感觉神经定量检测仪对糖尿病患者检测的临床意义初步观察

目的探讨血脂异常与糖尿病周围神经病变(DPN)的相关性。方法将201例患者按照是否合并血脂异常分为单纯T2DM组68例、T2DM合并血脂异常组66例、单纯血脂异常组32例和健康对照(NC)组35名,采用感觉神经定量检测仪测定各组正中、腓肠神经于2000、250、5Hz的电流感觉阈值(CPT),检测相关生化指标。结果 T2DM合并血脂异常组较单纯T2DM组CPT升高(P0.05),5Hz时CPT升高最显著(P0.01)。单纯T2DM组和单纯血脂异常组双侧正中、腓肠神经比较差异无统计学意义。单纯血脂异常组双侧正中、腓肠神经CPT较NC组升高(P0.05或P0.01)。结论血脂异常与高糖毒性是DPN的两个等位危险因素,高糖合并血脂异常可加快DPN发生发展。     

彩色多普勒超声对糖尿病下肢动脉病变的诊断分析

目的分析彩色多普勒超声诊断糖尿病(DM)下肢动脉病变的应用价值。方法选取该院2017年2月-2019年2月收治的2型DM患者50例(设为DM组),同期收治的非DM患者46例(为非DM组),应用彩色多普勒超声检测动脉内径(D)、收缩期峰值流速(PSV)和血流量(BFV),对比两组股总动脉、腘动脉、足背动脉的彩色多普勒超声参数。结果与非DM组相比,DM组足背动脉D、BFV较低,腘动脉、足背动脉PSV较高,对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与非DM组相比,DM组足背动脉与股总动脉、腘动脉BFV比值较高,对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论彩色多普勒超声诊断糖尿病下肢动脉病变有较高的临床价值。     

感觉神经定量检测仪对糖尿病患者检测的临床意义初步观察

目的 探讨血脂异常与糖尿病周围神经病变（DPN）的相关性. 方法 将201例患者按照是否合并血脂异常分为单纯T2DM组68例、T2DM合并血脂异常组66例、单纯血脂异常组32例和健康对照（NC）组35名,采用感觉神经定量检测仪测定各组正中、腓肠神经于2000、250、5 Hz的电流感觉阈值（CPT）,检测相关生化指标. 结果 T2DM合并血脂异常组较单纯T2DM组CPT升高（P＜0.05）,5 Hz时CPT升高最显著（P＜0.01）.单纯T2DM组和单纯血脂异常组双侧正中、腓肠神经比较差异无统计学意义.单纯血脂异常组双侧正中、腓肠神经CPT较NC组升高（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）. 结论 血脂异常与高糖毒性是DPN的两个等位危险因素,高糖合并血脂异常可加快DPN发生发展.     

糖尿病合并脑梗死老年患者下肢动脉病变的彩色多普勒超声观察

糖尿病(DM)作为脑血管疾病的一种独立危险因素已得到公认,尤其是DM合并脑梗死因发病率高、病情重、死亡率高等特点被人们广泛重视.DM合并脑梗死颈动脉病变的研究较多,然而,其与下肢动脉病变相关性的关注较少.因此,本研究对DM合并脑梗死与无脑梗死老年患者的下肢动脉行彩色多普勒超声检查并进行对比研究,探讨下肢动脉超声在DM合并脑梗死老年患者检测的价值和意义.     

彩色多普勒超声检查对糖尿病下肢动脉病变患者的临床诊断价值

目的探究糖尿病下肢动脉病变患者经彩色多普勒超声检查的临床诊断价值。方法选取2019年7月—2020年7月该院收治的糖尿病患者60例设置为研究组,另选取同期于该院行健康体检者60名设置为对照组,所有患者均实施彩色多普勒超声检查,对比两组下肢动脉病变检出率、下肢动脉血流量、血管内径情况。结果研究组血管狭窄闭塞、粥样硬化斑、下肢动脉病变IMT检出率较对照组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组足背动脉、腘动脉及股动脉血流量、血管内径较对照组低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组腘动脉与足背血流量比值、股总动脉与足背血流量比值低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论糖尿病下肢动脉病变患者经彩色多普勒超声检查可快速诊断出下肢动脉斑块发生部位及数量,促进诊断准确率提升,临床诊断价值高,具有较高的临床推广及应用价值。     

电流感觉阈值在评估1型糖尿病患者早期周围神经受损中的价值

目的应用Neurometer~(?)CPT/C神经测量仪检测临床确诊T1DM患者周围神经的电流感觉阈值(CPT),对比分析大小纤维受损的程度,从而为糖尿病周围神经病变(DPN)早期诊断提供有效证据。方法测定52例T1DM(T1DM)患者及40名正常对照(NC)者双侧正中神经、腓肠神经2000、250、5 Hz CPT,并检测两组HbA_1 c、尿白蛋白/肌酐(UAlb/Cr)等代谢指标。结果与NC组比较,T1DM组双侧正中神经及腓肠神经2000、250、5 Hz频率下CPT降低(P0.05);T1DM组正中神经损伤数量与同侧腓肠神经损伤数量比较,异常率偏低(左侧x~2=16.99,P0.01;右侧x~2=10.34,P0.01);T1DM组CPT正常亚组与CPT异常亚组HbA_1c水平比较,差异无统计学意义。二元Logistic回归分析显示,高HbA_1c是发生DPN的独立危险因素。结论 CPT可以早期发现T1DM患者周围神经受损,同时DPN下肢神经较上肢神经易损,DPN患者HbA_1c较高,且高HbA_1c是DPN的独立危险因素。     

2型糖尿病下肢血管病变患者血管新生相关因子的变化

目的 观察2型糖尿病(T2DM)下肢血管病变患者血管新生相关因子的变化,探讨血管新生在糖尿病下肢血管病变发展中的作用.方法 测定31例T2DM无下肢血管病变患者(T2DM 组)、49例T2DM下肢血管病变患者(下肢血管病变组)及40例正常对照者(对照组)血清CXCL16、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)、血小板源性内皮细胞生长因子(PD-ECGF)水平和外周血内皮祖细胞(EPCs)数量.应用多普勒超声测定踝臂指数(ABI),左、右足背动脉及左、右腘动脉内径,血流流速.结果 T2DM组和对照组相比,血清bFGF、PD-ECGF水平升高(P均＜0.01),外周血EPCs数量下降(P ＜0.001).下肢血管病变组与T2DM组和对照组相比,血清CXCL16、bFGF、PD-ECGF水平升高(P均＜0.001),外周血EPCs数量下降(P＜0.01).下肢血管病变组和T2DM组、对照组相比,ABI下降(P＜0.01),左、右足背动脉,左、右胭动脉内径减小(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),下肢血管病变组和对照组相比,左、右足背动脉,左、右胭动脉血流流速减低(P＜0.05).结论 T2DM下肢血管病变患者存在血管新生障碍,血管新生相关因子的升高和EPCs数量下降在糖尿病下肢血管病变发生中可能起重要作用.     

探讨彩色多普勒超声诊断糖尿病下肢血管病变的应用价值

目的探讨并分析彩色多普勒超声在糖尿病下肢血管病变患者中的诊断价值。方法 2018年1月—2019年1月间抽取糖尿病下肢血管病变患者20例作为观察组,再抽取20名同期于该院进行体检的健康人作为对照组,两组均采取彩色多普勒超声检查,观察两组研究对象的下肢血管病变情况、下肢血管斑块形成率以及下肢动脉血管内径比较。结果观察组患者下肢动脉血管内膜增厚、血管闭塞等情况的发生率显著高于对照组;观察组的下肢血管斑块形成率是60.00%,对照组是5.00%且观察组动脉管径显著低于对照组(χ~2=13.789,P0.05)。结论彩色多普勒超声在糖尿病下肢血管病变患者中的诊断价值显著,值得推广。     

彩色多普勒超声检查结果与2型糖尿病下肢病变患者血清生化指标的相关性

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声检查结果与2型糖尿病(T2DM)下肢病变患者血清生化指标的相关性。方法 T2DM患者80例,依据有无下肢血管病变分为T2DM对照(T2DM-C)组38例和T2DM观察(T2DM-O)组42例,另选该院健康体检者40例为对照组。所有受试者接受彩色多普勒超声检查,测量股动脉、腘动脉内-中膜复合体厚度(IMT)和粥样斑块数;采集静脉血检测血清中C反应蛋白(CRP)、25羟维生素D3〔25(OH)D3〕,并分析上述指标与股动脉、腘动脉IMT的相关性。结果 T2DM-O组CRP水平均显著高于T2DM-C组和对照组,T2DM-O组25(OH)D3均显著低于T2DM-C组和对照组,T2DM-C组CRP水平高于对照组,25(OH)D3水平低于对照组(均P<0.05);T2DM患者颈动脉和腘动脉IMT均显著高于对照组,且T2DM-O组显著高于T2DM-C组(均P<0.05);T2DM患者斑块阳性率显著高于对照组,且T2DM-O组显著高于T2DM-C组(均P<0.05);T2DM患者动脉IMT与血清CRP水平呈正相关,与25(OH)D3水平呈负相关(均P<0.05)。结论 T2DM患者下肢动脉IMT增加与血清指标异常存在显著相关性,可以据此判断疾病的发生、发展情况,采取预防和治疗措施,改善预后。     

探析彩色多普勒超声在2型糖尿病下肢动脉病变中的诊断价值

目的 探析彩色多普勒超声在2型糖尿病下肢动脉病变中的诊断价值。方法 选取2020年4月—2021年4月莒县人民医院收治的120例2型糖尿病下肢动脉病变患者为观察组,另选取同期健康体检者120名作为对照组。对比两组下肢动脉检查结果、不同血管的IMT厚度、糖尿病患者下肢动脉病变分布情况。结果 观察组管腔内膜光滑检出率显著低于对照组,不光滑有斑块检出率显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组股动脉、腘动脉、胫前动脉、胫后动脉、足背动脉的IMT值均显著大于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。有77例糖尿病患者存在下肢动脉斑块,多分布于患者的足背动脉。结论 彩色多普勒超声可用于诊断2型糖尿病下肢动脉病变患者,对临床早期诊断、防治糖尿病下肢血管病变具有重要的指导意义。     

Peripheral and autonomic nerve function in 259 diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy treated with ponalrestat (an aldose reductase inhibitor) or placebo for 18 months. United Kingdom/Scandinavian Ponalrestat Trial.

The potential of the aldose reductase inhibitor ponalrestat (600 mg daily) to ameliorate diabetic neuropathy was evaluated in 259 diabetes mellitus patients with peripheral neuropathy (defined by abnormal vibration perception threshold and abnormal peroneal motor conduction velocity) in a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial running for 18 months. Overall, no beneficial effect of ponalrestat on vibration perception thresholds, nerve conduction velocities, and nerve action potential amplitudes was detected. Because vibration perception thresholds and conduction velocities in median, peroneal, and sural nerves did not deteriorate in the placebo group, the potential of ponalrestat to prevent the expected deterioration in peripheral nerve function that occurs with an increased duration of diabetes was not tested. Patients with an abnormal heart rate reaction to standing (abnormal 30:15 ratio; n = 84) on ponalrestat did not deteriorate in this autonomic nerve function test as shown in those on placebo. In conclusion, ponalrestat did not improve peripheral nerve function in diabetes mellitus patients with signs of peripheral neuropathy, although it did ameliorate a deterioration in autonomic nerve function in diabetic patients with signs of autonomic neuropathy.     

The electrophysiological findings of subclinical neuropathy in patients with recently diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus

To assess the prevalence of subclinical neuropathy within the first year of type 1 diabetes mellitus, 30 patients and 14 healthy subjects have been studied prospectively. The patients whose diabetes duration was longer than 1 year have been excluded from the study. Control group consisted of healthy volunteers. Subjective neuropathy symptoms, neurological examination, and electrophysiological findings were evaluated. All patients were clinically asymptomatic. At least two abnormal independent neurophysiological nerve parameters, which were required as the criterion of the peripheral nervous system subclinical involvement, were found as in 96.6% of diabetic patients in the first years. The percentages of abnormal electrophysiological parameters in different motor and sensory nerves were 86.7% in sural nerve, 83.3% in peroneal motor nerve, 73.3% in posterior tibial motor nerve, 66.7% in median motor nerve, 63.3% in ulnar motor nerve, 60% in median sensory nerve, and 46.7% in ulnar sensory nerve. While distal motor latency, F conduction time, and minimum F latency were the most frequent abnormal parameters in the upper extremity electrophysiological study; conduction velocity, minimum and mean F latencies, F conduction time were the most frequent abnormal parameters in the lower extremity. In all sensory nerve conduction studies, the most frequent abnormal parameter was the onset latency. In the autonomic sympathetic nerve electrophysiological study, plantar SSR latency was found significantly longer than the control group. In the lower extremity generally somatic motor fibres, sensory large fibres and sympathetic autonomic nerve fibres were found to be more affected. There is a correlation between HbA1c levels and nerve conduction velocity in posterior tibial and peroneal nerves. However, upper extremity nerve conduction dysfunction was not correlated with HbA1c value. Neither the duration of disease nor the age of the subject correlated with the nerve dysfunction.     

Peripheral sensory nerve dysfunction in children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes mellitus

The aim of the present study was to investigate peripheral sensory nerve function in diabetic children and adolescents without neurological symptoms. Ninety-two children and adolescents with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus (mean ± SD age: 14.2 ± 2.1 years, diabetes duration: 5.8 ± 3.0 years) and 80 healthy control subjects (age: 13.8 ± 2.2 years) matched for age, sex, body mass index, and height standard deviation score were involved in the study. Using a sine-wave transcutaneous stimulator, current perception threshold (CPT) testing at 2000, 250 and 5 Hz was performed on the left median and peroneal nerves. Diabetic children had increased CPT at 2000 Hz on both nerves as compared to the control group (median (interquartile range), median nerve: 2.43 (2.20–3.43) vs 1.80 (1.51–2.60) mA, p = 0.02; peroneal nerve: 3.51 (2.81–4.82) vs 2.70 (2.04–3.70) mA, p = 0.01). Twenty-one (23 %) of patients had CPT values higher than that of any healthy individual. Of these, elevated CPT was observed in 9 (9.8 %) patients on the median nerve, in 8 (8.7 %) patients on the peroneal nerve, and in 4 (4.3 %) patients on both median and peroneal nerves. Using multiple logistic regression analysis, worse long-term metabolic control and advanced puberty were independently predictive of peripheral sensory nerve dysfunction as the dependent variable (adjusted OR (95 % CI): 3.4 (1.2–6.2), p = 0.01, and 2.8 (1.1–5.6), p = 0.03, respectively). In conclusion, evidence of peripheral sensory nerve dysfunction is not rare in children and adolescents with diabetes and can be demonstrated by CPT testing in asymptomatic patients. Poor metabolic control is a risk factor for such subclinical neuropathy, and pubertal development may be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

2型糖尿病患者高血压与糖尿病性神经病变的关系

目的 探讨2型糖尿病患者高血压与糖尿病性神经病变的关系。方法 利用心自主神经功能检测系统和神经电生理检测仪对107例（高血压组52例,非高血压组55例）2型糖尿病患者的心自主神经功能和肢体的末梢神经传导速度、皮肤痛温觉、振动沉进行测定,以判断心自主神经病变和末梢神经病变。结果 两组间末梢神经功能和心自主神经功能各指标除心的是距频谱分析的高频值外差异均无显著性（P＜0.05）。Logistic回归分析显示高血压与心自主神经病变显著相关（P＜0.01）,而与末梢神经病变无显著相关。结论 2型糖尿病患者高血压是心自主神经病变发病的危险因素,而与末梢神经病变无明显关系。     

Cross sectional study to evaluate the effect of duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus on the nerve conduction velocity in diabetic peripheral neuropathy

ObjectiveTo study the nerve conduction velocity in clinically undetectable and detectable peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus with variable duration.Material and methodsThis cross sectional study was conducted in diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. They were divided in groups: Group I (n = 37) with clinically detectable diabetic peripheral neuropathy of shorter duration and Group II (n = 27) with clinically detectable diabetic peripheral neuropathy of longer duration. They were compared with T2DM patients (n = 22) without clinical neuropathy. Clinical diagnosis was based on neuropathy symptom score (NSS) and neuropathy disability score (NDS) for signs. Nerve conduction velocity was measured in both upper and lower limbs. Median, ulnar, common peroneal and posterior tibial nerves were selected for motor nerve conduction study and median and sural nerves were selected for sensory nerve conduction study.ResultsThe comparisons were done between nerve conduction velocities of motor and sensory nerves in patients of clinically detectable neuropathy and patients without neuropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus population. This study showed significant electrophysiological changes with duration of disease. Nerve conduction velocities in lower limbs were significantly reduced even in patients of shorter duration with normal upper limb nerve conduction velocities.ConclusionDiabetic neuropathy symptom score (NSS) and neuropathy disability score (NDS) can help in evaluation of diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy though nerve conduction study is more powerful test and can help in diagnosing cases of neuropathy.     

糖尿病周围神经病变神经传导速度、F波及皮肤交感反应的变化及临床意义

目的 探讨糖尿病周围神经病变（DPN）患者神经传导速度（NCV）、F波及交感神经皮肤反应（SSR）的变化特点及临床应用价值.方法 97例DPN患者进行神经电生理检查,包括运动神经传导速度（MCV）、感觉神经传导速度（SCV）、F波及SSR检测.结果 异常率分别为SSR 75.2％,NCV 48.8％,F波34.5％,下肢神经病变重于上肢（P＜0.05）.结论 NCV、F波及SSR联合应用可全面地评估糖尿病周围神经的损害,三者相辅相成,缺一不可.     

Serum levels of TNF-α in peripheral neuropathy patients and its correlation with nerve conduction velocity in type 2 diabetes mellitus

ObjectiveTo compare serum levels of TNF-α in patients of peripheral neuropathy and patients without neuropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus.Material and methodsThis cross sectional study was conducted in diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. They were divided in groups, Group I (n = 37) with clinically detectable diabetic peripheral neuropathy of shorter duration and Group II (n = 27) with clinically detectable diabetic peripheral neuropathy of longer duration. They were compared with patients without clinical neuropathy (n = 22), clinical diagnosis was based on neuropathy symptom score (NSS) and neuropathy disability score (NDS) for signs. Blood samples were collected for baseline investigations and estimation of serum TNF-α. Nerve conduction velocity was measured in both upper and lower limbs. Median, Ulnar, Common Peroneal and Posterior Tibial nerves were selected for motor nerve conduction study and Median and Sural nerves were selected for sensory nerve conduction study.ResultsThe comparisons were done between various clinical and biochemical parameters in clinically detectable and undetectable peripheral neuropathy groups of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The study showed raised serum levels of TNF-α in peripheral neuropathy patients and significant correlation with nerve conduction velocity.ConclusionHigh level of TNF-α in serum of T2DM patients with neuropathy shows possible contribution in development of neuropathy. Due to its independent association this cytokine might be used as biomarker for diabetic peripheral neuropathy.     

Identification of patients at risk for diabetic foot: a comparison of standardized noninvasive testing with routine practice at community diabetes clinics

The aim of the study was the comparison of a simple standardized noninvasive examination of neuropathy and angiopathy with routine diagnostic practice in community diabetes clinics for the identification of patients at risk of foot ulceration. Consecutive patients (n=322), aged 30 years and more, with a diabetes duration of more than 5 years, were examined by trained podiatric nurses in six diabetes clinics over a 1-year period; 44 of these patients had active or previous foot ulcerations. We evaluated the differences between the routine diagnostic practice (based on the patient's medical history and a physical examination) and noninvasive testing of peripheral neuropathy [vibration perception threshold (VPT) and the Semmes-Weinstein 10-g monofilament wire system] and angiopathy [Doppler ankle/brachial index (ABI)]. Using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, we evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of noninvasive testing methods for identifying patients at risk and selecting the optimal diagnostic cutoff points. Patients with severe neuropathy, as determined by noninvasive testing (VPT > or =30 V and/or insensitivity to 10 g monofilament), had been diagnosed to have neuropathy in diabetes clinics in 54% of cases. Patients with angiopathy at risk of developing diabetic foot ulcers (ABI < or =0.8) had been diagnosed, in diabetes clinics, to have peripheral arterial disease in 50% (they reported claudications in 41%, had femoral artery bruits detected in 29% and nonpalpable peripheral pulsations in 12%). Our findings stress the importance of using standardized simple noninvasive testing methods to increase the accuracy of identifying patients at risk for the diabetic foot at the community level.     

2型糖尿病下肢神经病变心率变异性频域参数的昼夜节律

采用24 h动态心电图检测58例2型糖尿病伴下肢神经病变组、59例2型糖尿病不伴下肢神经病变组(非下肢神经病变组)和50例对照组的心率变异性,比较其频域参数的水平及昼夜间的变化.结果 显示非下肢神经病变组、下肢神经病变组较对照组频域指标减小,平均心率增加;昼夜间比较在对照组差异有统计学意义,在非下肢神经病变组昼夜节律发生改变,在下肢神经病变组昼夜节律消失.提示糖尿病不伴和伴下肢神经病变均存在自主神经功能受损,后者受损更明显.

Abstract：

Heart rate variability(HRV)analysis and its circadian rhythm(CR)were determined in 58patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with lower extremity neuropathy(diabetic neuropathy group), 59 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus without lower extremity neuropathy(diabetes group), and 50 healthy controls according to 24-hour Holter recording. Frequency domain parameters of HRV were significantly decreased in both diabetes groups. Frequency domain parameter of HRV in healthy controls,and daytime/nighttime difference were statistically significant. CR of HRV was changed in diabetes group and disappeared in diabetic neuropathy group. Impaired and seriously impaired autonomic nervous function developed in type 2 diabetes mellitus without and with lower extremity neuropathy respectively.     

Factors predicting lower extremity amputations in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus: a population-based 7-year follow-up study

Objectives. The aim of the study was to find factors predicting lower extremity amputation in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus through a 7-year follow-up period. Design. Follow-up study. Subjects. Altogether 733 diabetic patients, aged 10–79 years, were drawn from the national drug reimbursement register. Methods. At baseline, the patients underwent a podiatric, circulatory and neurophysiological examination. Seven years later a follow-up study was performed based on clinical and register data. Patient data for those who died during the follow-up were collected from hospital records and death certificates. All amputations were recorded. The patients with amputation were compared with the other patients and also, in a case-control manner, by taking three nonamputated patients matched by sex, type of diabetes, and age for each patient with amputation. Results. The number of amputations was 25 in the sample. Compared with all patients without amputation, patients with amputation differed in altogether 24 variables concerning diabetes and its complications. Compared with the matched nonamputated patients, the amputated patients had longer duration of diabetes, lower ankle/brachial pressure index (ABI), more often history of retinopathy, nephropathy, and hypertension, more often visual handicap, elevated serum creatinine level, abnormal neurophysiological indices and electrophysiological findings. In the logistic regression analysis, vibration perception threshold, low ABI, history of retinopathy, visual handicap, and male sex were independently associated with lower extremity amputation. Conclusions. Lower extremity amputations were strongly associated with retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. The presence of any of these complications should lead to intensified actions in order to prevent amputations. As far as arterial circulation is concerned, claudication or absent peripheral pulses were not good predictors of amputation, whereas low ABI, despite its known weaknesses, was a reliable indicator of future amputation.