中国非综合征遗传性聋人群GJB6基因突变分析

目的：研究GJB6基因[连接蛋白30（Cx30）-]在中国非综合征遗传性聋人群中的突变情况。方法：用特定引物对372例非综合征遗传性聋患者（其中295例分子病因不明,77例携带GJB2病理性单等位基因突变）和182例正常对照者进行聚合酶链反应,检测GJB6基因的342kb大片段缺失del（GJB6〉D13S1830）,并进行GJB6基因编码区扩增,以产物直接测序方法进行突变检测及鉴定。结果：372例耳聋患者中未发现GJB6 del（GJB6〉D13S1830）,其中1例发现携带GJB6基因点突变404C〉A,导致了氨基酸的错义改变T135K,多物种Cx30氨基酸序列进化分析证实该点位于Cx30高度保守的第3跨膜区。对照组中未发现同样突变。结论：GJB6基因突变在中国耳聋人群中整体发生频率较低,GJB6基因可暂不列为第一线耳聋基因检测项目。     

GJB3在携带GJB2单等位基因突变的中国耳聋人群中的突变分析

目的 在GJB2病理性单等位基因突变携带者中进行GJB3基因编码区序列分析,探讨GJB2与GJB3双基因模式遗传致聋的可能性.方法 对从全国24个省市自治区3323例重度-极重度感音神经性耳聋患者中筛查出的108例携带GJB2病理性单等位基因突变的耳聋患者进行GJB3基因编码区全序列测序,分析测得序列,对所发现突变或变异编码氨基酸的物种进化保守性进行分析,结合听力正常对照人群中GJB3基因编码区测序结果,对考虑为携带GJB3突变及GJB2病理性单等位基因突变的耳聋患者进行家系分析.结果 108例携带GJB2病理性单等位基因突变的耳聋患者中共检测到7种GJB3基因变异类型,其中错义突变3种,静止变异4种.5例携带GJB3基因的错义变异(V84I,A194T,N166S),结合对照组检测结果,V84I为中国人群GJB3基因的多态改变,GJB3基因N166S和A194T可能为导致常染色体隐性非综合征性耳聋的的病理性突变.结论 GJB3与GJB2可能以双基因模式遗传导致耳聋,其致病机制还待进一步阐明.     

陕西省非综合征型耳聋患者GJB2基因突变分析

目的：分析陕西省非综合征型耳聋患者GJB2基因的突变类型及突变频率。方法采集陕西省800例散发非综合征型耳聋患者和104例听力正常者外周血,提取基因组DNA,采用聚合酶链反应扩增GJB2基因全部编码区并进行测序,序列与GJB2基因标准序列进行比对分析。结果共检出29种突变类型,包括5种多态性改变、19种病理性突变以及5种未见报道的突变类型。耳聋患者与对照组间235delC和299_300delAT的检出率差异具有统计学意义。153例患者由于携带GJB2基因纯合/复合杂合突变致聋。结论 GJB2基因235delC、299_300delAT以及176_191del16为陕西省非综合征型耳聋患者最常见的三种突变类型。     

200例非综合征型聋患者GJB3和GJB6基因突变分析

目的研究广东、湖南和广西三省非综合征型聋患者GJB3和GJB6基因突变的特征。方法选择200例来自广东、湖南和广西三省的非综合征型聋患者,提取外周血DNA,PCR扩增后,进行GJB3、GJB6基因编码区测序和GJB6大片段缺失del(GJB6-D13S1830)及del(GJB6-D13S1854)突变检测。结果 200例患者中发现GJB3 580G>A杂合突变2例,其中1例为GJB2 109G>A和GJB3 580G>A复合杂合突变,250G>A杂合突变1例,474G>A杂合突变1例,357C>T杂合突变35例,纯合突变1例,474G>A为首次发现。GJB3等位基因突变频率为1%(4/400)。未发现GJB6基因突变。结论本组广东、湖南和广西三省非综合征型聋患者GJB3基因等位基因突变率为1%;GJB6基因突变致聋罕见。     

山东省滨州市特教学校耳聋学生分子病因学分析——GJB2235delC突变、线粒体DNA12S Rrna A1555G突变和SLC26A4ⅣS7-2A>G突变筛查报告

目的 对山东滨州市特教学校学生进行耳聋分子流行病学调查,了解耳聋的常见分子病因.方法 对山东省滨州市阳信、无棣、惠民三县特教学校年龄5～19岁的78名重度耳聋学生进行遗传性耳聋问卷调查、全面体格检查、耳鼻咽喉专科检查以及听力学评估(纯音测听和声导抗)等,应用限制性内切酶法分别对GJB2基因235delC突变、线粒体DNA 12S rRNA基因A1555G点突变进行分析,应用直接测序法检测SLC26A4基因ⅣS7-2A>G突变.结果 非综合征性耳聋74例.其中,10例(13.51%)携带GJB2基因235delC纯合突变,1例(1.35%)携带GJB2基因235delC和299DelAT复合杂合突变,3例(4.05%)携带GJB2基因235delC杂合突变,2例(2.70%)携带GJB2基因299DeLAT杂合突变;5例(6.76%)携带线粒体DNA 12S rRNA基因A1555G点突变;3例(4.05%)携带SLC26A4基因ⅣS7-2A>G纯合突变,1例(1.35%)携带SLC26A4基因ⅣS7-2A>G杂合突变.18.92%(14/74)的非综合征性耳聋患者携带GJB2基因235delC和SLC26A4基因ⅣS7-2A>G双等位基因突变(纯合突变+复合杂合突变);8.11%(6/74)的非综合征性耳聋患者携带GJB2基因和SLC26A4基因ⅣS7-2A>G单杂合突变.4例综合征性耳聋患者在所检测范围内均未发现突变.结论 山东省滨州地区特教学校耳聋患者存在较高的GJB2基因235delC、线粒体DNA 12SrRNA基因A1555G和SLC26A4基因ⅣS7-2A>G突变发生率,线粒体DNA 12S rRNA 基因A1555G突变发生率高于全国平均水平.聋病分子流行病学调查提示山东省滨州地区23.08%的特教学校耳聋患者在分子水平能够明确诊断,另有8.97%的患者有强烈的遗传倾向.准确的耳聋早期诊断、遗传咨询、及时干预和治疗在这一地区的聋哑人群中是非常重要的.     

耳聋-掌跖皮肤角化综合征的连接蛋白基因型和表型分析

目的GJB2、GJB6、GJB3基因与遗传性耳聋及角化病有关，以GJB2、GJB6、GJB3基因为候选基因，研究1例伴有掌跖角化病的综合征型耳聋先证者的分子病因，探讨其表型及遗传特征。方法 采集先证者及其父母外周血并提取DNA，对GJB2、GJB6、GJB3基因编码区进行PCR扩增，以直接测序的方法进行突变分析。结果 先证者及其父母GJB3、GJB6基因测序未发现突变。先证者携带GJB2基因R75W单等位基因突变，其父母未携带此突变，在证实先证者与其父亲的亲子关系后明确先证者携带的R75W为新生突变。301名中国正常对照中未发现GJB2基因R75W突变。结论 在中国首次发现了GJB2基因新生突变R75W，此突变可能以显性方式遗传，导致耳聋-掌跖皮肤角化综合征。在不同种族R75W导致的耳聋多为双侧重度到极重度感音神经性聋。而皮肤表型的严重程度有所不同。     

携带GJB2单杂合突变非综合征型耳聋患者GJA1突变分析

目的探讨携带GJB2基因单杂合突变非综合征型耳聋患者GJA1基因突变情况。方法对205例GJB2单杂合突变的非综合征型耳聋患者进行GJA1外显子2直接测序,对照组为111例听力正常成年人。结果 205例GJB2单杂合突变患者中,GJA1c.IVS2+1insA杂合突变3例(1.45%),c.456G>A和c.717G>A各1例,都为杂合同义突变。111例对照组中,c.IVS2+1insA杂合突变3例(2.70%),c.466A>G杂合突变1例。两组c.IVS2+1insA突变率无明显差异(校正χ2=0.115,P=0.735>0.05)。结论 GJB2单杂合突变非综合征型耳聋患者中GJA1检测未见致病突变。     

TaqMan探针熔解曲线技术检测GJB2基因突变

目的建立快速可靠的Taq Man探针熔解曲线技术,分析非综合征型遗传性耳聋患者的GJB2基因及探讨Taq Man探针熔解曲线技术。方法制备标准品,利用Taq Man探针基于荧光PCR熔解曲线平台建立熔解曲线分析技术;收集138例正常人群、113例非综合征型遗传性耳聋患者及2个非综合征型遗传性耳聋家系,应用Taq Man探针熔解曲线技术分析GJB2基因最常见的35del G,176_191del16,235del C,299_300del AT的4个突变位点;结果利用直接测序技术加以验证。结果 138例正常人群中检出2例GJB2基因突变,113例非综合征型遗传性耳聋患者中检出22例GJB2基因突变,2个耳聋家系先证者均为GJB2基因突变患者;所有检测结果均与测序结果一致。结论利用Taq Man探针建立了一种快速可靠的探针熔解曲线技术,经测序验证能准确的检测GJB2基因常见的4种突变。     

江苏南通地区非综合征性耳聋GJB2基因突变分析

目的 研究南通地区非综合征性耳聋GJB2基因突变情况。方法 收集南通地区海安县和如皋县聋哑学校学生100名和健康对照组50名，利用PCR扩增及限制性内切酶酶切分析初筛GJB2 235delC突变者，然后再行DNA直接测序。结果 耳聋组中共发现三种突变：235delC、176—191del16、299—300delAT。235delC是主要突变方式．约30％的患者携带此突变；299—300delAT和176-191del16突变检出率分别为9％和8％。对照组未发现这些突变。结论 南通地区非综合征性耳聋GJB2基因突变率较高，因此在南通地区进行广泛的生育前耳聋基因筛查工作有重要意义。     

非综合征型聋患者常见耳聋基因突变分析

目的分析重度和极重度非综合征型聋患者常见耳聋基因突变情况,从分子水平了解该人群聋病的遗传病因和特点,为临床防聋治聋提供策略、依据。方法应用遗传性耳聋基因芯片对179例非综合征型聋患者GJB2、GJB3、SLC26A4、线粒体12SrRNA基因中9个热点突变进行检测,同时结合耳聋病因问卷调查、纯音听阈测试、听性脑干反应测试、声导抗、颞骨CT检查。结果 179例患者中,79例存在不同程度的被检测基因位点突变,其中3例同时携带二个基因突变:①42例存在GJB2基因突变,其中:176del16位点纯合突变1例、单杂合突变2例;235delC位点纯合突变17例、单杂合突变9例;299delAT位点纯合突变0例、单杂合突变2例;235delC/299delAT复合杂合突变7例,235delC/176del16复合杂合突变4例。②37例存在SLC26A4基因突变,其中:2168A>G位点单杂合突变4例;IVS7-2A>G位点纯合突变13例,单杂合突变17例;2168A>G/IVS7-2A>G复合杂合突变3例。③3例存在线粒体12SrRNA基因突变,其中2例1555A>G位点均质突变,1例1494C>T位点均质突变;④无GJB3基因突变。在基因水平,明确诊断遗传性聋者48例,占26.80%,遗传性耳聋基因突变携带者31例,占17.32%。结论 GJB2、SLC26A4突变是安徽地区重度和极重度非综合征型聋患者主要突变形式、其次是线粒体12SrRNA基因突变,通过筛查可以明确部分非综合征型聋的病因,可以为患者及其家族成员提供准确的遗传咨询和指导,为再次生育家庭提供产前诊断,从而为防聋治聋提供帮助。     

gjb2 mutation spectrum in inner mongolia and its comparison with other asian populations

Mutations in the GJB2 gene are the most frequently found mutations in patients with nonsyndromic hearing impairment. However, the mutation spectrum and prevalence of mutations vary among different ethnic groups. Every year, 30,000 babies are born with congenital hearing impairment in China. In order to provide appro-pilate genetic testing and counseling to the family, we investigated the molecular etiology of nonsyndromic deafness in 135 unrelated school children attending Chifeng Municipal Special Education School in Inner Mongolia, China. The coding exon of the GJB2 gene was PCR amplified and sequenced. In addition, the 12S rRNA gene and tRNAser UCN of mitochondrial genome were screened for mutations responsible for hearing impairment. Sixty four GJB2 mu-tant alleles, including 60 confirmed pathogenic alleles and 4 unclassified variants, were identified in 31.1% (42/135) of the subjects. Twenty two subjects carried two pathogenic mutations and 20 subjects carried one mutant allele, in-cluding one subject with one autosomal dominant mutation. The 235delC was the most common mutation account-ing for 65.6%(42/64) GJB2 mutant alleles. When compared to other Asian populations, our subject cohort had high-er frequency of 235delC mutation than the Japanese population. The GJB2 mutant alleles account for 23.7% (64/270) of all chromosomes responsible for nonsyndromic heating impairment. Testing of the 4 most prevalent deleterious frame shift mutations(235delC, 299_300delAT, 176191_del16, and 560_605ins46) in this cohort detect-ed 90% of all GJB2 mutant alleles. These results demonstrate that effective genetic testing of the GJB2 gene for pa-tients and families with nonsyndromic hearing impairment is possible in the Chinese population. Since the most common 309kb GJB6 deletion is not detected and only one 1555 A>G mutation in mitochondrial DNA is detected in our patients, investigation of mutations in other nuclear genes and/or environmental factors responsible for non-syndromic heating impairment in the Chinese population is necessary.     

Prevalence of the GJB2 mutations and the del(GJB6-D13S1830) mutation in Brazilian patients with deafness

Mutations in the GJB2 gene are the most common cause of sensorineural non-syndromic deafness in different populations. One specific mutation, 35delG, has accounted for the majority of the mutations detected in the GJB2 gene in many countries. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of GJB2 mutations and the del(GJB6-D13S1830) mutation in non-syndromic deaf Brazilians. The 33 unrelated probands were examined by clinical evaluation to exclude syndromic forms of deafness. Mutation analysis in the GJB2 gene and the testing for the del(GJB6-D13S1830) were performed in both the patients and their family members. The 35delG mutation was found in nine of the probands or in 14 of the mutated alleles. The V37I mutation and the del(GJB6-D13S1830) mutation were also found in two patients, both are compound heterozygote with 35delG mutation. These findings strengthen the importance of genetic diagnosis, providing early treatment, and genetic counseling of deaf patients.     

High level of intrafamilial phenotypic variability of non-syndromic hearing loss in a Lur family due to delE120 mutation in GJB2 gene

Hearing loss is the most common sensory defect in the world. The genetic basis of this condition is very complex. Molecular variations in GJB2 gene are the common cause of hearing impairment in Caucasians. One expects that affected members of a family with same mutation have similar phenotype. Here, we report phenotypic variability in hearing loss among the members of a Lur family. Two brothers from a Lur family from Lurestan province in western Iran with variable degrees of nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss were evaluated for genetic counseling. Clinical examinations, audiological tests and molecular studies including GJB2 gene sequencing and detection of Δ(GJB6-D13S1830) deletion were performed. Sequencing analysis of GJB2 gene revealed delE120 mutation in both brothers in homozygous form. Since one of them was profoundly deaf and the other was mild hearing loss and had normal conversation, we were expecting different genotypes or other causative effects. Δ(GJB6-D13S1830) was not found. Phenotypic variability between members of different families with the same type of mutation can be expected which may be due to the role of different modifying factors, unrecognized gap junction isoforms, or polymorphism effects.     

新疆哈萨克族非综合征型聋GJB2基因突变的研究分析

目的：研究新疆哈萨克族非综合征型聋患者GJB2基因突变的情况。方法：调查对象为来自新疆地区的193例哈萨克族患者,采用直接测序法对非综合征型聋患者97例和健康对照96例进行GJB2基因突变的检测。结果：在编码区耳聋组共发现8种碱基改变：其中35delG纯和12例,79G〉A纯合5例,79G〉A杂合8例,79G〉A与608T〉C复合杂合1例,79G〉A与341A〉G复合杂合5例,235delC杂合4例,341A〉G杂合2例,439T〉G杂合1例,457G〉A杂合1例,521G〉A纯合2例。对照组发现4种已明确的常见多态性碱基改变。结论：本研究提示新疆哈萨克族非综合征型聋患者GJB2基因突变具有种族和地域性特点,该地区哈萨克族耳聋人群中GJB2有较高携带率,在本研究中35 delG为其常见突变方式。     

赤峰市特教学校重度感音性聋分子病因学分析--GJB2 235delC突变和线粒体DNA 12SrRNA A1555G突变筛查报告

目的 调查内蒙古赤峰市聋哑学校重度感音性耳聋病因学情况。方法 对赤峰市聋哑学校140名学生进行耳聋病因问卷调查、纯音听阈测试。所有受检学生均采集外周血并提取DNA．进行线粒体DNA 12SrRNA A1555G点突变检测、GJB2基因突变检测。结果 1例（0．71％）存在线粒体DNA A1555G点突变；16例（11．43％）存在GJB2 235delC纯合突变，19例（13．57％）存在GJB2 235delC杂合突变。结论 赤峰市耳聋患者存在较高的遗传性耳聋发生率，并呈现明显的地域特点。通过聋病分子诊断，可达到防聋、指导聋儿康复及评估耳聋预后等积极效果。     

GJB2 (connexin 26) gene mutations in Moroccan patients with autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss and carrier frequency of the common GJB2-35delG mutation

OBJECTIVE: Mutations in the connexin 26 gene (GJB2), which encodes a gap-junction protein expressed in the inner ear, have been shown to be responsible for a major part of autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss in Caucasians. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence and spectrum of GJB2 mutations, including the (GJB6-D13S1830) deletion, in Moroccan patients and estimate the carrier frequency of the 35delG mutation in the general population. METHODS: Genomic DNA was isolated from 81 unrelated Moroccan familial cases with moderate to profound autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss and 113 Moroccan control individuals. Molecular studies were performed using PCR-Mediated Site Directed Mutagenesis assay, PCR and direct sequencing to screen for GJB2, 35delG and del(GJB6-D13S1830) mutations. RESULTS: GJB2 mutations were found in 43.20% of the deaf patients. Among these patients 35.80% were 35delG/35delG homozygous, 2.47% were 35delG/wt heterozygous, 3.70% were V37I/wt heterozygous, and 1 patient was E47X/35delG compound heterozygous. None of the patients with one or no GJB2 mutation displayed the common (GJB6-D13S1830) deletion. We found also that the carrier frequency of GJB2-35delG in the normal Moroccan population is 2.65%. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that the GJB2-35delG mutation is the major cause of autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss in Moroccan population. Two other mutations were also detected (V37I and E47X), in agreement with similar studies in other populations showing heterogeneity in the frequencies and types of mutation in connexin 26 gene.     

A study of GJB2 and delGJB6-D13S1830 mutations in Brazilian non-syndromic deaf children from the Amazon region

Hearing impairment affects about 1 in 1000 newborns. Mutations in the connexin 26 (GJB2) gene rank among the most frequent causes of non-syndromic deafness in different populations, while delGJB6-D13S1830 mutation located in the DFNB30 locus is known to cause sensorineural hearing loss. Despite the many studies on the involvement of GJB2 mutations in hearing impairment in different populations, there is little information on genetic deafness in Brazil, especially in the Amazon region.ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of GJB2 mutations and delGJB6-D13S1830 in 77 sporadic non-syndromic deaf patients.MethodThe coding region of the GJB2 gene was sequenced and polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect the delGJB6-D13S1830 mutation.ResultsMutant allele 35delG was found in 9% of the patients (7/77). Mutations M34T and V95M were detected in two distinct heterozygous patients. Non-pathogenic mutation V27I was detected in 28.6% of the patients (22/77). None of the deaf patients carried the delGJB6-D13S1830 mutation.ConclusionMutant alleles on gene GJB2 were observed in 40% (31/77) of the subjects in the sample. Pathogenic variants were detected in only 12% (9/77) of the individuals. More studies are required to elucidate the genetic causes of hearing loss in miscegenated populations.     

GJB2 mutations in hearing impairment: identification of a broad clinical spectrum for improved genetic counseling

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Hearing impairment has a high prevalence affecting approximately 1 in 1000 newborn children. Alterations in the gap junction protein beta 2 (GJB2) and gap junction protein beta 6 (GJB6) are associated with nonsyndromic hearing impairment and should have a significant impact on genetic counseling. STUDY DESIGN: Various cases of nonsyndromic hearing impairment were screened for alterations in GJB2 and GJB6 in this clinical study. METHODS: The prevalence of mutations in GJB2 encoding for connexin 26 in a patient group with nonsyndromic hearing impairment comprising 45 families and 57 sporadic cases was initially determined by sequencing. The role of GJB2 was then assessed in individuals with hearing impairment (3 families and 20 sporadic cases) who are usually excluded from analysis because of the presence of additional symptoms or in cases in which a role for nongenetic factors cannot be eliminated. In hearing-impaired individuals with heterozygous GJB2 mutations the recently identified 342-kb deletion truncating GJB6 called del(GJB6-D13S1830) as a digenetic component in hearing impairment was excluded by polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Autosomal recessively inherited GJB2 mutations induced hearing impairment in 25.5% of individuals in the nonsyndromic hearing impairment group. GJB2 alterations were also seen in 17.4% of individuals in whom additional symptoms or a role for nongenetic involvement could not be excluded. In all, 15 different alterations in GJB2 were detected, including the previously unknown 154G>C, 557C>T, and 682C>T mutations, and these were correlated to clinical parameters. CONCLUSION: Improved genetic counseling can be performed by screening for GJB2 alterations in patients with nonsyndromic hearing impairment including patients within groups for which a role for exogenetic factors cannot be excluded. Specific genetic counseling for GJB2-linked hearing impairment in heterozygotes will depend on future research.