Zweymtiller双锥面螺旋臼治疗Ⅲ、Ⅳ型髋关节发育不良继发骨关节炎早期疗效

目的探讨使用Zweymtiller双锥面螺旋臼治疗Ⅲ、Ⅳ型髋关节发育不良（DDH）继发骨关节炎的早期疗效。方法使用Zweymtiller双锥面螺旋臼假体及sL柄治疗16例DDH继发骨性关节炎患者（18髋）,髋臼假体均安放于真臼位置,其中4例5髋Ⅲ型行髋臼植骨;6例7髋Ⅲ型未行髋臼植骨;6例Ⅳ型未行髋臼植骨,采用转子下短缩截骨髋关节置换治疗。结果患者均获随访,时间10～40（22．6±9．1）个月。患者术后疼痛均基本消失。Harris评分：术前22—61（43．5±5．2）分,末次随访时72～97（85．3±6．7）分。1例术后出现股神经损伤症状,6个月时症状基本消失。结论使用Zweymtiller螺旋臼假体治疗DDH继发骨性关节炎,关节功能可以达到良好的恢复,早期效果满意。     

全髋关节置换术治疗成人发育性髋关节发育不良的中期研究

目的探讨人工全髋关节置换术（total hip replacement,THR）在成人发育性髋关节发育不良（developmental dysplasia of the hip,DDH）继发骨性关节炎的中期治疗经验。方法对26例（29髋）DDH继发骨性关节炎的患者行THR。对23例中、重度骨缺损者,采用植骨修补外上方承重区骨缺损,并重建髋臼及股骨的解剖结构,合理安装假体。结果随访9个月~6年,Harris关节功能评分由术前的平均（33.8±0.7）分提高到术后的（87.1±0.3）分。所有患者活动度增加,未出现骨折不愈合、内固定断裂、感染、神经损伤、下肢深静脉血栓形成及假体周围骨折等并发症。8例双下肢不等长者,短缩差由术前平均2.7（2.1-4.5）cm缩小到术后平均0.5（0.1-0.7）cm,外观改善明显。结论 DDH继发骨性关节炎采用THR是行之有效的。充分的软组织松解、重建髋臼和股骨近端结构以及合适的假体选择是手术的关键。     

Zweymuller螺旋臼假体治疗类风湿关节炎股骨头中心性脱位的临床研究

目的探讨使用Zweymuller螺旋臼假体治疗类风湿关节炎（RA）髋臼骨缺损中股骨头中心性脱位的临床疗效。方法 自2004年6月至2009年10月,26例（27髋）RA髋臼中心性脱位患者,其中男3例（4髋）,女23例（23髋）,平均年龄52岁（37～62岁）,使用螺旋臼治疗,术中有4例行髋臼底部植骨。结果 平均随访6个月～6年3个月,术前Harris评分30.5分,术后平均84分,术后均未发现假体松动,1例出现假体早期感染,予以抗生素治疗6周后好转。结论 RA股骨头中心性脱位使用Zweymuller螺旋臼治疗,可以或不需在臼底植骨,中期稳定性良好。     

Zweymuller系统全髋关节置换术治疗髋臼发育不良的中期疗效分析

目的：评价Zweymuller螺旋臼结合髋臼加深技术治疗髋臼发育不良的中期疗效。方法：自1998年1月至2004年12月,采用Zweymuller系统进行全髋关节置换术治疗髋臼发育不良继发髋关节骨性关节炎患者56例62髋,男14例（15髋）,女42例（47髋）;平均年龄48.6岁（30～67岁）。术前所有患者均有髋关节疼痛和功能障碍。观察项目包括术后并发症、影像学及功能恢复情况。髋关节功能采用Harris评分标准进行评定。结果：56例获得随访,时间5～11年,平均6.5年。X线检查显示髋臼假体位于真臼位置,与周围骨床结合紧密,髋臼假体外展角35°～45°,股骨假体内、外翻3°以内,术后患肢短缩平均（0.5±0.2）cm。术后近期发生深静脉血栓20例,予溶栓治疗后好转。近期脱位1例,复位、制动3周后下地行走。4髋发生异位骨化、均为BrookⅡ型。无感染、神经损伤病例发生。术后Harris评分（87.4±3.5）分,与术前（43.2±6.7）分比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：Zweymuller螺旋臼结合髋臼加深技术治疗髋臼发育不良继发髋关节骨性关节炎中期疗效优良。     

全髋关节置换术治疗成人发育性髋关节发育不良

目的 探讨人工全髋关节置换术(THR)在成人发育性髋关节发育不良(DDH)继发骨性关节炎中的治疗效果.方法 对26例DDH继发骨性关节炎患者行THR,其中23例中、重度骨缺损者,采用植骨修补外上方承重区骨缺损,并重建髋臼及股骨的解剖结构,合理安装假体.结果 经9个月～6年随访,患者髋关节疼痛完全消失,采用Harris关节功能评分,由术前的平均(33.8±0.7)分恢复到术后9个月时的(87.1±0.3)分.结论 DDH继发骨性关节炎采用THR是行之有效的,充分的软组织松解,重建髋臼和股骨近端的结构,假体的正确选择是手术成功的关键.     

全髋关节表面置换术治疗成人髋关节发育不良中假体的安放技术和临床疗效分析

目的探讨全髋关节表面置换术治疗髋关节发育不良（DDH）术中假体安放位置的控制和临床效果。方法2005年1月至2007年9月，对42例45髋因DDH继发骨关节炎的患者行全髋关节表面置换术。其中女39例，男3例，平均年龄46．3岁，单侧39例39髋，双侧3例6髋。按Crowe分型，Ⅰ型17例18髋，Ⅱ型17例19髋，Ⅲ型6例6髋，Ⅳ型2例2髋。术前通过CT三维重建测量股骨颈干角、股骨颈前倾角。入路采用改良后外侧Gibson入路，根据术前测量结果，对于颈干角小于135°，手术时适当增加至135°，大于135°则维持原有角度；DDH患者股骨前倾角均有增加，术中应适当减少，并减少髋臼前倾角和外展角。采用X线检查和Harris功能评分评估术后疗效。结果术前股骨颈干角平均134．1°，术后平均138.2°，其中术前颈干角小于135°的34髋，平均131．7°，术后平均137°；术前颈干角大于135°的12髋，平均140.9°，术后平均141．5°。股骨前倾角术前平均34．5°。术后X线显示所有髋臼均为真臼重建，髋臼外展角平均42°。双侧肢体长度差别术前平均2.1cm，术后平均0．5cm。平均随访14．6个月。Harris功能评分术前平均43．6分，最后一次随访功能评分为平均88．4分。随访期内无股骨颈骨折和假体松动等并发症发生。结论对年青DDH并骨关节炎患者采用髋关节表面置换术的近期效果满意，术中根据个体情况调整假体安放位置有助于提高临床效果。     

全髋关节置换术治疗成人发育性髋关节脱位

目的回顾性分析成人发育性髋关节脱位（DDH）患者的全髋关节置换手术（THA）方法及手术疗效。方法对1999年5月至2007年5月接受THA的174例（229髋）DDH患者进行随访。其中女128例，男46例，平均年龄32．6岁。分型采用Hartofilakidis分型：其中Ⅰ型（发育不良）92例（123髋）；Ⅱ型（低位脱位）33例（49髋）；Ⅲ型（高位脱位）49例（57髋）。Harris评分术前平均41．2分。手术入路采用后外侧入路，臼杯置于或接近于真臼水平。结果平均随访47个月，术后Harris评分平均为87．5分，术后并发症为8例神经损伤，其中坐骨神经2例，股神经6例，术后1年随访均完全恢复。结论成人DDH的THA难度较大，但对此类患者来说是一种较为理想的治疗方法，从很大程度上提高了患者的生活质量。     

Crowe Ⅳ型髋关节发育不良的全髋关节置换术

目的 探讨全髋关节置换术治疗成人Crowe Ⅳ型髋关节发育不良(developmental dyspla-sia of the hip,DDH)的方法并评价其疗效.方法 1997年10月至2009年1月,应用全髋关节置换术治疗Crowe Ⅳ型DDH患者15例20髋,其中5例双侧、10例单侧.18髋采用Secur-Fit股骨假体,2髋采用Corail股骨假体.转子下斜行截骨6髋,髋臼底磨穿5髋,均行股骨头植骨.结果 15例中早期死亡1例(双髋),失访2例(2髋),余12例16髋获得平均44.2个月(5～92个月)随访.术后发生出血性休克1例,脂肪栓塞1例,术后脱位2例,股骨上端骨裂2例.转子下斜行截骨6髋中,1髋失随访,2髋分别于术后18和23个月随访时仍可见骨折线,下肢行走无异常,其余3髋骨愈合.髋臼底植骨5髋,除1髋失访外,其余均获得愈合.术后X线片显示髋臼假体均位于真臼内,完全骨性覆盖,无髋臼假体松动.术后双下肢长度差平均1.1 cm(0～2.2 cm).末次随访Harris评分由术前平均(24.7±5.7)分(15～32分)提高至末次随访(85.6±5.6)分(80～94分),差异有统计学意义.结论 对Crowe Ⅳ型DDH患者行全髋关节置换术时,良好的真臼暴露、加深髋臼、股骨短缩、斜行截骨及使用Secur-Fit假体能提高全髋关节置换术的治疗效果.     

全髋关节置换术治疗成人发育性髋关节脱位继发骨性关节炎

目的 分析全髋关节置换术(THA)治疗成人发育性髋关节脱位(DDH)伴骨性关节炎的经验、方法及疗效.方法 采用THA治疗成人DDH伴骨性关节炎患者24例(26髋),手术均采用非骨水泥的人工关节,髋臼的骨覆盖率70%,术中9例行转子下截骨术.结果 术后切口均一期愈合,无脱位及神经损伤等并发症,Ⅳ型患者术前患肢短缩均显著改善,平均0.9 cm.所有患者均获得随访,时间12～78个月,Harris 评分平均术前为45分,术后为85.5分.结论 THA是治疗DDH伴骨性关节炎的有效方法,术前周密的计划、术中根据需要考虑假体的选择、截骨与否及髋臼骨床的定位、准备与安装是手术成功的关键.     

生物型假体关节置换术治疗髋关节发育不良继发骨性关节炎

目的评估采用生物型假体行全髋关节置换术(THR)治疗髋关节发育不良(DDH)继发骨性关节炎的临床效果。方法自2001年1月～2006年3月,采用生物型假体行THR治疗44例(49髋)成人DDH继发骨性关节炎患者,根据Crowe分型:Ⅰ型10例(12髋),Ⅱ型19例(21髋),Ⅲ型11例(12髋),Ⅳ型4例(4髋)。结果随访2~8年(平均4年1个月),Harris评分由术前43.52分恢复到术后90.32分。假体均位于解剖位置,尚未见术后感染及松动发生,术前患者双下肢长度差为1~5cm,术后为0～1cm,41例46髋疼痛完全消失,3例3髋有轻度疼痛伴有轻度跛行,但能够生活自理且恢复正常工作,其余患者均步态正常。术前2例伴有腰部疼痛,均在术后1.5年消失。结论生物型假体行THR治疗成人DDH继发骨性关节炎,能够取得较好的临床效果。     

Total hip arthroplasty with cementless cups and femoral head autografts for patients with hip dysplasia and osteoarthritis

Objective: To evaluate the outcome of total hip arthroplasty (THA) with cementless cups and femoral head autografts for patients with hip dysplasia and osteoarthritis. Methods: Between 1995 and 2002, we implanted 23 cementless cups and femoral head autografts in 20 patients with hip dysplasia and osteoarthritis. In this study, a retrospective study was made on 21 hips in 20 patients (18 females and 2 males, aged 50 years on an average) with developmental hip dysplasia treated by THA with a cementless cup and femoral head autograft. The acetabular cup was placed at the level of the true acetabulum and all the patients required autogenous femoral head grafts due to acetabular deficiency. The average rate of the acetabular cup covered by the femoral head autograft was 31% ( ranging from 10 % to 45 % ). Eight hips had less than 25 % cup coverage and thirteen between 25% and 50%. The average follow-up period was 4.7 years (range, 1-8 years). The replacing outcome was evaluated by modified Harri ship score. Preoperative and follow-up radiographs were made. Results: All the autografts were united to the host bones. No autograft was collapsed or no component from the hip was loosed in all the patients. According to the modified Harris hip score, the average hip score increased from 46 before operation to 89 at the final review. Before operation, the leg-length discrepancy was greater than 2 cm in all the patients except one with bilateral hip dysplasia. After operation, only 2 out of 20 patients had a leg-length discrepancy greater than 1 cm. Three hips showed minor bone resorption in the lateral portion of the graft, which did not support the cup. Three hips developed Grade 1 Brooker heterotopic ossification and one developed Grade 2. Conclusions: THA with a cementless cup and a femoral head autograft for patients with osteoarthritis resulted from hip dysplasia can result in favorable outcomes. This method can provide reliable acetabnlar fixation and restore the aeetabular bone stock in patients with developmental hip dysplasia when the cementless cup covered by the graft does not exceed 50 %.     

Developmental hip dysplasia treated with total hip arthroplasty with a straight stem and a threaded cup

BACKGROUND: Operative strategies to overcome the anatomical anomalies in patients with osteoarthritis secondary to developmental dysplasia of the hip remain controversial. The objective of this study was to determine the outcomes of total hip replacement with a grit-blasted cementless threaded cup and a cementless straight stem in patients with developmental dysplasia. METHODS: Ninety-three patients with developmental hip dysplasia who had been treated with a total of 121 cementless total hip arthroplasties were clinically assessed at a mean of 9.3 years. The acetabular reconstruction was done with a cementless threaded cup, which was medialized to ensure that at least one thread was anchored in the bone in order to achieve good primary stability. All radiographs were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Kaplan-Meier survivorship analysis, with radiographic evidence of aseptic loosening as the end point, predicted a survival rate of 97.5% for the acetabular component and 100% for the femoral stem at 9.3 years. The average Harris hip score for the unrevised hips improved from 34.0 points preoperatively to 84.1 points at the latest follow-up evaluation. The average total volume of polyethylene wear at the time of final follow-up was 73.6 mm(3). CONCLUSIONS: These wear and loosening rates demonstrate that very good results were achieved in this relatively young patient population when the hip joint center had been properly restored, even when a small cup with a thin polyethylene liner had been used.     

非骨水泥臼杯加自体股骨头植骨全髋关节置换术治疗髋臼发育不良伴骨性关节炎

目的：评价非骨水泥臼杯加自体股骨头植骨的全髋关节置换术治疗髋臼发育不良继发骨性关节炎的结果。方法：回顾性分析20例(21髋)患者行全髋关节置换术治疗髋臼发育不良继发骨性关节炎。女性18例,男性2例,平均年龄50岁,采用非骨水泥臼杯加自体股骨头植骨螺钉固定重建髋臼侧。臼杯置于真性髋臼水平,所有病例由于髋臼缺损而需要行自体股骨头植骨。平均植骨块覆盖的臼杯比例为31％(10％～45％)。8髋植骨块覆盖小于25％,13髋位于25％-50％之间。平均随访时间4．7年(1．5—8年)。采用改良Harris评分对结果进行评估。术前及随访时进行摄片观察。结果所有植骨块均获得愈合。无植骨块塌陷和髋假体松动。改良Harris评分由术前平均46分增加到89分。术前除1例双髋发育不良外,下肢不等长均超过2cm,术后只有2例仍有双下肢不等长超过1cm。3髋的植骨块外侧非支撑臼杯部分出现轻微的骨吸收。3髋发现有BrookerⅠ度异位骨化,1髋Ⅱ度异位骨化。结论：使用非骨水泥臼杯加自体股骨头植骨重建髋臼侧的全髋关节置换术治疗髋发育不良继发骨性关节炎可获得良好结果。该方法在植骨块支撑臼杯不超过50％的情况下,髋臼固定可靠,可保留髋臼的骨量。     

全髋关节置换术治疗成人Crowe Ⅳ型先天性髋关节脱位的临床研究

目的探讨CroweⅣ型先天性髋关节脱位患者全髋关节置换术的手术方法及预防神经损伤的对策。方法35例（39髋）CroweⅣ型先天性髋关节脱位患者行全髋关节置换术,均为女性,年龄36～56岁,平均46岁。获得随访31例35髋,随访时间1年～8年,平均4年。手术采用后外侧切口。髋臼侧除1例2髋外,均在真臼水平安放臼杯并使用非骨水泥型假体,股骨侧5例5髋选用骨水泥型假体,其余均选用非骨水泥型假体。2例2髋以往曾行转子下截骨者先行转子下截骨矫正术,再植入非骨水泥型假体。采用髋关节功能评分（Harris评分）评定髋关节功能,术前平均43分。结果获得随访的31例（35髋）中,5例5髋发生术中骨折,其中小转子轻微襞裂骨折3例3髋,大转子不全骨折2例2髋,但股骨假体稳定,予钢丝固定或未作特殊处理。3髋发生异位骨化,均为BrookⅡ型。2例术后分别出现坐骨神经或股神经刺激症状,1个月后恢复正常。随访期间内无一例发生术后感染、术中术后髋关节脱位、假体松动及有明显临床表现的深静脉血栓形成等并发症。术后随访时Harris评分平均87分,术后肢体延长4～6cm,平均5cm,肢体短缩得到满意纠正。结论后外侧人路、真臼水平重建髋臼是CroweⅣ型先天性髋关节脱位全髋关节置换术安全、有效的手术方法。     

Cementless total hip arthroplasty with femoral head bone grafting for hip dysplasia

Femoral head bone grafting was required to augment acetabular bone stock in 19 cases of hip dysplasia treated with cementless total hip arthroplasty. All acetabular grafts provided mechanical support for the cementless acetabular component. Radiographic evaluation of the fixation of the femoral components at an average of 3 years after surgery revealed an optimum appearance in all cases. All porous-coated acetabular components remained stable, but only one of six (17%) nonporous threaded acetabular components maintained stability. One threaded acetabular component has been revised for symptomatic loosening. Acetabular graft healing was suspected in 18 of 19 cases (95%). Significant graft resorption was observed only in the cases with unstable threaded acetabular components. The clinical scores were high. Cementless total hip arthroplasty with structural acetabular grafting and porous acetabular components appears to produce satisfactory short-term results.     

髋关节表面置换术治疗先天性髋关节发育不良

目的 探讨髋关节表面置换术治疗先天性髋关节发育不良的临床疗效.方法 2005年3月至2006年12月对34例(37髋)先天性髋关节发育不良患者行髋关节表面置换术,其中Crowe Ⅰ型28例(31髋)、Crowe Ⅱ型6例(6髋).其中女性29例(32髋),男性5例(5髋),患者平均年龄45岁(26～57岁).患者在术后6周、3个月、1年,及此后每年1次进行随访,接受放射学及临床评价.术前患者Harris评分平均35分,髋关节屈曲101°,外展24°,内收15°,术前12例患者双下肢等长.结果 34例患者中,3例(3髋)患者术中改行全髋关节置换术.31例(34髋)行表面置换.31例表面置换患者平均随访时间21.4个月(12～33个月).患者术后最后一次随访平均为94分(82～100分),与术前比较差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01).术后髋关节屈曲改善至133°,外展48°,内收26°.术后23例患者双下肢等长.患者股骨及髋臼假体周围均未见透亮线,髋臼假体的平均外展角为43°(40°～53°),股骨假体柄干角平均为139°(130°～145°).结论 本组患者短期随访结果令人满意,良好的手术技术和手术适应证的严格掌握是先天性髋关节发育不良患者手术成功的关键.     

髋关节置换术中股骨假体周围骨折危险因素的分析

目的分析髋关节置换术中股骨假体周围骨折的发生情况和危险因素。方法选择本组自2002年1月至2008年12月所有行初次和翻修髋关节置换术患者共3021髋(初次置换术2718髋,翻修术294髋),分析术中股骨假体周围骨折的发生情况,并用Logistic回归分析骨折发生的相关因素,包括性别、年龄、术前诊断、假体类型、固定方式。用2检验进行初次置换和翻修术中发生骨折的差异性检验。结果总的术中股骨假体周围骨折发生率为5.7%(173/3021),其中初次置换发生率为4.0%(110/2718),翻修术发生率为21.4%(63/294)。初次置换应用骨水泥股骨假体术中骨折发生率为1.9%(8/429),非骨水泥股骨假体术中骨折发生率为4.5%(102/2289),初次置换术中骨折82.7%(91/110)发生于干骺端;翻修术应用骨水泥股骨假体术中骨折发生率为18.8%(21/112),非骨水泥股骨假体术中骨折发生率为23.1%(42/182),翻修术术中骨折62%(39/63)发生于骨干部。Logistic回归分析显示:初次髋关节置换术中骨折的危险因素包括性别、术前诊断、固定方式、假体类型;翻修术性别、年龄、假体固定方式不是引起术中骨折的危险因素。应用2检验,翻修术中股骨假体骨折的风险与初次置换相比差异有统计学意义(P0.000),OR值为6.5,95%CI(4.6,9.1)。结论初次髋关节置换术中股骨假体周围骨折的发生率为4.0%,主要发生于干骺端(83.6%),女性、髋关节发育不良、髋部骨折、高位脱位、非骨水泥固定是术中骨折的危险因素;髋关节翻修术中股骨假体周围骨折的发生率(21.4%),远高于初次髋关节置换术,主要发生于骨干部(61.9%),骨折的发生与否可能主要取决于翻修时的骨质情况,性别、年龄、假体固定方式并不是主要的影响因素。     

Evaluation of the hip center in total hip arthroplasty for old developmental dysplasia

We describe the problems with positioning the hip center according to the severity of dislocation in 97 cementless total hip arthroplasty for developmental dysplasia of the hip. The mean location of the hip center from the interteardrop was 30.4 +/- 8.7 mm horizontally and 23.4 +/- 5.4 mm vertically. The presence of a limp correlated with a superior placement of the cup. Four cups were revised, 2 of which with a significant high hip center. The survival rate of the acetabular component was 95% at 12 years. Craniopodal repositioning was easy in class 1. In class 2, the cup was the largest. In class 3, the greatest variations of the hip center were found. In class 4, the smallest implants were necessary for positioning in the true acetabulum.     

软组织平衡在全髋关节置换术治疗成人高位髋关节发育不良中的应用

目的 评价软组织平衡技术在全髋关节置换术治疗成人高位髋关节发育不良的效果.方法 2000年12月至2006年8月应用全髋关节置换术治疗21例(26髋)高位髋关节发育不良患者(CreweⅢ型20髋;Ⅳ型6髋).通过软组织松解及股骨转子下短缩截骨重建髋臼于真臼水平,评价其术后临床及影像学结果.术前Harris评分平均41.2分.结果 21例患者获得13个月～7年随访,平均随访时间4.8年.16例患者术后跛行程度明显改善;通过软组织松解可显著纠正下肢不等长,有效减少手术截骨长度.术后Harris评分平均89.6分.患者术后未见脱位、感染及假体松动.结论 适当的软组织松解和平衡可使高位髋臼重建于真臼,有效地恢复髋关节的形态和功能,获得满意的近期效果.     

Treatment of high hip dislocation with a cementless stem combined with a shortening osteotomy

Introduction

The purpose of this study was to review the clinical and radiographic outcomes and report the major complications in a group of hips with Crowe type IV developmental dysplasia that underwent reconstruction with a cementless total hip arthroplasty and a transverse subtrochanteric shortening osteotomy fixed with locking compression plate and screws.

Method

Fifteen consecutive patients (21 hips) who had coxarthrosis secondary to Crowe Group IV developmental dysplasia of the hip were treated with a cementless prosthesis and a transverse subtrochanteric osteotomy fixed with locking compression plates at a mean age of 41. The mean follow-up period was 5?years. The acetabular cup was placed in the position of the anatomical hip center in every patient. Subtrochanteric femoral shortening osteotomy was fixed with plates and screws in all patients.

Results

The mean Harris hip score improved from 36.2?±?9.8 points to 90.8?±?2.5 points. Trendelenburg sign was positive in seven hips and two patients complained about continuing anterior thigh pain at the final follow-up. There was no infection. No cases of nonunion were encountered. Two patients had dislocation on early postoperative period (15th and 20th postoperative day). Of these patients, femoral head was changed to 28?mm with stem revision in one patient, and one had acetabular component revision with use of constrained acetabular liner. There was one permanent sciatic nerve palsy. One patient had implant related pain during lying laterally. Plate and screws were removed at postoperative 16th month.

Conclusion

Cementless total hip arthroplasty combined with subtrochanteric osteotomy for the treatment of patients with Crowe Group IV developmental dysplasia of the hip is an effective technique to reduce the hip to its original acetabular location and restore the rotational deformities. Plate and screw fixation is a viable option for a secure and stable fixation of femoral stem after subtrochanteric osteotomy.