急性一氧化碳中毒后迟发性脑病的诱发电位、CT和脑电图研究

目的：研究急性一氧化碳中毒后迟发性脑病（ＤＥＡＣＭＰ）患者的诱发电位（ＥＰ）、ＣＴ和脑电图（ＥＥＧ）。方法：对４６例ＤＥＡＣＭＰ患者进行ＥＰ、ＣＴ和ＥＥＧ检查。结果：异常率体感诱发电位（ＳＥＰ）８３％、视觉诱发电位（ＶＥＰ）６３％，脑干听觉诱发电位（ＢＡＥＰ）３０％，ＣＴ７１％，ＥＥＧ１００％。ＳＥＰ中的Ｐ４０、Ｎ５０、Ｐ６０和Ｎ７５峰潜伏期（ＰＬ）比正常对照组显著延长。ＶＥＰ的Ｐ１００ＰＬ较对照组明显延长。ＢＡＥＰ的Ⅰ、Ⅲ和Ⅴ波ＰＬ及Ⅰ—Ⅲ、Ⅲ—Ⅴ和Ⅰ—Ⅴ峰间期（ＩＰＬ）与对照组比较无显著性差异。结论：ＥＰ、ＣＴ和ＥＥＧ结合临床观察，对ＤＥＡＣＭＰ的定位诊断、病情判断与预后评估均有意义。     

肝豆状核变性治疗前后 BAEP 的对比分析

６５例肝豆状核变性（ＨＬＤ）患者驱铜治疗前与治疗２个月后，分别进行脑干听觉诱发电位（ＢＡＥＰ）检测，观察其潜伏期（ＰＬ）和峰间期（ＩＰＬ）的变化，并选用３８例健康人为对照组。结果表明，ＨＬＤ患者ＢＡＥＰ的ＰＬ和ＩＰＬ较正常对照组明显延长，主要表现为Ⅲ、Ⅴ波ＰＬ及Ⅲ－Ⅴ、Ⅰ－ⅤＩＰＬ延长，从而提示铜离子在ＨＬＤ患者脑内沉积损害了脑干听觉传导通路。经驱铜治疗后，临床症状有明显的改善，同时ＢＡＥＰ亦显示各波ＰＬ和ＩＰＬ较疗前显著好转。男女患者治疗前的异常率分别为２２％和１９％，治疗后降至９％和７％（Ｐ＜０．０５，Ｐ＜０．０１），ＢＡＥＰ的好转与临床症状的改善一致。     

犬脑干缺血后脑干听觉诱发电位的研究

建立犬脑干局灶性缺血模型，观察脑干局灶性缺血后脑干听觉诱发电位（ＢＡＥＰ）的变化。结果发现犬脑干缺血０．５、１、１．５、３、６和１２ｈ缺血组（ＩＳ）ＢＡＥＰ的Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ｖ各波潜伏期（ＰＬ）及Ⅰ－Ⅲ、Ⅲ－Ｖ、Ⅰ－Ｖ波的峰间期（ＩＰＬ）与假手术组（ＳＨ）相比较均非常明显地延长（Ｐ＜０．０１），以１～１．５ｈ延长最显著（ｒ＜０．０１），３ｈ后各值逐渐缩短。提示ＢＡＥＰ可反映犬脑干缺血后的脑干损害，可客观地评价脑干功能。     

全麻病人用纳络酮催醒时的BAEP

观察全麻病人用纳络酮催醒时的脑干诱发电位（ＢＡＥＰ）变化。结果表明，全麻诱导期Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ波的潜伏期都较清醒时延长，在麻醉维持期（催醒前）则进一步延长（Ｐ＜０．０１）。静注纳络酮后各波的ＰＬ均缩短，Ⅰ～Ⅲ，Ⅲ～Ⅴ，Ⅰ～Ⅴ波的波间期亦缩短，提示ＢＡＥＰ的变化可作为判断麻醉深浅的客观指标，用ＢＡＥＰ变化来观察纳络酮催醒具有准确和灵敏的特点。     

脑干诱发电位V／I波幅比值和耳蜗电图对椎基底动脉供血不足的诊断价值

本文报告确诊为椎基底动脉供血不足者４２例（８４支耳），对其进行脑干诱发电位（ＡＢＲ）和耳蜗电图（ＥＣｏｃｈＧ）两项检测在本病时的应用价值研究。ＡＢＲ中Ⅰ—Ⅲ波ＩＰＬ延长（＞２．３０ｍｓ）占２０％．Ⅰ—Ⅴ波ＩＰＬ（＞４．５ｍｓ）占１２％，Ｉ／Ｖ比值）１．０占５８％。ＥＣｏｃｈＧ中ＡＰ（Ｎ１）下降占８４．５％，Ｎ２＞Ｎ１占２６％，ＳＰ／ＡＰ比值＞０．３７占２５％。认为利用单项ＡＢＲ或ＥＣｏｃｈＧ检测结果诊断椎基底动脉供血不足是不够全面的。     

语言学习困难儿童BAEP的观察与分析

目的：分析并探讨脑干听觉诱发电位（ＢＡＥＰ）在语言学习困难儿童中的变化规律及应用价值。方法：对１１０例患儿根据不同病因分为五组，结合正常对照，进行ＢＡＥＰ描记分析。结果：患儿ＢＡＥＰ总异常率为８４％，其中５１％为双侧ＢＡＥＰ各波消失；２１％为单侧ＢＡＥＰ各波消失，伴另侧ＢＡＥＰ各波潜伏期延长；１２％为双侧Ⅲ－Ⅴ波潜伏期及Ⅰ－Ⅲ、Ⅲ－Ⅴ峰间期延长。结论：ＢＡＥＰ对于语言学习困难儿童的听力损害及传导路径的异常可以提供有用的客观指标     

家兔实验性呼吸暂停对脑干听觉诱发电位影响

通过家兔实验性呼吸暂停（ａｐｎｅａ），对脑干听觉诱发电位影响的研究，探讨睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（ｓｌｅｅｐａｐｎｅａｓｙｎｄｒｏｍｅ，ＳＡＳ）的发病机制。实验组颈动脉窦区注入枸橼酸钠，引起家兔呼吸运动暂停；以脑干听觉诱发电位（ｂｒａｉｎａｕｄｉｔｏｒｙｅｖｏｋｅｄｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌ，ＢＡＥＰ）为指标，比较实验组与对照组各波波幅和潜伏期的变化。结果表明Ⅰ幅度降低，Ⅲ、Ⅴ波潜伏期延长。呼吸暂停发生时即伴有ＢＡＥＰ异常     

28例三叉神经痛患者BAEP检测报告

目的探讨三叉神经痛患者脑干听觉诱发电位（ＢＡＥＰ）检测的意义。方法利用神经电诊仪对２８例患者进行ＢＡＥＰ检测。结果２４例原发性三叉神经痛患者中ＢＡＥＰ异常者１９例（７９％），表现多为同侧或双侧Ⅰ波、Ⅲ波分化差，潜伏期延长。４例胆脂瘤所致的继发性三叉神经痛患者ＢＡＥＰ全部异常，表现为Ⅲ波、Ⅴ波分化差或波形缺失。结论ＢＡＥＰ是三叉神经痛辅助诊断的一个敏感指标，尤其对鉴别原发性和继发性三叉神经痛具有重要意义，从而对决定手术方式具有指导作用。     

兔脑缺血的视觉和听觉诱发电位的变化

阻断兔双侧椎动脉（ＢＶＡ）和左颈总动脉（ＬＣＣＡ）后，夹闭右颈总动脉（ＲＣＣＡ）３、５、７ｍｉｎ，松开ＲＣＣＡ再灌流，记录听觉脑干诱发电位（ＢＡＥＰｓ）、中潜伏期听觉诱发电位（ＭＡＥＰｓ）以及视觉诱发电位（ＶＥＰｓ）。发现不全阻断脑血流后２．５ｍｉｎ，ＭＡＥＰｓ Ｎ０消失；４．５ｍｉｎ，ＶＥＰｓ Ｎ１和Ｐ２消失，ＢＡＦＰ３ Ⅰ～Ⅴ波峰值潜伏期延长，而振幅无明显变化。完全阻断脑血流１．５ｍｉｎ，ＶＥ     

海风藤对犬脑干缺血后BAEP的影响

目的观察海风藤对犬脑干缺血后脑干听觉诱发电位（ＢＡＥＰ）的影响。方法建立犬脑干缺血模型，给药组和对照组各２０只犬，分别于阻断基底动脉前３ｈ向十二指肠注入海风藤溶液（按０．３ｇ／ｋｇ）和等体积生理盐水，于缺血前和缺血后０．５、３、６和１２ｈ分别记录ＢＡＥＰ。结果给药组ＢＡＥＰ的Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ波潜伏期和Ⅰ－Ⅲ、Ⅲ－Ⅴ、Ⅰ－Ⅴ波峰间期明显缩短。结论海风藤可改善犬脑干对缺血的耐受程度，减小半暗带的范围，减轻病变的程度。     

The "second disease" and "second nature"

An idea about the second disease as a metamorphosis when the phenomenon of one nature is transformed into phenomenon of the second nature is proposed. There are three stages in the development of the second disease: origin, when clinical and morphological features of initial and new nosologic forms coexist; formation-distinct groups of features of a new nosologic form which preserved a link to the first disease; separation of this new nosologic form with its typical clinical and morphological features. The second disease is metamorphosis of the first disease which develops into a new nosologic entity under the influence of exogenous or endogenous factors.     

Motoneurones "learn" and "forget" physical activity.

In spite of our knowledge of activity related adaptations in supraspinal neurones and skeletal muscles, very little is known concerning adaptations in alpha-motoneurones to alterations in chronic activity levels. Recent evidence shows that the biophysical properties of alpha-motoneurones are plastic and adapt to both increases and decreases in chronic activation. The nature of the adaptations--in resting membrane potential, spike threshold, afterhyper-polarization amplitude,and rate of depolarization during spike generation--point to involvement of density, type, location, and/or metabolic modulation of ion conductance channels in the motoneuronal membrane. These changes will have significant effects on how motoneurones respond when activated during the generation of movements, and on the effort required to sustain activation during prolonged exercise. Since the adaptations most likely involve structural changes in the motoneurones and changes in protein synthesis, and change the output response of the cells to input, they are considered to be learning responses. Future research directions for examining this issue are outlined.