彩色多普勒火海征诊断甲状腺机能亢进病的诊断价值

1995-01-2000-01,我们对应用彩色多普勒彩超诊断的所有甲状腺疾病中具有火海征特征的71例病例,分析其疾病来源、年龄阶段及性别特点,探讨彩色多普勒甲状腺火海征在甲状腺机能亢进病中的特异性价值。1资料与方法1.1临床资料全部病例为1995-01-2000-01彩超诊断报告存档资料,其中男20例,女51例;年     

甲状腺恶性肿瘤的超声特点分析

目的探讨甲状腺恶性肿瘤的超声显像特点,提高诊断准确率。方法对28例经病理证实的甲状腺恶性肿瘤进行二维及彩色多普勒检查。结果20例（71．4％）为实性低回声,15例（52．6％）为单发病灶,结节内微小钙化发生18例（64．3％）,彩色多普勒血流显像（CDFI）：Ⅲ型血流18例（64．3％）,RI0．64±0．11。结论多数甲状腺恶性肿瘤的超声表现具有特征性,综合分析可提高诊断准确率。     

彩色多普勒血流显像对甲状腺疾病的诊断与鉴别

目的探讨彩色多普勒血流显像对甲状腺疾病的诊断和鉴别价值。方法采用彩色多普勒血流显像（CDFI）对128例经手术和病理证实的甲状腺疾病进行了分析，并与病理组织检查对照。结果与病理相对照，CDFI对结节性甲状腺肿的病变诊断符合率为94．0％（47／50），桥本甲状腺炎病变诊断符合率为94．1％（16/17），甲状腺腺瘤病变诊断符合率为95．6％（44/46），甲状腺癌病变诊断符合率为86．6％（13／15）。结论彩色多普勒超声在甲状腺疾病的诊断中具有较高的应用价值和鉴别价值。     

原发性甲状腺功能亢进的彩色多普勒血流动力学评价

目的以彩色多普勒超声分析原发性甲状腺功能亢进(简称甲亢)患者甲状腺血流动力学变化,探讨彩色多普勒血流显像对甲亢的诊断价值.方法二维超声显像观察41例甲亢患者及30例正常人甲状腺的大小、形态,分析内部回声变化,测量其大小;然后应用彩色多普勒血流显像观察内部血流分布状态,测量甲状腺上动脉收缩期最大血流速度(Vmax)、阻力指数(RI)和心率(HR)等.结果甲亢组甲状腺显示密集均匀型和粗糙不均匀回声,甲状腺上动脉Vmax(121.6±24.8cm/s),HR(102.8±17.5次/min),与正常甲状腺Vmax(25.43±4.27cm/s),HR(74.5±9.4次/min)相比有显著差异(P＜0.01),阻力指数无明显差异(P＞0.05).结论彩色多普勒超声对甲亢的诊断具有重要价值.     

彩色多普勒超声对甲状腺疾病的诊断价值

目的：探讨彩色多普勒超声诊断甲状腺疾病的价值。方法：分析了282例甲状腺疾病的彩色多普勒超声表现和结果，并与病理及实验室对照。结果：甲状腺恶性病变诊断符合率为86．3％（19/22），良性病变的诊断符合率为92．6％（241/260）。结论：应用二维声像图特征，结合彩色多普勒及脉冲多普勒血流参数测值，可以做出较准确的诊断。     

弥漫性甲状腺肿大的彩色多普勒超声鉴别

目的评价彩色多普勒超声鉴别诊断弥漫性甲状腺肿大的价值.材料与方法153例弥漫性甲状腺肿大患者,根据临床诊断分为甲状腺机能亢进(甲亢)组,单纯性甲状腺肿大组,甲状腺炎组和正常对照组,以彩色多普勒超声检查观察两侧甲状腺的血流分布情况,测定甲状腺上动脉的内径、收缩期峰值、阻力指数和血流量进行对比分析.结果甲状腺不同病变其血流信号及血流参数各不相同.结论彩色多普勒超声对弥漫性甲状腺肿大具有鉴别诊断价值.     

甲状腺“火海征”的超声分析及鉴别诊断

目的：分析彩色多普勒血流成像（CDFI）检查甲状腺时出现“火海征”的相关疾病的声像图特征,并对其进行鉴别诊断。方法回顾分析我院85例CDFI呈“火海征”甲状腺的大小形态、内部回声,观测甲状腺上动脉血流频谱特征、峰值流速及阻力指数（RI）。结果毒性弥漫性甲状腺肿（甲亢）、慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎（桥本甲状腺炎）、亚临床甲状腺功能低下（亚甲低）CDFI均可出现“火海征”,但各自声像图特征及甲状腺上动脉血流频谱、峰值流速及RI存在差异。结论甲状腺CDFI出现“火海征”多见于甲亢,但并不是甲亢所特有,在桥本甲状腺炎及亚甲低等甲状腺疾病中都可出现“火海征”声像图,应结合各自声像图表现及甲状腺上动脉频谱、流速及RI改变加以鉴别。     

甲状腺机能亢进性心脏病49例临床研究

目的对我院92～97年住院的甲状腺机能亢进性心脏病(甲亢心病)人进行临床研究。方法对其发病性别、年龄、病程、甲状腺功能状态及心脏的表现进行分析。结果 甲亢心病患老占甲亢住院人数的20．8％。其发生与甲亢的年龄及病程显相关(P＜0．05)，其中以结节性甲状腺肿的发生率高，而与甲状腺功能状态、T3、T4水平无密切关系(P>0．05)。甲无心病中以心脏扩大改变为主，经抗甲状腺药物治疗后，甲亢心病症状、体征好转。结论甲无心病是甲亢中严重的并发症，然而早期心脏结构及功能的改变是可逆的，对于甲亢心病应极早诊断，极早治疗。     

彩色多普勒超声用于甲状腺诊断的临床价值

目的：分析彩色多普勒超声对甲状腺良恶性肿瘤的诊断价值。方法分析收治的118例甲状腺肿瘤的多普勒超声图像及诊断资料，并与病理结果进行比较。结果超声诊断112例，病理确诊118例，诊断符合率为94.9％，甲状腺肿瘤诊断符合率高于一般检查。采用彩色多普勒超声诊断甲状腺良恶性肿瘤的诊断正确率高于一般检查。结论采用彩色多普勒超声用于甲状腺诊断可清晰的区分甲状腺肿块良恶性，具有准确率高、直观、清晰等优势，具有一定的临床推广价值。     

彩色多普勒超声诊断良恶性甲状腺结节的参考价值

目的分析良、恶性甲状腺结节的彩色多普勒超声表现,以提高超声诊断和鉴别诊断良、恶性甲状腺结节的价值。方法回顾性分析经手术、病理明确诊断的157个良、恶性甲状腺结节的彩色多普勒超声表现,良、恶性结节的形态、回声、钙化特点、彩色多普勒血流图血流信号分布等。结果157个甲状腺结节经病理诊断,其中 90个为良性结节,67个为恶性结节;本组病例彩色多普勒超声检查的特异性为92.2%,敏感性为80.6%,诊断符合率为87.2%;彩色多普勒超声图像显示甲状腺良、恶性结节的形态、边界、包膜、回声、血流信号分布、内部钙化情况、血流阻力指数值比较,差异比较均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论彩色多普勒超声可诊断甲状腺病变,依据重要的参考指标,可评价甲状腺结节的良、恶性。     

Color-flow Doppler sonography in Graves disease: "thyroid inferno"

Graves disease is a common diffuse abnormality of the thyroid gland usually characterized by thyrotoxicosis. We performed color-flow Doppler sonography in 16 patients with Graves disease and compared the results with those in 15 normal volunteers and 14 patients with other thyroid diseases (eight with multinodular goiter, four with focal masses, and two with papillary thyroid carcinoma). All 16 Graves disease patients exhibited a pulsatile pattern we call "thyroid inferno." This pattern consists of multiple small areas of intrathyroidal flow seen diffusely throughout the gland in both systole and diastole. In systole, both high-velocity flow (color coded white) and lower velocity flow (color coded red and blue) were noted. In diastole, fewer areas of flow and lower velocity flow were noted. Patients with Graves disease also exhibited color flow around the periphery of the gland. The inferno pattern did not occur in normal subjects or in patients with other thyroid diseases. On occasion, focal areas of intrathyroidal flow were detected in patients with multinodular goiter and focal thyroid masses. High-resolution gray-scale images did not show the small vascular channels from which the flow signal originated. Color-flow Doppler sonography shows promise as a cost-effective, noninvasive technique for diagnosing Graves disease.     

MR imaging of the thyroid: correlation between apparent diffusion coefficient and thyroid gland scintigraphy

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of echo-planar MR imaging for assessing the thyroid function and confirm the clinical use of MR imaging for thyroid diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-four patients with a variety of thyroid disorders (24 Graves disease; five subacute thyroiditis; five Hashimoto thyroiditis) were examined using T1-, T2-, and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and thyroid scintigraphy with Tc-99m pertechnetate. RESULTS: The ADC values obtained from the diffusion-weighted images of the patients with Graves disease were significantly higher than those of patients with subacute hyroiditis and Hashimoto thyroiditis, though no difference among those disorders was observed on T1- and T2-weighted images. Based on the ADC value, anisotropy was not observed in the thyroid gland. An ADC value of 1.82 x 10(-3) mm(2)/second or higher indicated the presence of Graves disease (sensitivity 75%, specificity 80%). CONCLUSION: Diffusion-weighted MR images may be of value for the diagnosis of thyroid diseases and could be clinically important in the evaluation of thyroid function.     

甲状腺疾病的介入诊治应深入研究慎重开展

甲状腺疾病的介入诊治有许多问题需要研究:如甲状腺的解剖基础,特别是甲状腺供血动脉的交通吻合、与疗效和并发症有关的介入解剖影像学研究;甲状腺栓塞治疗的适应证,现主要是作为传统经典疗法难于处理的Graves病的替代或补充方法,但也在作扩大适应证范围的探索;介入栓塞Graves病栓塞范围、栓塞水平和栓塞程度与疗效的关系;相对准确的个体量化指标;栓塞治疗甲状腺功能亢进(甲亢)主要是使甲状腺素的分泌腺减少,但同时也可能在甲状腺细胞增殖与凋亡的调节和免疫调节等诸多方面发挥综合性作用.由于甲状腺疾病介入治疗容易产生严重并发症,如脑梗死、甲亢危象、低钙血症、周期性麻痹等,需加强对并发症防治的探索与研究.甲状腺疾病介入治疗尚属起步,应采取积极慎重的态度深入开展研究.     

高频彩超诊断视网膜中央动脉硬化的临床应用研究

目的探讨高频彩超诊断视网膜中央动脉硬化的临床应用价值。方法使用高频彩超检查40例眼底动脉硬化患者视网膜中央动脉,分析频谱形态,测量频谱收缩期、舒张期血流速度、阻力指数以及搏动指数。同时与正常组对照。结果眼底视网膜中央动脉硬化患病组彩色血流信号减少;舒张末期血流速度减慢;收缩期波峰园钝;舒张期血流低平、中断;血管阻力指数和搏动指数明显增大。结论视网膜中央动脉硬化有其彩色多谱勒血流和频谱异常表现特点。高频彩色多谱勒超声诊断该病有较充分的理论依据,有一定的临床诊断价值。     

彩色多普勒超声诊断甲状腺肿瘤的价值

目的：探讨甲状腺肿瘤在彩色多普勒超声显像中的特征及诊断价值。材料和方法：３７４例甲状腺肿瘤患者,术前经超声检查,术后病理证实。结果：①恶性肿瘤钙化率为６０％,高于良性肿瘤。②恶性肿瘤囊变率为２５％。低于良性肿瘤。③恶性肿瘤单侧叶单结节发病高于良性肿瘤。④恶性肿瘤周边晕环内ＣＤＦＩ无血流信号,良性肿瘤晕环内有血流信号显示。⑤恶性肿瘤动脉最高峰值为１６１ｍ／ｓ,良性肿瘤为１４７ｍ／ｓ,两者无明显差异。结论：彩色多普勒超声在甲状腺肿瘤诊断中具有十分重要的价值。     

Renal arterial stenosis: prospective comparison of color Doppler US and breath-hold, three-dimensional, dynamic, gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography

PURPOSE: To compare color Doppler ultrasonography (US) with fast, breath-hold, three-dimensional, gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) angiography in detecting renal arterial stenosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-five patients with clinical suspicion of renovascular disease were prospectively examined with intra- and extrarenal color Doppler US and breath-hold, gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography. Digital subtraction arteriography (DSA) was the standard of reference in all patients for the number of renal arteries and degree of stenosis. RESULTS: DSA depicted 103 arteries and 52 stenoses. Color Doppler US was nondiagnostic in two examinations. Significantly more of 13 accessory renal arteries were detected with MR angiography (n = 12) than with color Doppler US (n = 3; P <.05). For assessing all stenoses, the sensitivity and accuracy were 94% and 91%, respectively, for MR angiography and 71% and 76%, respectively, for US (P <.05). The sensitivity was higher for MR angiography (100%) than for US (79%; P <.05) in diagnosing stenoses with at least 50% narrowing. The specificity, accuracy, and negative predictive value in diagnosing stenoses of at least 50% narrowing were 93%, 95%, and 100% for MR angiography and 93%, 89%, and 90% for US. CONCLUSION: Breath-hold, gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography is superior to color Doppler US in accessory renal artery detection. Although the specificity of MR angiography is similar to that of color Doppler US, MR angiography has a better sensitivity and negative predictive value in depicting renal arterial stenoses.     

彩色多普勒超声在门静脉海绵样变性中的诊断价值

目的:探讨二维超声和彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI)在门静脉海绵样变性中的诊断价值。方法:使用彩色多普勒超声对17例门静脉海绵样变性患者的门静脉系统的走向、管腔、管壁、受累静脉及血流情况等进行观察分析。结果:门静脉海绵样变性的二维超声与CDFI具有特征性表现,其声像特异,诊断准确可靠。结论:彩色多普勒超声能客观反映门静脉海绵样变性的部位、性质及血流特点,具有十分重要的临床应用价值,可作为本病诊断的为首选检查方法。     

Effect of Lugol's iodine on the vascularity of thyroid gland in hyperthyroidism

Vascularity of the thyroid gland was measured in twenty thyrotoxic patients (including Graves and multinodular goitres) and eight normal subjects by a new objective parameter--'Thyroid Vascularity Index' (TVI). The TVI was calculated by comparing the areas under the normalized thyroid and carotid artery curves up to the time of peak of the arterial curve caused by the first passage of a radioactive bolus. Compared to normal thyroid, all the toxic goitres had increased TVI (p less than 0.001); it being maximum in Graves disease (p less than 0.05). TVI in Graves disease was not affected by carbimazole therapy but decreased dramatically in eight out of ten patients (p less than 0.01) two weeks after Lugol's iodine was added. There was a sustained fall in TVI in all the ten patients (p less than 0.001) with chronic iodine therapy up to six weeks without any hormonal escape. TVI in multinodular goitres showed no significance change with carbimazole or iodine therapy.