乡镇医院实施单病种临床路径管理效果分析

目的 探讨单病种临床路径管理方法在乡镇医院中的应用效果 ,为同类医院不断改进医疗质量提供参考依据。方法 以平均住院日、平均住院费用、平均药费、治愈好转率等指标作为评价标准,对比分析四种单病种(社区获得性肺炎、腹股沟斜疝、臀肌挛缩、输尿管中下段结石)在实施临床路径管理前后的效果。结果 四种病种实施临床路径管理前后在平均住院日、平均药费方面差别具有统计学意义(p＜0.05),三种病种在平均住院费用方面差异具有统计学意义(p＜0.05),一种病种在术前平均住院日方面具有统计学意义(p＜0.05)。结论 在乡镇医院实施单病种临床路径管理效果是显著的,不仅可以有效缩短平均住院日,而且可以控制医疗费用的不合理增长,我们应该鼓励这一管理模式在乡镇医院中的应用。     

上海两家三甲医院全髋关节置换术住院日及费用比较

目的 :对比分析上海市两家三级甲等医院单病种住院日及费用构成情况。方法 :主要利用描述性分析的统计方法,分析两家医院2010—2014年患者术前住院日、平均住院日及费用构成。结果 :两家医院术前住院日、平均住院日及费用构成存在显著差异,住院费用增长主要是由手术及材料费增长导致,住院日与检查检验费、床位护理费和诊疗治疗费成显著正相关关系。结论 :两家医院尤其是医院B在缩短术前住院日和平均住院日方面还有较大空间,缩短平均住院日降低检查检验费、床位护理费及诊疗治疗费,提高床位周转率,可以为医院和社会创造更高的经济效益与社会效益。     

结核病患者住院费用与住院日分析

目的通过分析医院结核病患者的住院费用及住院日,为医院控制病人医疗费用,提高医疗效益提供决策依据.方法分析2001-2004年间广州市胸科医院结核病患者的各项住院费用的构成、年龄、性别各影响因素及住院日信息.结果2004年结核病患者平均住院日30天,人均医疗费用14993元,2001-2004年呈现平均住院日下降,日均住院费用上升的趋势.结论加强医院医疗质量管理,缩短平均住院日,严格控制医疗费用增长,以减轻结核病人的医药费用负担,推动医院和谐健康发展.     

皮肤癌患者住院费用及影响因素的通径分析

目的探讨皮肤癌患者住院费用的主要影响因素,为相关卫生政策的制定提供参考依据。方法收集2017年全国二级及以上医院皮肤癌患者的病案首页信息,对皮肤癌患者的人均住院费用以及平均住院日进行描述性分析,并采用通径分析研究住院费用的影响因素。结果本次研究共调查30361例皮肤癌住院患者。人均住院费用12705.15元,中位数为8676.00元;平均住院日12.49d,中位数为9.00d。结果显示平均住院日是住院费用最主要的影响因素,性别、年龄、职业、医疗付费方式、手术情况、治疗结局、是否有再住院计划、医院等级等不仅对住院费用存在直接作用,还可通过住院日间接影响住院费用。结论住院日是影响住院费用的最主要因素。加强对可控因素的控制,采取综合措施,合理缩短住院天数,有效缓解住院费用增长,减轻皮肤癌患者经济负担。     

医院感染对患者平均住院日和住院费用影响分析

目的:研究发生医院感染的住院患者对住院日和住院费用的影响,找出有效控制措施.方法:采用回顾性调查对2002-2006年出院患者中发生医院感染的平均住院日和平均住院费用进行统计分析.结果:发生医院感染患者的平均住院日、平均住院费用比未发生者均有显著性差异.结论:有效防范或减少医院感染的发生,能够缩短平均住院日,减轻住院患者的经济负担.     

肺癌患者医院感染对病人住院费用和住院日的影响分析

[目的]对发生医院内感染的患者对住院费用、平均住院日的影响进行分析,为预防医院感染提供依据.[方法]采用病例对照方法,对2007出院患者中发生医院感染的平均住院费用、平均住院日进行统计分析.[结果]发生医院感染的患者的平均住院费用和平均住院日比对照组均有明显增高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.005).[结论]推行有效的干预方法,防范或减少医院感染的发生,减低平均住院日,能减轻患者的经济负担,为探讨预防医院感染提供依据和途径.     

某三级综合医院医院获得性感染经济损失评价

目的了解某三级综合医院2011-2013年医院获得性感染(HAI)对住院日及住院费用的影响,评价其造成的经济损失。方法回顾性调查3年出院、HAI、内外科系统感染与非感染、不同感染部位患者的住院日及费用进行统计分析、对比,采用SPSS17.0对HAI及非HAI患者住院日及住院费用进行描述性分析、方差分析或秩和检验。结果 HAI患者平均住院日23.11d明显高于非HAI患者的10.01d及总住院患者的平均住院日10.27d,且3年呈现相同规律,3年HAI患者延长平均住院日为13.10d;手术部位感染(SSI)平均住院日39.89d明显高于其他部位HAI感染的23.11d,是非HAI及总住院患者平均住院日的4倍;3年HAI患者的住院总费用呈逐年增加的趋势,外科系统HAI患者的总费用明显高于内科系统。结论 HAI使患者及医院的经济损失逐年增长,SSI平均住院日明显延长,积极预防控制HAI势在必行。     

肿瘤患者医院感染基于倾向值匹配的卫生经济学分析

目的研究医院感染对肿瘤患者住院日数、住院费用的影响,为医院感染防控提供卫生经济学支持。方法从某大型肿瘤专科医院的医院感染管理信息系统中导出2016年住院患者的基本信息、感染情况、感染相关因素,采用倾向值匹配后利用Wilcoxon秩和检验分析医院感染、多药耐药菌感染对住院日数和住院费用的影响。结果全年共报告921例医院感染,累计感染发病率为2.02%,采用倾向值匹配并通过均衡性检验后,医院感染平均延长住院日数7日(P0.001),平均多支出住院费用10637.48元(P0.001)。多药耐药菌感染平均延长住院日数6日(P=0.012),平均多支出住院费用7324.59元(P=0.041)。结论医院感染将显著增加肿瘤患者住院日数和住院费用,采用倾向值匹配后得出的这一结论更加科学。     

四川省老年慢性病患者住院费用构成及影响因素分析

[目的]分析四川省六类老年慢性疾病患者住院费用构成情况及影响因素,为减轻老年慢性疾病患者住院经济负担提供建议。[方法]通过文献研究了解我国老年慢性病患病状况,对性别、年龄等进行描述性分析,平均住院日和次均住院费用采取单因素分析,住院费用影响因素采用回归分析。[结果]老年慢性病患者次均住院费用是6656.59元,平均住院日是9.92d;各年龄组的次均住院费用和平均住院日差异均有统计学意义。老年慢性病患者住院费用中平均药占比为39.32%,平均检查治疗费占比为35.41%。除老年性白内障外,其余五类慢性病的药占比几乎都超过40%。除年龄外,疾病类型、医院性质、医院所在地区、医院等级、医保付费方式、性别和住院天数等多因素共同影响住院费用。[结论]平均住院日越长,住院费用越高。慢性病患者住院费用主要构成部分是药品费和检查治疗费,药品费占比几乎达40%以上。疾病类型、医院性质、住院天数等多种因素共同影响慢性病患者住院费用。     

按病种分值付费对医疗资源消耗的影响分析

目的 探讨按病种分值付费(DIP)对医院控制住院费用及平均住院日的影响及策略。方法 采用回顾性研究方法,收集宿迁市2020年1月1日至2021年12月31日某医院出院患者病案首页及医保结算清单,利用SPSS 22.0软件分析某医院(DIP)前后住院医保患者平均住院日、次均费用变化情况。结果 DIP实施前后平均住院日、次均费用分布差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 DIP实施可以降低平均住院日,降低患者住院费用,提升医疗运行效率,促使医疗机构优化内部管理制度。     

Impact of nutritional status on DRG length of stay

A prospective audit of 100 admissions to a general medical unit was performed to determine the relationship of the initial nutritional status of the patients to the actual length of stay and hospital charges. These data then were compared with the allowed length of stay and estimated reimbursement under the prospective payment system of diagnosis-related groups (DRGs). Forty-five percent of the malnourished patients were hospitalized longer than that allowed under DRGs, compared to 30% for normal patients and 37% in the borderline group. The average length of stay was 15.6 +/- 2.2 days in the malnourished group compared to approximately 10 days in the other two groups (p less than 0.01). Although the estimated base DRG reimbursement was similar in all three groups ($4352-$5124), the actual hospital charges were significantly greater in the malnourished ($16,691 +/- 4389) and borderline ($14,118 +/- 4962) groups compared to normals ($7692 +/- 687), (p less than 0.01). The DRG system will have an adverse financial impact in the care of malnourished patients. It is suggested that early recognition of malnutrition and aggressive treatment may lead to a decrease in the length of stay and cost deficit incurred by malnourished patients.     

部分单病种住院费用及质量评价

该文通过对医院1997-1999年3年中34个病种2981份病案的住院费用进行分析，占各病种总费用比例较大的是药品；几乎所有的病种1999年的平均住院日低于1997年；有10个病种的治愈率达到100%，而其他病种也取得了较好的治疗效果，提示合理检查，合理治疗，合理用药及缩短平均住院日是控制住院费用上涨的有效途径。加强医院的全面质量保证体系，以低廉的价格为病人提供优质的服务。     

DRGs IE15组在临床路径管理前后的费用影响分析

目的 探讨临床路径对DRGs付费IE15组费用的影响.方法 对某三级甲等医院骨关节科2012年DRGs试点IE15组146例病历实行临床路径管理,分析其平均住院费用和平均住院日的情况,并与2011年166例病历未实行临床路径管理的结果进行比较.结果 某三级甲等医院骨关节科IE15组实行临床路径管理后的平均住院费用（10 463.65元）和平均住院日（4.03天）明显低于实行临床路径管理前的平均住院费用（11 373.27元）和平均住院日（4.90天） （分别有P＜0.05和P＜0.000 l）.结论 临床路径可以降低DRGs的费用和住院日.     

DRG-Based Cost Minimization Models: Applications in a Hospital Environment

The primary objective of this article is to investigate the feasibility of the application of cost minimization analysis in a teaching hospital environment. The investigation is concerned with the development of cost per admission and cost per patient day models. These models are further used for determining the value of the length of stay that would minimize cost per patient day (projected length of stay) and for estimating the costs. This study is based on total of 94,500 observations (1999 and 2000), obtained from a teaching hospital in South Florida. The top ten Diagnosis Related Groups (DRGs) with the highest volume are selected and classified into four insurance categories: Medicaid, Medicare, commercial, and self-pay. The cost models are fitted to the data for an average R2 value of 79%, and a MAPE value of 15%. The result demonstrates that if a hospital can control the length of stay at the projected level, on average, the cost per admission and the cost per patient day will decrease. Based on 6,367 admissions for the selected DRGs in 2000, the total cost per year and the cost per patient day decreased by approximately 11.58 and 10.35%, respectively. Overall, these results confirm that the concept of cost minimization analysis in economic theory can be applied to healthcare industries for the purpose of reducing of costs. In addition, this research offers a decision support instrument for healthcare administrators.     

按病种付费下安徽省冠心病患者住院费用构成及影响因素分析

目的:分析安徽省新农合按病种付费下的冠心病患者住院费用结构及其影响因素。方法:通过安徽省农村合作医疗管理中心信息系统,随机在皖北、皖中、皖南各抽取3县,共计9个县,获取2012年1月—2015年9月实施按病种付费的全部冠心病患者住院费用清单共计3 365例,采用描述性统计、结构变动度和多元线性回归进行分析。结果:按病种付费下的冠心病住院患者次均住院费用总体呈下降趋势,皖北总体波动下降、皖南逐年递减、皖中波动上升;药品费和材料费是住院费用的主要构成;影响患者住院费用的主要因素是就诊层次、住院天数、是否手术、地区和年份等。结论:实施按病种付费可有效控制次均住院费用增长;政策实施要关注地区差异,促进区域内均衡发展;控制医疗费用增长,应着重控制药品费和材料费的占比;同时应努力促进医疗联合体的构建和分级诊疗的实施、合理缩短医院平均住院日、控制手术指征等,从而更好地控制医疗费用。     

医院绩效管理研究与实践

目的 通过绩效管理激励员工,优化卫生资源配置,降低服务成本,提升医院综合实力.方法 采用病例组合、RBRVS和总额预算方法进行绩效工资核算;采用综合评价法和平衡计分卡法进行绩效考评.结果（1）建立了以病种数量、技术难度、费率、平均住院日、成本比和满意度为核心的月绩效分配模式;（2）建立了院、科两级的年度绩效考评体系.结论 医院绩效管理关键是以岗定薪、以绩定酬.医院绩效管理的实施既突出了公立医院的公益性,又充分调动了医务人员的积极性.     

Variation in Hospital Length of Stay: Do Physicians Adapt Their Length of Stay Decisions to What Is Usual in the Hospital Where They Work?

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that physicians who work in different hospitals adapt their length of stay decisions to what is usual in the hospital under consideration. DATA SOURCES: Secondary data were used, originating from the Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS). SPARCS is a major management tool for assisting hospitals, agencies, and health care organizations with decision making in relation to financial planning and monitoring of inpatient and ambulatory surgery services and costs in New York state. STUDY DESIGN: Data on length of stay for surgical interventions and medical conditions (a total of seven diagnosis-related groups [DRGs]) were studied, to find out whether there is more variation between than within hospitals. Data (1999, 2000, and 2001) from all hospitals in New York state were used. The study examined physicians practicing in one hospital and physicians practicing in more than one hospital, to determine whether average length of stay differs according to the hospital of practice. Multilevel models were used to determine variation between and within hospitals. A t-test was used to test whether length of stay for patients of each multihospital physician differed from the average length of stay in each of the two hospitals. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: There is significantly (p<.05) more variation between than within hospitals in most of the study populations. Physicians working in two hospitals had patient lengths of stay comparable with the usual practice in the hospital where the procedure was performed. The proportion of physicians working in one hospital did not have a consistent effect for all DRGs on the variation within hospitals. CONCLUSION: Physicians adapt to their colleagues or to the managerial demands of the particular hospital in which they work. The hospital and broader work environment should be taken into account when developing effective interventions to reduce variation in medical practice.     

Casemix-based funding of Northern Territory public hospitals: adjusting for severity and socio-economic variations

The Northern Territory intends to make use of Australian National Diagnosis Related Groups (DRGs) and their cost relativities as the basis for the allocation of budgets among public hospitals. The study reported here attempted to assess the extent to which there are variations in severity of illness and socio-economic status which are not adequately explained by DRG alone and, if so, to develop a DRG payment adjustment index by use of routinely available data items. The investigation was undertaken by use of a database containing all discharges between July 1992 and June 1995. Hospital length of stay was used as a proxy for cost. Multivariate analysis was undertaken and it was found that several variables were associated with cost variations within DRGs. Stepwise multiple linear regression was used to develop a model in which 14 variables were able to explain 45% of the variations. Index values were subsequently computed from the regression model for each of eight categories of admitted patient episodes which are the intersections of three binary variables: Aborigine or non-Aborigine, rural or urban usual place of residence of the patient and hospital type (teaching or other). It is intended that these index values will be used to compute differential funding rates for each hospital in the Territory. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Comparing hospital cost efficiency between Norway and Finland

In this study, cost efficiency in Finnish and Norwegian hospitals was compared using national discharge data and identical definitions for cost and output measures. Cross-sectional data on 47 Finnish and 51 Norwegian public hospitals in 1999 were used. Private, military and psychiatric hospitals were excluded. Data were collected from the National Discharge Registries. These were supplemented with cost information collected from hospitals' year-end accounts. The output data included admissions grouped according to diagnosis related groups (DRGs), outpatient visits, day care and inpatient days. Net hospital operating costs excluding capital costs were used as input. Nonparametric data envelopment analysis (DEA) was used in the calculation of cost efficiency. The results revealed marked differences in efficiency, in both within country and across country comparisons. According to preliminary results there was more variation in cost efficiency among Finnish hospitals, and the average level of cost efficiency was 17-25% lower in Norwegian hospitals. Although these preliminary results must be taken with caution, this study demonstrates the importance and potential benefits of integrating cost efficiency analysis into international comparisons of health care expenditure.     

积极主动为贫困人口服务--上海市北站医院平价病房的案例调查

目的:对上海市一所国有民营医院的平价病房进行案例调查,了解运行状况、经验及存在问题。方法:相关人员访谈和现场观察。结果:该院设立了14张床位的平价病房,收治对象是低保户、特困户及经济困难的外来务工人员。对医保病人和自费病人设定不同的减免优惠方案,包括减免50.0%的床位费和10.0%的护理、检查、治疗及手术等劳务费用(药费除外)。以收治急性病为主,住院时间原则上不超过2周。出院病人总费用的实际减免率约为6.0%￣10.0%。结论:创办平价病房的方向应予肯定。是民营机构委托管理医院的一种公益性(非营利性)的表现,对其他公立医疗机构具有促进作用。