酐酶。结果缬沙坦组和缬沙坦加阿托伐汀组治疗前和治疗后血压差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。缬沙坦加阿托伐汀组治疗后的总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白较缬沙坦组有明显下降（P〈0．05），但总胆固醇和甘油三酯仅有轻微下降，而高密度脂蛋白仅有轻微上升，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；两组治疗前后血肌酐、24h尿蛋白定量、尿微量白蛋白、β2微球蛋白和N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖酐酶均降低，但缬沙坦加阿托伐汀组降低更加显著（P〈0．05）。结论单独使用缬沙坦或加用阿托伐汀均可有效缓解高血压患者的肾损害，联合用药有更好的肾保护作用。     

缬沙坦联合阿托伐汀对高血压肾病患者肾功能的保护作用

目的观察缬沙坦联合阿托伐汀对高血压患者肾损害的保护作用。方法高血压肾损害60例。随机分为缬沙坦组和缬沙坦加阿托伐汀组各30例，除给予常规的抗高血压治疗外，缬沙坦组给予缬沙坦80mg／d，缬沙坦加阿托伐汀组在给予缬沙坦80mg／d的基础上加用阿托伐汀10mg／d。测定治疗前和治疗后150d肱动脉血压、血脂、肝功能、血肌酐、24h尿蛋白定量、尿微量白蛋白、β2微球蛋白和N-乙酰-β-D氨基葡萄糖酐酶。结果缬沙坦组和缬沙坦加阿托伐汀组治疗前和治疗后血压差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。缬沙坦加阿托伐汀组治疗后的总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白较缬沙坦组有明显下降（P〈0．05），但总胆固醇和甘油三酯仅有轻微下降，而高密度脂蛋白仅有轻微上升，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；两组治疗前后血肌酐、24h尿蛋白定量、尿微量白蛋白、β2微球蛋白和N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖酐酶均降低，但缬沙坦加阿托伐汀组降低更加显著（P〈0．05）。结论单独使用缬沙坦或加用阿托伐汀均可有效缓解高血压患者的肾损害，联合用药有更好的肾保护作用。     

高血压早期肾损害相关检测指标

高血压肾损害早期,血清尿素氮（BUN）和肌酐（Cr）并不升高,因此不能在早期反映肾脏损害情况,通过检测某些敏感指标早期发现肾损害对高血压肾损害的治疗和预后的判断有重要的意义。尿微量白蛋白、尿β2-微球蛋白、N-乙酰β-氨基葡萄糖苷酶、视黄醇结合蛋白、尿α1-微球蛋白、尿转铁蛋白、尿β2-微球蛋白可以作为高血压早期肾损害诊断的敏感指标。     

伊贝沙坦对原发性高血压早期肾损害的影响

目的评价伊贝沙坦对原发性高血压患者早期肾功能损害的有效性和安全性.方法 76例经血、尿β2微球蛋白(β2-MG)检测证实具有早期肾功能损害的轻、中度高血压患者作为治疗组,其中50例为伊贝沙坦组,给予伊贝沙坦150～300 mg/d口服,26例为依那普利组,给予依那普利5～10 mg/d口服,观察12月,治疗前后检测血压和血、尿β2微球蛋白、超声多普勒了解肾血流量及肾血管重构情况;另外,选择同期检查的健康志愿者38例作为对照组.结果高血压早期肾损害患者血、尿β2微球蛋白明显增加;肾血流阻力指数(RI)、肾搏动指数(PI)、平均流速(Vm)与正常人有明显差异;伊贝沙坦组治疗后与治疗前比较收缩压、舒张压均明显下降(P<0.01);血清β2-微球蛋白从(3.7±0.7)mg/L降到(2.4±0.3)mg/L(P<0.01),尿β2-微球蛋白从(561±71)μg/L降到(148±6)μg/L(P<0.01);RI、PI、Vm较治疗前明显改善;治疗后肾血管管壁厚度及肾动脉内径与治疗前有显著性差异;与依那普利组比较伊贝沙坦组治疗后RI、PI、Vm也有显著性差异.结论伊贝沙坦在有效降压的同时,能改善肾血流量和肾血管重构,降低血、尿β2-微球蛋白,对高血压患者早期肾功能损害有一定保护作用,其效果优于依那普利.     

伊贝沙坦对原发性高血压早期肾损害的影响

目的评价伊贝沙坦对原发性高血压患者早期肾功能损害的有效性和安全性。方法76例经血、尿β2微球蛋白(β2MG)检测证实具有早期肾功能损害的轻、中度高血压患者作为治疗组,其中50例为伊贝沙坦组,给予伊贝沙坦150～300mg/d口服,26例为依那普利组,给予依那普利5～10mg/d口服,观察12月,治疗前后检测血压和血、尿β2微球蛋白、超声多普勒了解肾血流量及肾血管重构情况;另外,选择同期检查的健康志愿者38例作为对照组。结果高血压早期肾损害患者血、尿β2微球蛋白明显增加;肾血流阻力指数(RI)、肾搏动指数(PI)、平均流速(Vm)与正常人有明显差异;伊贝沙坦组治疗后与治疗前比较收缩压、舒张压均明显下降(P<001);血清β2微球蛋白从(37±07)mg/L降到(24±03)mg/L(P<001),尿β2微球蛋白从(561±71)μg/L降到(148±6)μg/L(P<001);RI、PI、Vm较治疗前明显改善;治疗后肾血管管壁厚度及肾动脉内径与治疗前有显著性差异;与依那普利组比较伊贝沙坦组治疗后RI、PI、Vm也有显著性差异。结论伊贝沙坦在有效降压的同时,能改善肾血流量和肾血管重构,降低血、尿β2微球蛋白,对高血压患者早期肾功能损害有一定保护作用,其效果优于依那普利。     

阿托伐他汀对高血压患者早期肾损害的影响

将90例高血压早期肾损害患者随机分为两组,对照组采用常规治疗,观察组在此基础上加用阿托伐他汀.治疗前、治疗后3个月检测并比较两组的血脂、尿微量白蛋白(MAU)、β2微球蛋白(β2-MG)、N-乙酰-β-D氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)水平.结果两组治疗后尿MAU、β2-MG、NAG均下降(P<0.05),但观察组下降幅度大于对照组(P<0.05).提示阿托伐他汀对高血压早期肾损害患者具有肾保护作用.     

降低血浆内皮素1对高血压病患者早期肾损害的影响

为观察普罗布考降低血浆内皮素 1对高血压病患者早期肾损害的影响 ,将 12 0例高血压病患者随机分为高血压对照组和抗氧化治疗组 ,分别予长效心痛定、长效心痛定加普罗布考治疗 12周。另设正常对照组。比较治疗前后血脂、内皮素 1、血、尿 β2 微球蛋白及尿微量白蛋白的变化。结果发现 ,高血压病患者存在内皮功能和早期肾功能损害 ;降压治疗后 ,内皮素 1、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、血、尿 β2 微球蛋白及尿微量白蛋白明显下降 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;而抗氧化治疗组上述指标下降更明显 (P <0 .0 1)。抗氧化治疗较单纯降压治疗更能改善血管内皮功能 ,逆转高血压病患者的早期肾损害 ,提示内皮功能损害可能参与了高血压病患者的肾损害。     

中西医结合治疗高血压肾损害的临床研究

目的 运用中医益气固精,活血补肾法结合西药氯沙坦治疗高血压病肾损害患者,观察血压及相关实验室指标并加以评估分析.方法 收集60例高血压病肾损害患者,随机分为中西医结合组(治疗组)30例和西药组(对照组)30例,观察血压、肌酐、尿素氮、尿酸、血及尿β2-微球蛋白、尿微量白蛋白的变化,并作相关统计分析.结果 两组治疗后血压均较治疗前显著降低(P<0.05).两组时血及尿β2-微球蛋白、尿微量白蛋白均有显著改善(P<0.05),且治疗组血及尿β2-微球蛋白、尿微量白蛋白分别为(3.163±0.646)mg/L、(0.281±0.950)mg/L、(53.30±20.24)mg/L改善均优于对照组(P<0.05).结论 中西医结合治疗对高压病肾损害患者血及尿β2-微球蛋白、尿微量白蛋白有明显改善.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.