松果体区肿瘤的治疗策略选择

目的探讨关于松果体区肿瘤治疗方式的选择。 方法回顾性分析解放军第九六〇医院神经外科自2004年9月至2016年12月收治的21例松果体区肿瘤患者的临床资料,根据不同的组织学类型对患者采用不同的治疗方式,并随访观察预后情况。 结果本组患者中显微手术9例,穿刺活检4例,脑室镜下活检4例,脑室-腹腔分流术后行实验性放射治疗4例。死亡2例,19例随访6个月~15年,生活自理、轻残者8例,中残者4例,重残者1例,失访者6例。 结论松果体区肿瘤应根据肿瘤的组织学类型、患者年龄、是否合并脑积水而决定治疗方式：生殖细胞瘤者尽快选择全脑、全脊髓放射治疗,儿童生殖细胞瘤者建议先行化学治疗后再行低剂量的放射治疗,合并脑积水的患者应解除脑积水症状后再行其他治疗。     

松果体区病变的外科治疗策略

目的观察不同方法治疗松果体区病变的疗效,探讨其治疗策略。方法回顾性分析治疗后严密随访的25例松果体区病变患者的临床资料。25例患者中行病变全切除术10例、次全切除术2例（手术组）,行脑室—腹腔（V-P）分流术加放疗13例（对照组）。结果手术组和对照组患者出院时临床症状改善率分别为91.7%和92.3%（P〉0.05）,随访26个月时手术组和对照组KPS分别为（95±6.74）和（52.3±23.5）分（P〈0.01）,两组病变缓解率分别为75%和23.1%（P〈0.05）。结论手术切除松果体区病变的远期疗效优于V-P分流术加放疗。显微手术全切病灶是治疗松果体区病变的首选方法。     

经肛门微创手术治疗直肠肿瘤的可行性分析

目的评价经肛门微创手术（transanal minimally invasive surgery,TAMIS）临床疗效,以期为患者提供更好的手术方式选择。 方法回顾性分析2012年7月至2014年9月间在哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院结直肠肿瘤外科接受直肠肿物局部切除术患者52例,其中TAMIS组30例,传统经肛门切除组（TAE）22例,对患者进行系统随访,并详细记录其临床资料。 结果TAMIS组手术患者平均手术时间41.5（25~90）分钟。平均住院时间3（1~4）天。SILS Port平均安装时间3（1~5）分钟,TAE组手术患者平均手术时间55（25~110）分钟。平均住院时间3（1~4）天。52例患者手术均获得完整切除,未见切缘阳性患者。共发生术后短期内肛门括约肌功能异常1例,术后尿潴留1例,术后肛门出血1例。两组患者肿物距离肛缘距离方面差异有显著的统计学意义,TAMIS术能够获得更为广泛的手术范围;TAMIS组手术时间更短（41.5分钟,P<0.05）;在肛门功能影响方面,TAMIS组患者便失禁严重程度评分下降明显（P=0.002）,肛门功能恢复良好;患者术后疼痛强度评分低于TAE手术组（P=0.001）,经过数学分析得到TAMIS曲线公式为Y=-13.15ln（x）＋79.563。根据手术时间二次求导曲线图,第12例为拐点,提示前12例为学习阶段。 结论经肛门微创可通过常规腹腔镜器械完成,手术学习曲线平滑,易于掌握,肛门功能损伤小,术后疼痛轻微,手术范围广,术野清晰,在直肠良性肿物或早期直肠癌的局部切除中具有良好的疗效。     

两种微创手术治疗前列腺增生症的出血情况比较

近年临床实践证明,经尿道选择性光前列腺汽化术（PVP）是治疗良性前列腺增生症比较理想的微创术式。2004年10月-2005年8月,为了探讨PVP手术的微创情况,我们对比测量了经尿道选择性光前列腺汽化术和经尿道前列腺电切术的出血量。现报告如下。     

中分化松果体实质肿瘤诊断及治疗研究进展

中分化松果体实质肿瘤是一种较少见的中枢神经系统肿瘤,关于其生物学特性尚不十分清楚,治疗仍存在较大争议。手术全切肿瘤仍是治疗中分化松果体实质肿瘤的理想方法,但因其恶性程度及术后复发率高,患者预后通常较差。近年来随着神经影像学、肿瘤病理学及显微外科手术的发展,中分化松果体实质肿瘤的诊断和治疗取得较大进步。本文就该肿瘤的临床表现、病理诊断和治疗等作一综述。     

岩斜区肿瘤的手术治疗

岩斜区肿瘤的手术治疗青岛医学院附属医院（２６６００３）孟庆海孙鹏孟广远刘国华＊１９８６年以来，我院采用手术治疗岩斜区肿瘤１５例，取得较满意效果。现报告如下。１资料与方法１．１临床资料本组男５例，女１０例；年龄２５～６８岁，平均４３岁。临床表现为面部麻...     

改良前外侧微创切口在胸部手术中的临床应用

目的观察改良前外侧微创切口在胸部手术中的应用效果。方法采用改良前外侧微创切口行上纵隔肿瘤、肺手术切除185例,并与同期常规胸部手术切口标准后外侧切口进行比较。结果改良前外侧微创切口小、创伤小、疼痛轻、术后恢复快、住院时间短、手术视野暴露充分、纵隔淋巴结清扫不受影响。结论改良前外侧微创切口值得在胸部手术中推广应用。     

老年高血压基底节区脑出血患者微创手术治疗效果及预后多因素分析

目的探讨老年高血压基底节区脑出血患者微创手术治疗效果及其预后影响因素。方法回顾性分析193例实施微创手术的高血压基底节区脑出血患者的临床资料。结果 193例老年高血压基底节区脑出血患者术后3个月内死亡率为31.6%,预后良好组109例,预后不良组84例。预后良好组格拉斯哥预后评分(GOS)和格拉斯哥昏迷评分(GCS)明显高于预后不良组(P<0.05)。老年高血压基底节区脑出血患者手术预后与术前GCS、出血量、破入脑室、手术时机、合并心血管疾病和术后并发症呈明显相关性(P<0.05)。Logistic回归模型分析显示术前GCS、出血量、破入脑室和术后并发症是影响老年高血压基底节区脑出血患者手术预后的独立危险因素(OR=8.124,5.161,4.096,6.358;P<0.05)。结论术前GCS、出血量、破入脑室和术后并发症是影响老年高血压基底节区脑出血患者手术预后的独立危险因素。     

肿瘤微创靶向治疗新进展

近年来,以灭活肿瘤细胞、消除肿瘤负荷为目的的微创局部消融治疗引起了广泛的关注,新的靶向消融治疗技术如冷冻、超声聚焦、粒子植入、微波、射频等物理靶向治疗方法的广泛开展,在失去手术治疗机会的肿瘤患者的治疗方面产生了巨大进步,为肿瘤综合治疗提供了一个新的治疗方法。     

甲状腺腺瘤微创手术治疗体会

甲状腺疾病在我地区属高发病，甲状腺腺瘤亦不少见。我院自２０００年至今收治的甲状腺腺瘤６８例，占同期甲状腺肿瘤的４２％。１临床资料１．１一般资料我院自２０００年２月至２００２年５月，共收治甲状腺腺瘤６８例，男１８例，女５０例，病程１个月至５年，单侧２６侧，双侧８例，峡部３４例。１．２检查１．２．１B超检查６８例均行B超检查，囊性结节２１例，实性结节２８例，囊实混合性结节１９例，均有完整包膜，１．２．２扫描检查术前行甲状腺１３１I扫描、热结节２６例，温结节４２例，各占３８％、６２％。１．２．３手术方…     

经胸骨正中小切口行心脏瓣膜手术130例临床经验总结

目的　探讨经胸骨正中小切口行各种心脏瓣膜手术的适应证和手术方法 ,并报告 130例临床结果。　方法　 4例单纯主动脉瓣置换采用胸骨上段切口 ,其余手术均经胸骨下段切口。胸骨上段切口自胸骨上凹至第三肋间并向两侧横断胸骨 ,皮切口长度 5cm～ 7cm ;胸骨下段之皮切口自第三胸肋关节水平至剑突根部 ,长度 9cm～13cm ,自下而上纵行劈开胸骨至第二或第一肋间处向右侧横断。手术采用常规体外循环 ,共行二尖瓣置换 6 6例 ,主动脉瓣置换 2 0例 ,主动脉瓣及二尖瓣双瓣置换 32例 ,二尖瓣成形 11例 ,单纯三尖瓣成形 1例。同期行左心房血栓清除 2 2例及三尖瓣DeVega环缩 35例。　结果　无手术死亡。平均主动脉阻断、体外循环和手术时间分别为 6 3分± 2 9分、92分± 32分和 191分± 4 7分 ;平均气管插管 12小时± 5 2小时 ;平均住院 14天± 6 8天。术后胸液量平均 345ml± 197ml(5 0ml± 170 0ml) ,有 82例患者 (6 3% )未输血。　结论　正中经胸骨小切口行心脏瓣膜手术安全可靠 ,美观 (胸骨下段入路 ) ,创伤小 ,出血少 ,保留了胸廓的连续性 ,早期结果满意。     

经胼胝体-穹窿间入路显微手术切除第三脑室和松果体区肿瘤并行终板造瘘术的疗效分析

目的探讨经胼胝体-透明隔-穹窿间入路显微手术方法切除第三脑室和松果体区肿瘤并行终板造瘘术的疗效,讨论显微解剖学的理论基础。方法对经胼胝体-透明隔-穹窿间入路显微手术切除第三脑室和松果体区肿瘤并行终板造瘘术29例患者的临床资料进行回顾分析。结果 29例在手术显微镜下行肿瘤全切除13例,次全切除7例,部分切除9例。均在处理完肿瘤后行终板造瘘术。结论经胼胝体-透明隔-穹窿间入路手术切除第三脑室和松果体区肿瘤系通过胚胎组织残留的透明隔间隙进入第三脑室,正常组织损伤极少,可在直视操作下切除第三脑室及松果体区肿瘤,肿瘤全切除或次全切除率高,对于未做肿瘤全切除及考虑术后局部组织肿胀或放疗期间局部肿胀致导水管开口梗阻者,可同时行终板造瘘术,以解决脑积水问题。     

A systematic review of minimally invasive surgery for retrorectal tumors

Retrorectal tumors are rare tumors that require resection for symptoms, malignancy and potential malignant transformation. Traditional approaches have included laparotomy, perineal excision or a combination. Multiple minimally invasive techniques are available which have the potential to minimize morbidity and enhance recovery. We performed a systematic review of the literature to determine the feasibility and surgical outcomes of retrorectal tumors approached using minimally invasive surgical techniques. Publications in which adult patients (≥?18 years) had a minimally invasive approach (laparoscopic or robotic) for resection of a primary retrorectal tumor were included. Data were collected on approach, preoperative investigation, size and sacral level of the tumor, operating time, length of stay, perioperative complications, margins and recurrence. Thirty-five articles which included a total of 82 patients met the inclusion criteria. The majority of patients were female (n?=?65; 79.2%), with a mean age of 41.7 years (range 18–89 years). Seventy-three patients (89.0%) underwent laparoscopic or combined laparoscopic–perineal resection, and 9 (10.8%) had a robotic approach. The conversion rate was 5.5%. The overall 30-day morbidity rate was 15.7%, including 1 intraoperative rectal injury (1.2%). Ninety-five percent (n?=?78) of the retrorectal tumors were benign. Median length of stay was 4 days for both laparoscopic and robotic groups, with ranges of 1–8 and 2–10 days, respectively. No tumor recurrence was noted during follow-up [median 28 months (range 5–71 months)]. A minimally invasive approach for the resection of retrorectal tumors is feasible in selected patients. Careful patient selection is necessary to avoid incomplete resection and higher morbidity than traditional approaches.     

Neuroendocrine, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study of pineal region tumors

Abstract: Thirteen patients with tumors in the pineal region were submitted to pre- and post-operative blood sampling (08:00, 14:00, 20:00, and 02:00 hr) for three or four consecutive days. A single cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sample was collected at surgery, and melatonin levels determined. In all patients, serum and CSF beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotrophin (βHCG), carcino embryonic antigen (CEA), and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels were measured. Histology revealed four pineocytomas, one pineoblastoma, four germinomas, one immature teratoma, one pilocytic astrocytoma, one lymphoma, and one meningioma. Serum and CSF levels of serological biomarkers were normal, except for one of the germinoma cases. In most patients, alteration either in the circadian rhythm or in the melatonin concentration was observed before surgery. In benign neoplasms the circadian rhythm was conserved. In pineoblastoma, lymphoma, and three out of four germinomas, melatonin concentrations were undetectable. In one case of germinoma, melatonin levels were high, with the circadian rhythm being abolished. According to conventional histology, all germinomas were similar. Therefore, in a rare case of pineal germinoma with high melatonin levels, the tissue was subjected to an in depth investigation (immunohistochemical and ultrastructural) in order to determine the pathology and the possible differences from the other typical germinomas. Results were compared to those provided from other pineal neoplasms. Electron microscopy examination detected the presence of clusters of intermediate filaments and numerous electrondense granules only in the case of a germinoma producing melatonin.     

微创穿刺术与开颅血肿清除术治疗重症小脑出血临床对照研究

目的探讨微创穿刺术治疗重症小脑出血的临床疗效。方法将62例重症小脑出血患者分为两组，治疗组32例采用微创穿刺术，对照组30例采用开颅血肿清除术。结果治疗组、对照组总有效率分别为87．5％、63．3％，经统计学处理差异有显著统计学意义（P〈0．01）；治疗组、对照组手术时间分别为（30±10．5）min，（60±12．8）min，经统计学处理差异有显著统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论采用微创穿刺术治疗重症小脑出血疗效优于开颅血肿清除术。     

Hydatid disease cured by minimally invasive therapy

Hydatid disease is relatively frequently encountered in general surgery services (4-5% of the total operated cases). The association of the hepatic and pulmonary localizations is quite common, but the involvement of more organs is rare. The asymptomatic rupture of the hydatid cyst in the peritoneal cavity is exceptional. We present the case of a 69-year old female patient who was hospitalized in the 1st Surgical Clinic for irritative dry cough, loss of weight (4 kg in the last 3 months), fatigue, itching and dyspnea. She had been hospitalized in a department of internal medicine for respiratory symptoms when, during X-ray investigation, an opacity was observed, which was suggestive for a pulmonary hydatid cyst. The abdominal ultrasound revealed a multiple hydatid localization (liver, spleen, lower right abdominal quadrant and hypogastrium) and the patient was sent to our clinic. The patient was treated with albendazole 10 mg/kg/day for 10 days before surgery. Surgery was performed by a minimally invasive approach, first by thoracoscopy and, in the same operative session, the other hydatid localizations were approached by laparoscopy. The parasiticide treatment was continued about 3 months after surgery, when the patient was hospitalized again in order to cure the splenic hydatid cyst. Postoperative evolution was complicated by a biliary fistula which resolved spontaneously in 10 days after the intervention. The postoperative hospital stay was 14 days. This case was unusual because of the paucity of symptoms in spite of the multiple abdominal cysts and because it was cured by a modern, minimally invasive approach.     

影响微创保胆取石术难度的相关因素及患者术后长期随访分析

目的探讨腹腔镜下保胆取石术手术难度的影响因素及应用保胆取石术后结石复发的危险因素。方法对150例行腹腔镜保胆取石术治疗的胆囊结石患者进行术前评估及术后24个月内随访,分析可能影响手术难度和术后结石复发的相关因素。结果 (1)胆囊体积≥50 cm2、最大结石直径、胆囊壁厚度≥4 mm、胆囊颈黏连、胆囊底黏连、胆囊颈结石嵌顿是引起手术困难的危险因素;(2)患者年龄≥60岁、体质量指数(BMI)≥25 kg/m2、家族史是引起结石复发的危险因素。结论对于有影响微创手术效果危险因素的患者要对其进行术前综合评估以选择针对性的治疗手段;对于有引起结石复发危险因素的患者术后要进行药物预防性治疗以减少结石复发几率。