慢性肾脏病3期患者中医临床证候分析

[目的]探讨CGN-CKD3期患者中医证候的临床分布及辨证分型规律。[方法]对96例CGN-CKD3期患者进行临床调查,依据统一标准辨证,统计各项基本证候出现频率;将患者按不同证型进行分组,并对各组间年龄、病程、血压及实验室指标(GFR、24h Upro、UAlb/cr)进行统计分析。[结果]CGN-CKD3期患者以肾气阴(血)虚、肾络瘀痹、风湿内扰为三大基本中医证候,肾气阴(血)虚涵盖几乎所有患者;辨证分型以气阴虚+肾络瘀痹+风湿内扰最多,其次为气阴(血)虚+肾络瘀痹、气阴(血)虚+风湿内扰证;兼挟风湿证/和血瘀证的患者尿蛋白量明显增加,舒张压水平相对高。[结论]风湿内扰证、肾络瘀痹证及气阴(血)虚在CGN-CKD3期患者整个病程进展中具有重要意义。     

论IgA肾病的虚、瘀及风湿证候

王永钧主任医师提出了IgAN的五型辨证方案,经临床与原慢性肾小球疾病中医辨证方案的对比研究,证实了五型辨证方案更符合IgAN的病机、证候谱分布和中医治疗学特色,有客观、规范、实用有效的优点,其中虚、瘀、风湿三证更是lgAN的主要临床证候,气阴两虚是IgAN虚证的中心,脉络瘀阻和风湿内扰是IgAN的常见和重要的兼夹证候。     

200例糖尿病周围神经病变患者中医证候调查分析

目的 探讨糖尿病周围神经病变的中医证候分型规律.方法 采集糖尿病周围神经病变患者的临床病例(症状表现),建立糖尿病周围神经病变临床症状的数据库.最后采用聚类分析的统计方法,对糖尿病周围神经病变患者的中医证候分型规律进行统计分析.结果 糖尿病周围神经病变临床证候可分为毒瘀神络、气阴两虚,毒瘀神络、气阳两虚和毒瘀神络、阴阳两虚三类.结论 研究结果有一定的局限性,但在一定程度上可以反应目前临床糖尿病周围神经病变患者常出现的证型.     

隐匿性肾炎的中医辨证与肾病理的关系--附81例病例分析

目的：探讨隐匿性肾炎的中医辨证与肾病理的关系。方法：选择隐匿性肾炎肾活检患者81例，辨证分型为肾气不足、肾阴不足、气阴两虚3型，进行病理观察。结果：中医诊断“尿血”者IgAN的发病率最高，无兼夹证患者病理表现最轻；风湿热证患者总体病理表现不重，但细胞性新月体发生最高；血瘀及湿瘀证的病理则重，急慢性指标均重于无兼夹证患者。结论：中医辨证与肾脏病理之间有着一定的相关性。     

原发性局灶节段性肾小球硬化患者中医证型分布 与临床、病理关系及预后分析*

目的 探讨原发性局灶节段性肾小球硬化（pFSGS）患者中医证型与临床病理及预后相关性。方法 选取1996年至2012年期间住院行肾活检连续确诊的pFSGS患者,收集患者中医证候、临床病理资料,并进行随访,探讨其相关性。结果 （1）纳入102例pFSGS,均有脉络瘀阻证,占100%,无单一证型者;二联证有66例,占64.7%,其中气阴两虚、脉络瘀阻（气阴二联证）24例,占23.5%,风湿内扰、脉络瘀阻（风湿二联证）42例,占41.2%;气阴两虚、脉络瘀阻、风湿内扰（三联证）36例,占35.3%。（2）风湿二联证及三联证二者尿蛋白定量、NS患者比例、尿NAG/Cr、血总胆固醇、HDL、LDL均较气阴二联证高（P<0.05）,血清白蛋白、IgG水平较气阴二联证低（P<0.05）。（3）IgM免疫沉积率以风湿二联证最高,达76.3%,较气阴二联证差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。（4）纳入pFSGS患者以非特异病理亚型为主,3组证型分布差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,塌陷型2例分别具风湿二联证和三联证,尖端型4例均具风湿二联证,门部型平均分布于3组证型中。（5）随访患者中新进展至终点事件有5例,分别具风湿二联证2例和三联证3例,但生存分析3组无差异（P>0.05）。结论 PFSGS患者以二联证为主要证型,其中以风湿二联证及三联证临床表现较重,预后相对较差。     

慢性肾衰竭正虚证候演变规律初探

目的 :探讨慢性肾衰竭不同分期的正虚证型演变规律。方法 :按照慢性肾衰竭正虚辨证分型标准制订调查表 ,对 339例住院病例进行证候调查 ,判定正虚类型。结果 :代偿期、失代偿期正虚诸证分布无统计学差异 (χ2 =0 .99,P >0 .0 5 ) ;四期诸证整体比较 (χ2 =10 7.16 ,P <0 .0 1) ,差别有高度统计学意义。结论 :慢性肾衰竭正虚诸证演变大致是脾肾气虚 (气阴两虚 )→脾肾阳虚→阴阳两虚。     

糖尿病周围神经病变的中医证型分布规律研究

目的:探讨糖尿病周围神经病变中医证型分布规律,为糖尿病周围神经病变的中医辨证分型提供依据,进而为有效的指导临床论治,提升治疗效果.方法:通过对200例确诊为糖尿病周围神经病变的患者进行回顾性分析,根据<糖尿病中医防治指南>对该病的分型标准,按照统计学方法,探讨该病的证型分布规律.结果:本病证型分布由大到小依次为:气虚血瘀型＞阴虚血瘀型＞痰瘀阻络型＞肝肾亏虚型,病机演变过程:随着糖尿病的发展糖尿病周围神经病变按照气(阴)虚血瘀→气阴两虚血瘀→阳虚血瘀→肝肾亏虚血瘀的规律而演变.结论:阴亏是发生DPN的关键;气虚是迁延不愈的症结;阳虚是发展的必然趋势;血瘀贯穿DPN的始终.     

两广地区100例隐匿性IgA肾病中医证型分布的研究

目的:进一步探索隐匿性IgA肾病的中医证型分布规律.方法:收集广西中医学院附属瑞康医院肾内科、广东省中医院珠海医院肾病专科、桂林市人民医院肾内科、柳州市中医院肾内科、北海市中医院肾内科5所医院2005年5月-2007年5月,且均经肾穿刺确诊为隐匿性IgA肾病患者100例资料进行中医辨证分型.结果:在100例隐匿性患者中,分为本证与标证两大类,本证气阴两虚证48例,占48%,肝肾阴虚证22例,占22%,脾肾气虚证20例,占20%,脾肾阳虚证10例,占10%.气阴两虚证所占比例最多,而脾肾阳虚证所占比例最少.标证下焦湿热证38例,占38%,风湿内扰证34例,占34%,风热伤络证14例,占14%,脉络瘀阻证14例,占14%.下焦湿热证所占比例最多,而风热伤络证和脉络瘀阻证所占比例最少.结论:隐匿性IgA肾病本证以气阴两虚证居多,标证以下焦湿热证居多.益气养阴,清热利湿法为隐匿性IgA肾病的主要治疗方法.     

中医辨证治疗紫癜性肾炎60例临床观察

目的探讨中医辨证治疗紫癜性肾炎的临床疗效.方法根据60例患者证候表现,分为风热夹湿兼瘀血型,肺脾两虚、气阴不足型,脾虚湿盛兼瘀血型,脾肾两虚、寒湿壅滞型,分别施以不同方剂冶疗,同时于初期或急性期西药辅助治疗.结果60例患者治愈46例,有效率为76.6%,好转9例,无效5例,总有效率91.6%.结论运用中医学整体观念,注重辨证分型,必要时配合少量西药短期治疗,后期撤退,治疗紫癜性肾炎,疗程较短,疗效肯定.     

原发性肾小球疾病临床病理类型与中医辨证分型的关系探讨—附116例分析

本文报告116例原发性肾小球疾病的中医辨证分型和临床病理类型的关系.发现中医辨证分型与肾活检病理类型有一定内在联系.中医辨证以气虚为主的证型,其病理损害较阴虚为主或气阴两虚证型轻.认为临床应重视气虚、气阴两虚的辨证治疗.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.