WHOQOL-BREF在广泛性焦虑症患者中应用的信度及效度研究

目的：评估世界卫生组织生命质量测定量表简表在广泛性焦虑症病人中的信度和效度。方法：由专业医生对42例符合CCMD-3广泛性焦虑症诊断标准的门诊初诊患者评定世界卫生组织生命质量测定量表简表、健康状况调查问卷、汉密顿焦虑量表和大体评定量表，在治疗第四周予以重测。对量表的内部一致性信度、重测信度、平行效度及经验效度等指标进行分析。结果：WHOQOI-BREF的Guttman分半信度为0．767，Cronbach’s α系数为0．827，各维度的Cronbach's α系数较好，重测后各项目的相关系数均在0.348～0．646之间；WHOQOL-BREF的生理、心理、社会关系和环境分量表与SF-36多数分量表呈显著相关，WHOQOL-BREF的生理、心理、社会关系和环境分量表与GAS评分呈显著正相关；广泛性焦虑症患者的焦虑症状评分与WHOQOL-BREF的多个分量表分呈显著性负相关，经治后广泛性焦虑症患者生命质量及焦虑症状均有显著性的改善，具有统计学意义。结论：WHOQOL-BREF具有较好的信度和效度，能较全面地评价广泛性焦虑症患者生命质量。     

TEG量表中文版的初步测试

目的：引进TEG量表，分析中国高血糖人群性格类型。方法：采用TEG中文版对401名高血糖人群进行了测试，检验量表的信度和效度。结果：大部分调查对象能够理解量表的内容；量表的漏填率很低；量表的重测信度系数在0．73-0．87之间，5个维度内部的Cronbach’s a系数在0．62到0．72之间，各维度之间的相关系数在0到0．40之间。量表所包括的60个条目在5个因子中得到了较为充分的表达。结论：中文版的TEG性格量表的引进和测试达到了预期的要求，值得进一步的探索和研究。     

精神分裂症患者生活质量量表信效度检验与应用

目的：引进和进行《精神分裂症患者生活质量量表》（SQLS）的信度和效度检验，并初步进行临床应用。方法：将SQLS译成中文，并回译。以174例精神分裂症住院患者和51例门诊患者为样本进行信度，效度评定。结果：SQLS中文版重度测度0．87，内部一致性α系数0．70－0．92，与SF－36，SCL－90显著相关，因素分析证实了三个因子。在临床应用中，我们发现住院患者在精力／动机上反而好于门诊患者，而患病时间对主观生活质量的影响最为显著，随着患病时间的延长，主观生活质量呈下降趋势。此外，参加工娱治疗，使用副反应小的新型抗精神药物的患者主观生活质量高。上述结论提示量表反映的情况与临床实际基本相符。结论：《精神分裂症患者生活质量量表》（SQLS）中文版经初步测试，信度，效度符合要求，具有临床应用价值。     

个人主义和集体主义量表中文版信度和效度的研究

目的：检验个人主义和集体主义量表（Individualism and Collectivism scale，INDCOL）中文版的信、效度。方法：应用INDCOL中文版．对1760名大、中学生施测，计算该量表的雨测信度、内部一致性信度和结构效度等。结果：EFA得出INDCOL具有水平个人主义、垂直个人主义、水平集体主义和垂直集体主义的4因子结构，CFA对此进行了验证．其中X^2／df=3．173，GFI=0．975。IFI=0．921，CFI=0．927。RMSEA=0.081。各项拟合指数均符合测量学的要求。信度分析发现．重测信度为0．747。最表及各因子内部一致性α系数为：水平个人主义0．689、垂直个人主义0．637、水平集体主义0．788、垂直集体主义0．644。结论：INDCOL中文版具有良好的信、效度，但某些条目还不适合中国人群，需要进一步修订。     

癌症康复评价系统简表中文版的信度和效度

目的考察癌症患者生命质量评定工具“癌症康复评价简表”(CARES-SF)中文版的信度和效度。方法采用“WHO-QOL跨文化生命质量研究问卷翻译法”对CARES-SF进行系统翻译和评价,并应用中文版CARES-SF对146名恶性肿瘤患者的生命质量进行调查,并在6个月后对其中的107名患者进行生命质量随访。结果CARES-SF中文版重测信度为0.81,内部一致性为0.66-0.93,与症状困扰程度、焦虑、抑郁评分之间的相关系数分别为0.46,0.43,0.49(P<0.01);因素分析得到9个因素,各条目负载大于0.4,该9个因素共解释了66.82%的方差,基本证实了其结构效度;该量表能区分出不同类型的癌症患者生命质量之间的差异,以及同一患者生命质量在6个月中的纵向变化。结论CARES-SF中文版是一份具有较好信度和效度的癌症患者生命质量评定量表,可应用与肿瘤临床和科研。     

多维学生生活满意度量表中文版的初步测试报告

目的：建立多维学生生活满意度量表(Multidimensional Students’Life Satisfaction Scale，MSLSS)的中文版，并测试其信、效度。方法：793名中学生完成了MSLSS，计算量表的内部一致性信度、分半信度和重测信度、总分与各因子间的相关系数．并进行验证性因子分析。结果：MSLSS中文版的Cronbach’sα系数为0．90；重测信度为0．86：总分与各因子的相关系数在0．71-0．80之间，各因子间的相关系数在0.36～0．57之间；条目对因子的标准负荷系数在0．35～0．89之间，5个潜变量在上一级潜变量的标准负荷系数介于0．55～0．74之间。验证性因子分析的指标：x^2、x^2／df、NFI、CFI、TLI、RMSEA均符合心理测量学要求。结论：MSLSS中文版具有良好的信、效度．在我国也是一种较好的青少年生活满意度测评工具。     

认知应对在女性乳腺癌患者神经质人格与生活质量关系中的中介作用

目的:检验认知应对在女性乳腺癌患者神经质人格与生活质量关系中的中介作用。方法:采用方便取样,抽取638名住院治疗的女性乳腺癌患者,用大五人格问卷简版神经质分量表(FFI-N)、认知情绪调节问卷中文版(CERQ-C)和乳腺癌患者生活质量测定量表(FACT-B)进行调查。结果:1女性乳腺癌患者的生活质量与神经质人格、非适应性认知应对呈显著负相关,与适应性认知应对呈显著正相关(均P0.01)。2适应性认知应对在女性乳腺癌患者神经质人格和生活质量关系中的中介效应占总效应的22.55%,非适应性认知应对的中介效应占总效应的34.32%。结论:认知应对是女性乳腺癌患者神经质人格和生活质量关系中的重要中介变量。     

益处发现量表中文版在乳腺癌患者中的信效度检验

目的:评估益处发现量表中文版(BFS-C)在女性乳腺癌患者中的信效度.方法:用BFS-C对605名女性乳腺癌患者施测,间隔四周后随机选取100名被试进行重测.同时采用流调中心用抑郁量表和贝克焦虑问卷作为效标测量工具.结果:探索性因素分析结果表明该量表具有5个因子,分别为:个人成长、世界观、家庭关系、社会关系和接受;总量表的Cronbach's α系数为0.96,五个因子的α系数在0.77至0.90之间;总量表及五个因子的重测信度均在0.7以上;验证性因素分析表明该量表五因子结构拟合良好;与抑郁和焦虑显著负相关.结论:益处发现量表中文版具有良好的信度和效度,是评估乳腺癌患者益处发现的可靠工具.     

BIS-11中文版的信度与效度检验

目的：翻译、修订Barratt冲动性量表第十一版（BIS-11），并在中国的社会文化背景下，检验其信度和效度。方法：78名大学本科生和283名社区居民接受测验，大学生样本两周后接受重测。结果：项目分析以后，删除4个CR值未达统计等湿著性意义的条目，组成26个条目的新量表。验证性因素分析发现BIS-11中文版基本符合原文的理论构想；总量表和三个维度的Cronbaeh’s α系数分别为0．7590，0．5648，0．6584和0．6872；总量表和三个维度的重测信度分别为0．853，0．665，0．791和0．838；条目-总分相关系数均有统计学显著性意义。结论：BIS-11中文版具有较好的信度和效度，符合心理测量学的要求，可以在我国用于冲动性的研究。     

乳腺癌患者创伤后应激障碍对生命质量的影响:抑郁和照顾者压力的中介作用

目的:探讨乳腺癌患者创伤后应激症状与生命质量的关系,并考察抑郁和照顾者压力的中介作用。方法:招募221名乳腺癌患者及其主要照顾者参与研究,采用创伤后应激症状诊断量表(PDS-C)、生命质量测定量表(FACT-B)和抑郁量表(PHQ-9)对患者施测,采用照顾者压力量表(CSAQ)对其照顾者施测。结果:(1)乳腺癌患者PTSD发生率为7.2%(16/221);(2)乳腺癌患者的创伤后应激障碍可以直接负向影响患者的生命质量(β=-0.59,t=-10.72,P0.001),抑郁和照顾者压力在创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)和生命质量之间起中介作用,95%的置信区间分别为[-0.19,-0.10]、[-0.10,-0.01]。结论 :乳腺癌患者的抑郁情绪和其照顾者的压力是患者PTSD影响生命质量的重要中间因素。在乳腺癌患者的治疗康复过程中要注重改善患者的抑郁情绪,更要帮助其主要照顾者缓解心理压力,以提高患者的生命质量。     

Topical organization of the projections of neurons of the substantia nigra and the ventral field of the tegmentum of the midbrain to the head of the caudate nucleus of the cat

Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology -     

Asymmetry of the internal connections of the striate cortex of the cat in the projection zone of the center of the field of vision

Studies were carried out on the organization of the internal connections of the striate cortex in cats in the projection zone of the center (0–5°) of the field of vision by microintophoretic application of horseradish peroxidase to electrophysiologically identified orientational columns. The area containing neurons showing retrograde labeling in most cases extended in the mediolateral direction. Labeled cells were located in the upper (II, III) and lower (V, VI) layers of the cortex, and the shapes and orientations of the areas containing labeled neurons in these layers coincided. Spatial asymmetry was detected in the distribution of labeled neurons relative to the orientational column studied. Labeled cells were located predominantly medial to the columns, regardless of the distance from the projection of the area centralis. Considering the visuotopical map of field 17, the asymmetry detected here provides evidence that neurons in orientational columns have more extensive connections with neurons of the peripheral part of the cortex. An asymmetrical distribution of “silent” zones around the receptive fields of neurons in orientational columns is suggested, and that these appear to receive influences from the periphery of the visual field. Laboratory of Visual Physiology and Laboratory of Central Nervous System Morphology, I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Makarov Bank, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia. Translated from Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 82, No. 12, pp. 23–29, December, 1996.     

Characteristics of the topographic interrelation of the head of the pancreas and the duodenum and pathology of the organs of the pancreatoduodenal area

Seventy pancreatoduodenal complexes of 55 patients with chronic pancreatitis and tumours of this zone and 15 patients died from other diseases are studies histotopographically . The pieces of the pancreatic head tissue in the medial wall of the duodenum were found in 12 cases of the first group and in 4 control cases. The pancreatic tissue consisted either of all elements of this organ or cystically dilated ducts and seemed to infiltrate different layers of the duodenum wall. Three variants of the pancreatic head structure are suggested on the basis of anatomo-topographical interrelationships of the pancreatic head and duodenum. In 12 out of 14 cases chronic pancreatitis and carcinoma of organs of this zone were combined with the variants of the pancreatic head structure, in 2 cases there was a true heterotopy . Pathogenetic significance of these variants for the development of chronic pancreatitis is discussed.     

Influence of the level of the transmembrane potential on the dynamics of the extinction of the amplitude of the synaptic reactions of the snail under voltage clamping conditions

The influence of the level of the transmembrane potential on the dynamics of the extinction of the amplitudes of summary excitatory postsynaptic currents arising in identified giant parietal neurons in response to rhythmic stimulation of the intestinal nerve was investigated in a preparation of the isolated CNS of the common snail in order to identify the possibility of the participation of the postsynaptic element in synaptic plasticity. It was demonstrated that, at a greater value of the transmembrane potential, the decrease in the amplitudes of the postsynaptic currents which have been induced by rhythmic stimulation takes place more rapidly. It was also demonstrated that at a higher frequency of stimulation of the nerve, the effect of the influence of the membrane potential level on the dynamics of the synaptic reactions is more prominent. The data obtained may be regarded as an argument in favor of the possibility of the participation of the post-synapse in plasticity. This study was partially supported by the Russian Basic Research Fund (project No. 94-04-12209). Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. Translated from Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatel'nosti imeni I. P. Pavlova, Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 171–179, January–February, 1995.     

Effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on the behavior of the rat.

The effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on behavior of the rat has been studied. Results may be summarized as follows. An increase in the exploratory behavior in the open field which decreases rapidly; a decrease in the number of defecations in this test and a decrease in time leaving a dark environment for exploration. In the shuttle box test, no facilitation of the acquisition, but a permanent and quite significant increase in the intertrial activity has been found. We conclude that the lesions tend to decrease the emotivity of the subjects. An interpretation on the basis of the species -- specific defensive reactions explains the transitory and permanent effects of the lesions on the spontaneous activity.