叶酸预防神经管畸形在相关人群中的知晓率及行为

目的：了解妇幼卫生人员、婚检妇女和孕妇对孕前和孕早期服用叶酸预防神经管畸形的知识掌握程度及相关行为。方法：根据不同的对象自行设计知识和行为调查问卷，由妇幼卫生人员、婚检妇女和孕妇自己填写，将结果进行χ^2检验和方差分析。结果：76．7％（155／202）的妇幼卫生人员知道服用叶酸可以减少神经管畸形的发生，26．7％（54／202）的知道叶酸应当从孕前开始服用，仅有5．9％（12／202）的人知道叶酸每天摄入的适当量是0．4mg-1mg，34.7%(70/202)的妇幼卫生人员推荐的剂量大于1mg；194名婚检妇女仅4人（2．1％）知道叶酸可以预防胎儿畸形，4人在服用叶酸增补剂，2人知道要从孕前服用；31．9％（67／210）的孕妇知道叶酸与神经管畸形的关系，16．2％（34／210）知道应从孕前服用，14．3％（30／210）孕妇在服用叶酸增补剂，仅4人（1．9％）真正从孕前开始服用。结论：妇女增补叶酸预防神经管畸形的知识还没有得到很好的普及，叶酸的服用率低。建议培训妇幼人员（特别是县乡级人员）正确指导妇女应用叶酸的知识和能力，加大婚前教育宣传力度，增加服用叶酸预防神经管畸形知识的知晓率。     

叶酸预防神经管畸形在相关人群中的知晓率及行为

目的 了解妇幼卫生人员、婚检妇女和孕妇对孕前和孕早期服用叶酸预防神经管畸形的知识掌握程度及相关行为。 方法 根据不同的对象自行设计知识和行为调查问卷,由妇幼卫生人员、婚检妇女和孕妇自己填写,将结果进行x2检验和方差分析。 结果 76.7%(155/202)的妇幼卫生人员知道服用叶酸可以减少神经管畸形的发生,26.7%(54/202)的知道叶酸应当从孕前开始服用,仅有5.9%(12/202)的人知道叶酸每天摄入的适当量是0.4 mg-1 mg,34.7%(70/202)的妇幼卫生人员推荐的剂量大于1 mg;194名婚检妇女仅4人(2.1%)知道叶酸可以预防胎儿畸形,4人在服用叶酸增补剂,2人知道要从孕前服用;31.9%(67/210)的孕妇知道叶酸与神经管畸形的关系,16.2%(34/210)知道应从孕前服用,14.3%(30/210)孕妇在服用叶酸增补剂,仅4人(1.9%)真正从孕前开始服用。 结论 妇女增补叶酸预防神经管畸形的知识还没有得到很好的普及,叶酸的服用率低。建议培训妇幼人员(特别是县乡级人员)正确指导妇女应用叶酸的知识和能力,加大婚前教育宣传力度,增加服用叶酸预防神经管畸形知识的知晓率。     

出生缺陷高发区与低发区孕早期妇女叶酸知信行现况比较

目的了解出生缺陷高发区与低发区孕早期妇女叶酸知信行状况.方法采用横断面调查与对比研究，对出生缺陷高发与低发4个地区共1554名孕早期妇女的叶酸知识的了解情况、服用叶酸增补剂的态度及叶酸增补剂服用情况进行了问卷调查。结果出生缺陷高发区孕早期妇女听说过叶酸的比例(农村22．7％、城市60．7％)、知道叶酸预防神经管畸形作用的比例(农村18．1％、城市51．5％)，低于出生缺陷低发区妇女(农村85．1％、城市85．6％；农村、城市76．1％)；对于叶酸增补剂最佳服用时期，高发区农村孕早期妇女知晓率为16．3％、城市为35．9％，低于出生缺陷低发区(农村68．2％、城市68．8％)；出生缺陷高发区妇女认为有必要服用叶酸增补剂的比例(农村20．4％、城市50．7％)远低于出生缺陷低发区(农村76．1％、城市79．7％)；出生缺陷高发区城市与农村妇女叶酸增补剂服用率仅为8．5％和31．1％，低于出生缺陷低发区(农村63．4％、城市67．5％)。结论出生缺陷高发区孕早期妇女叶酸知识缺乏，叶酸增补剂服用率低。应通过健康教育和宣传，提高出生缺陷高发区育龄妇女对叶酸的认识和增补率。     

山东枣庄妇女怀孕前后服用叶酸增补剂预防神经管畸形

育龄妇女在孕前和孕早期服用0．4mg叶酸增补剂预防神经管畸形（NTDs），是由中国妇婴保健中心与美国疾病控制中心经过多年研究的一项科技成果，由国家卫生部、人口与计划生育委员会在全国推广使用。2000年4月在本区推广妇女孕前或孕早期服用了0．4mg叶酸增补剂（商品名斯利安），通过与同期未使用叶酸增补剂的孕妇对比，现将观察结果报道如下。     

社区早孕妇女预防出生缺陷相关知识调查与对策

目的了解社区早孕妇女预防出生缺陷相关知识知晓情况，以更好地做好社区出生缺陷的一级预防工作。方法对早孕门诊中234名早孕妇女进行预防出生缺陷相关知识的问卷调查。结果本组调查对象中，28．2％（66／234）的早孕妇女知晓出生缺陷相关知识。其中，本市户籍知晓率为31．6％，显著高于非本市户籍的13．6％（P〈0．05）。大专及以上文化程度知晓率为38．2％，显著大于大专以下的9．8％（P〈0．01）。各年龄组间，出生缺陷知识知晓率的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。所有孕妇对神经管畸形（NTDS）的预防知晓率最低，为53．0％。结论社区应宣传、普及孕前、孕期保健知识，做好出生缺陷的一级预防。     

永靖县孕妇叶酸认知状况分析

目的了解永靖县孕妇对叶酸知识的认知状况及其影响因素,为今后进行叶酸知识健康教育以及进一步推广叶酸的增补提供科学依据。方法 2008年10月1日—2010年9月30日对甘肃省永靖县所有≥28孕周分娩的妇女进行问卷调查。统计分析孕妇对叶酸知识的知晓率、叶酸服用率及规范服用率;用Logistic回归分析其影响因素。结果共收回有效问卷3 536份,孕妇叶酸知识知晓率为94.85%,服用率为92.17%,规范服用率为38.29%。影响孕妇叶酸知晓和服用的主要影响因素有是否接受过健康教育、年龄、职业和户籍所在地。结论永靖县孕妇叶酸的规范服用率低,健康教育是影响孕妇叶酸知晓、服用和规范服用的主要因素;对重点人群进行叶酸及出生缺陷等相关知识的健康教育是提高叶酸规范服用、预防出生缺陷的重点。     

四川省城市孕妇出生缺陷一级预防行为综合评价

目的了解四川省城市孕妇孕前预防出生缺陷的行为现状,对不同城市地区出生缺陷一级预防行为优良等级划分提供统计学方法参考,为进一步提高出生缺陷一级干预效果和降低出生缺陷率服务。方法本研究选取8个城市共1057名孕妇,对其基本情况和出生缺陷一级预防行为现状进行描述,利用TOPSIS和秩和比法(RSR法)对四川省多个地区的出生缺陷一级预防行为进行综合评价。结果本研究调查对象中婚检率45.32%,叶酸服用率和孕检率均超过80%。未婚检的最主要原因是认为自己健康;没有合理增补叶酸的最主要原因是不知道叶酸的好处;没有孕检的最主要原因是意外怀孕;将婚检率、叶酸服用率、孕检率、风险预防情况作为评价指标进行综合评价后,乐山、遂宁和眉山在城市地区表现较好。结论婚检需重视,婚检率还有待提高;孕检率和叶酸服用率较高,但孕前开始服用叶酸的人数较少,没有进行孕检的人群主要是意外怀孕人群;研究对象的风险意识较高,能有意识避免接触可能影响胎儿的危险因素;综合评价中乐山、遂宁和眉山地区预防出生缺陷行为表现较好,各地应有针对性的提高优生宣传教育,结合当地计生部门形成因地制宜的出生缺陷预防网络,使人们能广泛参与进去。     

论在我国推广“妇女增补叶酸预防神经管畸形”成果的必要性和适时性

一九九三年九月，卫生部公布了“十年百项成果推广计划”的第三批面向农村和基层推广的适宜医药卫生技术，其中第五项是“妇女增补叶酸预防神经管畸形”。该成果指出：“所有新婚妇女从结婚时(在城市也可以从计划怀孕时)起到孕后三个月，应每日服用0．4毫克叶酸增补剂(商品名为《斯利安片》)经产妇再次怀孕时，也应从孕前开始服用叶酸增补剂，以预防神经管畸形的发生。”这是一项用简单的方法能够预防严重疾病的重要成果。该项成果的推广将使我国先天畸形的防治和优生优育工作的发展进入一个新阶段。本文将论述卫生部推广该项技术成果的必要性和适时性。     

新《婚姻登记条例》实施前后孕早期妇女叶酸知识和增补率的变化

目的:了解新《婚姻登记条例》实施前后孕早期妇女叶酸知信行变化状况。方法:采用横断面调查与对比研究,对无锡市新《婚姻登记条例》实施前登记结婚的75例和实施后52例孕早期妇女的叶酸知识的了解情况、服用叶酸增补剂的态度及叶酸增补剂服用情况进行了问卷调查。结果:实施后组孕早期妇女对于叶酸增补剂最佳服用时期的知晓率为42.31%,低于实施前的66.67%(P<0.01);实施后组妇女叶酸增补剂服用率为44.23%,低于实施前的62.67%(P<0.05);实施后组从卫生保健机构获得叶酸知识的构成比例为28.95%,低于实施前的82.76%(P<0.01);实施后组孕早期妇女听说过叶酸的比例(73.08%)、知道叶酸预防神经管畸形作用的比例(55.77%)和有必要服用叶酸增补剂的比例(65.38%),均低于实施前组妇女(分别为77.33%、66.67%和73.33%),但差别无统计学意义。结论:新《婚姻登记条例》实施后,无锡市孕早期妇女叶酸相关知识、叶酸增补剂服用率呈现下降趋势。应积极探索新的知识传播途径,增加育龄妇女的叶酸知识,提高叶酸增补剂服用率。     

妊早期妇女血清叶酸水平与胎儿出生缺陷发病关系的队列研究

目的:探讨孕妇血清叶酸水平与胎儿出生缺陷发病的关系。方法:选择2007年4月～2010年4月在开封市妇产医院进行产检的、符合纳入标准的孕妇为调查对象,按其服用叶酸的情况分为A组(孕前、孕期从未口服叶酸)、B组(孕后口服叶酸)、C组(孕前、孕后均口服叶酸),比较三组血清叶酸水平;对其进行随访至胎儿出生6个月,调查出生结局,比较三组出生缺陷发生情况。结果:A组的血清叶酸平均水平明显低于B组和C组,C组的血清叶酸平均水平高于B组(P<0.05)。A组孕妇娩出出生缺陷胎儿发生率明显高于B组和C组(P<0.05)。与围孕期规律服用叶酸相比,不服用叶酸组娩出出生缺陷胎儿的相对危险度为3.48(2.02/0.58),其风险增加了2.48倍。结论:妊早期孕妇叶酸水平与出生缺陷有关系,围孕期服用叶酸增补剂可以降低出生缺陷的发生风险。     

Folic acid awareness and supplementation among Texas women of childbearing age

OBJECTIVE: Neural tube defects (NTDs) affect about seven of every 10,000 deliveries in Texas. To reduce the risk for NTDs, women are encouraged to supplement with 400 mcg folic acid daily during their reproductive years. This study examines folic acid awareness, knowledge, and supplementation practices among women of childbearing age (WCBA), including residents of Texas-Mexico border as well as women of Hispanic origin/ethnicity, populations that have NTD rates up to three times higher than the national average. METHODS: We conducted a statewide multistage sample telephone survey among Texas women of childbearing age in 2001. In total 1,196 women age 18 to 44 were interviewed. RESULTS: About 78% of WCBA knew about folic acid, 28% knew that folic acid prevents birth defects, and 25% knew to take folic acid before pregnancy. The prevalence of daily folic acid supplementation among all women of childbearing age was 33%. Education was the strongest predictor of folic acid awareness followed by race/ethnicity and age. Significant predictors of daily folic acid supplementation were education and ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest the need for more emphases on strategies to improve the level of folic acid supplementation among low educated women, and race ethnic minority populations.     

Knowledge and use of folic acid among pregnant Arabian women residing in Qatar and Oman

The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge and use of folic acid among pregnant Arabian women in Qatar and Oman. Three hundred pregnant women were interviewed during their second trimester based on a questionnaire developed for the study. Results of the survey indicated that 94% of the women knew about folic acid, 41.3% knew it should be taken periconceptionally, 58.5% knew that it prevents birth defects and 34.4% were able to identify five or more food sources of folic acid. The majority (88.7%) of women was taking the supplement, 85.0% were taking it regularly and 13.2% took it before getting pregnant. Knowledge and use were significantly influenced by ethnicity, age, education level, employment and family income. Periconceptional use of supplement was lowest among younger women (4.9%) and illiterate and least educated women (5.3%). It was concluded that high level of knowledge of folic acid was not reflected as successful use of the folic acid supplement.     

Knowledge and use of folic acid among pregnant Arabian women residing in Qatar and Oman

The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge and use of folic acid among pregnant Arabian women in Qatar and Oman. Three hundred pregnant women were interviewed during their second trimester based on a questionnaire developed for the study. Results of the survey indicated that 94% of the women knew about folic acid, 41.3% knew it should be taken periconceptionally, 58.5% knew that it prevents birth defects and 34.4% were able to identify five or more food sources of folic acid. The majority (88.7%) of women was taking the supplement, 85.0% were taking it regularly and 13.2% took it before getting pregnant. Knowledge and use were significantly influenced by ethnicity, age, education level, employment and family income. Periconceptional use of supplement was lowest among younger women (4.9%) and illiterate and least educated women (5.3%). It was concluded that high level of knowledge of folic acid was not reflected as successful use of the folic acid supplement.     

Assessment of student pharmacists' knowledge concerning folic acid and prevention of birth defects demonstrates a need for further education

Adequate periconceptional consumption of folic acid can prevent neural tube birth defects, and all women capable of becoming pregnant are recommended to consume 400 microg/d. Most women, however, are unaware of this recommendation and do not consume adequate amounts of folic acid. It is important, therefore, that healthcare professionals, such as pharmacists, be capable of educating women regarding folic acid. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge regarding prevention of birth defects by folic acid among student (future) pharmacists in the final year of a professional degree program. Over a 3-y period (1998-2000), students (n = 98) enrolled in a PharmD program completed a survey consisting of five multiple-choice questions concerning folic acid and birth defects. Almost all students (93.9%) correctly identified folic acid as preventing birth defects. Of these students, many also knew that supplementation should begin before pregnancy (73.9%). Fewer, however, were able to correctly identify either the recommended level of intake (55.4%) or good sources of folic acid (57.6-65.2%). These results show that although student (future) pharmacists are aware of folic acid's ability to prevent birth defects, many lack the specific knowledge needed to effectively counsel women in future clinical practice.     

甘肃省孕产妇对叶酸增补知识认知现况调查

目的:了解孕产妇对叶酸增补知识认知现状,探讨影响认知的关键知识点,为增补叶酸的推广提供依据。方法:按照整群抽样的方法,在甘肃省选择两个县作为研究现场,选择怀孕后3个月至产后1年的妇女2 094人进行问卷调查。结果:神经管畸形知晓率为36.39%,神经管畸形可以预防、发生原因及类型知晓率分别为30.13%、19.48%、18.77%,均为项目县高于非项目县(χ2=41.43,P0.05,χ2=44.76,P0.05,χ2=97.46,P0.05,χ2=82.69,P0.05);叶酸知晓率为62.18%,项目县低于非项目县(χ2=17.40,P0.05);叶酸为维生素类保健品的知晓率为27.32%,两县之间差异无统计学意义(χ2=3.61,P0.05);叶酸预防神经管畸形、正确服用时间的知晓率分别为26.17%、15.85%,前者为项目县高于非项目县、后者为项目县低于非项目县(χ2=45.50,P0.05,χ2=9.83,P0.05);未增补叶酸的主要原因为没听说过叶酸31.27%、不知道叶酸好处24.10%、不知道在哪领取10.16%。结论:甘肃省孕产妇叶酸增补知识认知仍处于较低水平,是未增补叶酸的主要原因。     

北京市高知地区孕妇增补叶酸的知信行现况调查

目的 了解北京市高知地区孕妇关于叶酸增补的知识、态度、行为情况,为制定孕期保健的健康教育和健康促进政策提供参考依据.方法 采取方便抽样的方法,对2016年12月至2017年1月到北京市海淀区妇幼保健院就诊的333名孕妇进行问卷调查.结果 99.37%的孕妇听说过叶酸,84.91%的孕妇知道叶酸可预防神经管缺陷,92.79%的孕妇知道叶酸的最佳服用时间,56.19%的孕妇知道每日需增补叶酸的剂量,47.74%的孕妇能正确增补叶酸.学历、居住地、怀孕胎次与"叶酸能预防神经管缺损"的知晓率无相关性(χ2值分别为4.57、0.65、0.05,均P>0.05),年龄、居住地、学历及认知水平与叶酸正确服用率无相关性(χ2值分别为3.26、4.01、2.93、2.25,均P>0.05),胎次与叶酸正确服用率有相关性(χ2=4.39,P<0.05).结论 北京市高知地区孕妇对增补叶酸知识掌握程度较好,但能正确在孕前开始服用叶酸的孕妇还不足,知识、信念与行为存在脱离,知信行理论在高知人群中的适用性不强,纯粹加强健康教育工作收获甚微,应加强健康促进工作,为孕妇提供良好的政策和环境支持,以减少神经管缺陷的发生,提高新生人口质量.     

Folic acid awareness and use among women with a history of a neural tube defect pregnancy--Texas, 2000-2001.

The use of folic acid is a critical component in preventing birth defects. Health-care providers should take advantage of all health-care visits to counsel not only women at high risk (i.e., those with a history of having an infant with a neural tube defect [NTD]) but all women regarding the importance of folic acid use. A study conducted in Texas confirmed that white and Hispanic mothers were equally likely to recall receiving postpartum advice to use folic acid; however, Hispanic women were much less likely to use folic acid, compared with white women. This report covers data from May 2000 through November 2001. A study was conducted in Texas to determine whether women at high risk recall and follow recommendations to use folic acid. The study included 195 women at high risk and 223 control mothers who gave birth to infants without birth defects. These women participated in a telephone interview for a population-based case-control study of NTDs. Approximately 56.4% (110 of 195) of mothers who had infants affected by an NTD recalled receiving postpartum advice to use folic acid, compared with 25.6% (57 of 223) of control mothers (p < 0.01). Among nonpregnant case mothers, 54 (32.7%) of 165 reported regular use of supplements containing folic acid, and 53 (25.2%) of 210 nonpregnant control mothers reported this behavior (p = 0.11). Among case mothers, use of folic acid was significantly higher for whites (64.7%) versus Hispanics (16.5%) (p < 0.001); for women with some college education (57.1%) versus no college education (20.2%; p < 0.001); for women who were trying to get pregnant (66.7%) versus those using birth control (38.3%) or reporting using no contraceptive method (18.8%) (p = 0.001); and for women who reported receiving advice to use folic acid (40.9%) versus those who did not (22.2%; p = 0.01). Findings from this study support the need to implement NTD recurrence prevention activities in Texas. Data also identify a need for educational strategies in Texas that target Hispanic women at high risk, especially those who primarily speak Spanish. Further efforts should be made to determine why Hispanic women have low rates of folic acid use (e.g., the cost of vitamins and language and cultural barriers). On the basis of a review of research and current practice, recommendations developed by the Public Health Service include 1) women at risk for a recurrent NTD-affected pregnancy should take 0.4 mg of folic acidper day; and 2) if a woman at high risk is planning a pregnancy, she should consult her physician regarding taking the higher dose of 4.0 mg per day.     

Changes in knowledge and attitudes of folate, and use of dietary supplements among women of reproductive age in Norway 1998-2000

AIMS: From March 1998, Norwegian nutrition authorities have recommended that women consume a folic acid supplement before and early in pregnancy to prevent neural tube defects. The authors wished to establish Norwegian data on knowledge of, use of, and attitudes to folic acid supplement and dietary supplements before and after implementing national information campaigns on folate and pregnancy. METHODS: Telephone surveys were carried out in late 1998 and in late 2000 among, respectively, 1,146 and 1,218 Norwegian women of reproductive age. RESULTS: Overall, 50% of the women in 1998 and 60% of the women in 2000 had heard about folate, 33% and 46% knew about its role in pregnancy, and 9.5% and 21% knew that it may prevent a congenital malformation. Only 4.0% and 8.5% of the women, respectively, knew that the critical period for folic acid supplement to reduce the risk of neural tube defect is before and early in pregnancy. Knowledge and increase in knowledge between the two surveys were highest among women close to pregnancy (woman planning pregnancy, pregnant women, or women who had given birth within the last 12 months), and among women with high education. Among the 54 women in 1998 and the 55 women in 2000 whose last birth was within the previous year, use of a folic acid supplement before or early in the last pregnancy was reported by 10% (95% confidence interval (CI) 5-21%) and by 47% (95% CI 35-60%), respectively. Among women close to pregnancy, 76% in 1998 and 87% in 2000 stated that they would use a folic acid supplement in a future pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge and use of folate among Norwegian women increased from 1998 to 2000. Future information strategies on folate and pregnancy should in particular aim at increasing women's knowledge on the critical period for folic acid supplementation, as well as reducing socio-demographic differences in use and knowledge of folate.     

An exceptionally low percentage of Thai expectant mothers and medical personnel with folic acid knowledge and peri-conceptional consumption urges an urgent education program and/or food fortification

It has been widely accepted that peri-conceptional consumption of folic acid (FA) can prevent many congenital anomalies, including more than one-half of all neural tube defects. In several developed countries, educational campaigns and/or food fortification with FA have been launched, resulting in lower incidences of some anomalies. In Thailand, congenital anomalies preventable by FA are still an important public health problem. However, there have been no recommendations on the use of FA supplementations from the health authorities. In order to achieve a goal of reducing the diseases' incidences, our initial effort is to assess knowledge and use of peri-conceptional FA. We conducted a questionnaire survey of 500 pregnant women and 500 child-bearing-age female medical personnel in the King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital from June 2003 through December 2003. Of the 383 pregnant women who completed the survey, 23.5% (90/383) knew that FA helped to prevent birth defects, 3.4% (13/383) knew that FA should be taken before pregnancy, and only 0.3% (1/383) reported taking FA before pregnancy. Among the 422 female medical personnel who completed the survey, 84.4% (356/422) knew that FA could prevent birth defects, whereas 40.0% (169/422) knew that FA should be taken prior to pregnancy. This study provided strong evidence that educational campaigns and/or food fortification are urgently needed.