服用鱼油多不饱和脂肪酸对血液中脂肪酸组成的影响

高脂血症患者摄食含DHA33％、EPA10％的鱼油脂肪酸制剂,可增加全血脂肪酸组成中DHA的相对含量,降低EPA、AA的含量;可增加血小板膜脂肪组成中DHA、EPA的相对含量,增加DHA/AA、EPA/AA的比值;也可增加HDL_2、HDL_3的脂肪组成中EPA的相对含量。     

铃兰毒苷通过PPARγ/NF-κκB信号通路抑制葡聚糖硫酸钠诱导的小鼠实验性结肠炎

目的研究铃兰毒苷(CNT)对葡聚糖硫酸钠(DSS)诱导的小鼠实验性结肠炎的保护作用及其对PPARγ/NF-κB信号通路的影响。方法 40只雄性C57BL/6小鼠分为正常对照组、模型组、CNT(50和150μg·kg~(-1))组和阳性药(柳氮磺胺嘧啶,200 mg·kg~(-1))组。除正常对照组外,各组分别给予4%DSS饮用水建立实验性结肠炎模型,各组小鼠连续7 d每天灌胃给予不同剂量的药物或生理盐水。观察小鼠体质量,结肠长度、大肠和脾重和疾病活性指数;Western印迹和免疫组化实验检测结肠组织中P65和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPARγ)蛋白表达;ELISA法检测小鼠血清和结肠组织肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)和IL-1β的含量。结果与正常对照组相比,模型组小鼠体质量下降(P<0.01),结肠长度缩短(P<0.05),小鼠大肠和脾质量增加(P<0.05),疾病活性指数增加(P<0.01),结肠组织中P65和PPARγ表达水平升高(P<0.01),同时,血清和结肠中TNF-α,IL-6和IL-1β的含量升高(P<0.01)。与模型组相比,不同剂量CNT组小鼠体质量、结肠长度、大肠和脾重及疾病活动指数均有所改善(P<0.05),血清和结肠中TNF-α,IL-6和IL-1β的含量降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),结肠组织中上述炎症相关蛋白表达水平降低(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论 CNT对DSS诱导的小鼠实验性结肠炎具有保护作用,其机制可能与PPARγ/NF-κB信号通路有关。     

综合法提取鱼油中多烯脂肪酸的研究

目的 用综合法提取鱼油中多烯脂肪酸,方法 盐析法,低温冷冻法,尿素包合法等方法的综合应用,结果 用综合法提取出来的多烯脂肪酸各项指标符合标准,EPA、DHA含量高,工业上有推广前景,结论 提出五条不同档次的推荐工艺,适应我国水产业的现状。     

姜黄素对TNBS诱导的小鼠溃疡性结肠炎的治疗作用

目的以姜黄素(Cur)和柳氮磺吡啶(SASP)治疗结肠炎模型小鼠,探讨姜黄素在小鼠实验性结肠炎中的抗炎作用及机制。方法用三硝基苯磺酸(TNBS)/乙醇灌肠制备小鼠结肠炎动物模型。模型小鼠分别腹腔注射二甲基亚砜(DMSO)、Cur+DMSO、柳氮磺吡啶+DMSO1周,评价各组小鼠的体质量变化、疾病活动度指数,观察组织学损伤,采用RT-PCR和Western blotting检测结肠组织PPAR-γ和核因子-κB(NF-κB)的表达,并与SASP治疗组相比。结果Cur治疗组小鼠的体重较SASP治疗组恢复快,疾病活动度指数明显降低,组织学损伤轻,结肠组织PPAR-γ表达增高,NF-κB表达减低(P<0.05)。结论姜黄素可能通过PPAR-γ途径负性调节NF-κB的表达,在TNBS诱导的小鼠结肠炎中发挥抗炎作用,其疗效比柳氮磺吡啶显著。     

优化制备鱼油多烯脂肪酸的工艺

本文研究了用盐-溶解度法和尿素包含法制备鱼油多烯脂肪酸的生产工艺,对单独应用盐．溶解度法或尿素包含法及联合应用两种方法的利弊进行了探讨。     

AS炎性信号通路与中医药干预

动脉粥样硬化(atherosclerosis,AS)是血管内皮损伤导致的慢性炎症反应性血管疾病,该文就AS炎性信号通路相关因子,如细胞间黏附分子-1(ICAM-1)、血管细胞黏附分子-1(VCAM-1)、核因子-κB(NF-κB)和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(PPARγ),以及中医药在抗AS中调节这些炎性信号通路方面研究进展做一综述。     

脱氢环氧甲基醌霉素的合成工艺改进研究

目的对脱氢环氧甲基醌霉素(DHMEQ)的合成工艺进行改进研究。方法以阿司匹林和2,5-二甲氧基苯胺为起始原料,经缩合、碘苯二乙酯氧化、过氧化氢环氧化、酸催化脱缩酮保护、Na BH4还原成目标化合物,关键的环氧化步骤采用HPLC监控并通过调整反应条件进行工艺优化。结果剔除了柱色谱步骤,优化后制得的目标化合物质量分数为99.4%,工艺总收率为30.0%。结论 DHMEQ的合成工艺改进后操作简便,产品质量可控,适合工业化生产。     

麦角甾醇对LPS诱导的肺损伤小鼠的抗炎作用研究

目的研究麦角甾醇对LPS诱导的小鼠急性肺损伤的抗炎作用研究。方法取50只雄性BABL/c小鼠随机分为5组:空白对照组、模型组、地塞米松组(2 mg/kg)、麦角甾醇低剂量组(20 mg/kg)、麦角甾醇高剂量组(40 mg/kg)。空白对照组和模型组按体积给予生理盐水,地塞米松组(2 mg/kg)、麦角甾醇组(20、40mg/kg)灌胃给予相应药物。给药1 h后,除空白对照组,其余各组小鼠气管滴注20μg LPS。检测小鼠肺干湿重比(W/D),肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平、丙二醛(MDA)含量,血清与肺泡灌洗液炎性细胞因子(TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6)水平。取各组小鼠肺组织做HE染色,并检测肺组织Rho、ROCK1、ROCK2、p-NF-κBP65、NF-κBP65、p-IκBα、IκBα蛋白表达。结果麦角甾醇20、40 mg/kg能显著提升LPS诱导的急性肺损伤小鼠血清SOD水平,降低MDA含量;改善血清及肺泡灌洗液炎症因子水平和肺组织病理学改变;降低肺组织Rho、ROCK1、ROCK2、p-NF-κBP65、p-IκBα蛋白表达。结论麦角甾醇对LPS诱导的急性肺损伤小鼠有保护作用,其作用可能与Rho/ROCK/NF-κB信号通路有关。     

Omega-3 fatty acid preparations--a comparative study

Fifteen food supplements and 1 medicine, formulated as soft capsules and containing omega-3 fatty acids, were evaluated with different tests, including desegregation, determination of the anisidine and peroxide values and assay of the omega-3 acids according to the European Pharmacopoeia. All the products contained purified fish oil rich in omega-3 fatty acids, mainly eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5; EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6; DHA), and available as triglycerides, ethyl esters or free fatty acids. The medicinal product complied with the fixed requirements whereas 7 of the 15 food supplements deviated from 1 or more of the criteria with regard to the peroxide value and the content of 1 or more of the fattty acids.     

The effect of a fish oil enriched diet on oxygen toxicity and lipid peroxidation in mice

Mice were fed a chow diet or diets enriched in fish oil, sunflower oil or beef tallow for 3 weeks. Fatty acid analysis was carried out in samples of plasma, brain and lungs from these animals and large changes were found in plasma and lungs with relatively small dietary-induced changes in brain tissue. Bleeding times were increased very significantly in the fish oil group, and slightly increased in the sunflower oil group. Endogenous lipid peroxidation (measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) was unchanged in lung and brain, but lung tissue from fish oil fed mice produced more lipid peroxides in vitro during incubation at 37 degrees than those of other dietary groups. Mice fed the four different diets were exposed to hyperbaric oxygen at 618, 585 and 515 kPa and convulsive activity and lung damage was recorded. No dietary-induced alterations in susceptibility to oxygen toxicity were found.     

A comparative study on the effect of algal and fish oil on viability and cell proliferation of Caco-2 cells.

Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) rich micro-algal oil was tested in vitro and compared with fish oil for antiproliferative properties on cancer cells in vitro. Oils derived from Crypthecodinium cohnii, Schizochytrium sp. and Nitzschia laevis, three commercial algal oil capsules, and menhaden fish oil were used in cell viability and proliferation tests with human colon adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cells. With these tests no difference was found between algal oil and fish oil. The nonhydrolysed algal oils and fish oil showed a much lower toxic effect on cell viability, and cell proliferation in Caco-2 cells than the hydrolysed oils and the free fatty acids (FFAs). Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; C20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6n-3) were used as samples for comparison with the tested hydrolysed and nonhydrolysed oils. The hydrolysed samples showed comparative toxicity as the free fatty acids and no difference between algal and fish oil. Oxidative stress was shown to play a role in the antiproliferative properties of EPA and DHA, as alpha-tocopherol could partially reverse the EPA/DHA-induced effects. The results of the present study support a similar mode of action of algal oil and fish oil on cancer cells in vitro, in spite of their different PUFA content.     

鱼腥草挥发油对去卵巢小鼠骨质疏松的预防作用及机制研究

目的评价鱼腥草挥发油对去卵巢小鼠骨质疏松的预防作用并探讨其作用机制。方法 SPF级雌性ICR小鼠50只,随机分为假手术组,模型组,阳性对照(己烯雌酚)组,鱼腥草挥发油低、高剂量组,每组10只。切除小鼠双侧卵巢制作骨质疏松模型,阳性对照组按32μg/(kg·d)灌胃给予己烯雌酚,鱼腥草挥发油低、高剂量组分别按照10、20 mg/(kg·d)灌胃给予鱼腥草挥发油,假手术组、模型组灌胃给予等量生理盐水。12周后检测各组小鼠血清中碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(StrACP)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)、丙二醛(MDA)含量,观察右侧胫骨的骨形态计量学变化,测定右侧股骨的生物力学性质。结果与模型组比较,鱼腥草挥发油组血清ALP、StrACP活性和TNF-α、IL-1β、MDA含量显著降低,SOD活性显著升高,且差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05);鱼腥草挥发油组可有效改善胫骨形态计量学静态参数与股骨生物力学,且呈剂量依赖性。己烯雌酚阳性对照组也明显改善上述指标。结论鱼腥草挥发油对去卵巢小鼠骨质疏松具有明显的预防作用,其机制可能与减轻炎症和抗过氧化损伤有关。     

Trans fatty acids: chemical synthesis of eicosapentaenoic acid isomers and detection in rats fed a deodorized fish oil diet

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid present in fish oils used for omega-3 enriched diets. The natural cis double bond geometry can be transformed to the trans configuration during the deodorization process utilized in the food industry. The analytical discrimination of the possible five monotrans regioisomers represents a limiting step for the recognition and structure-activity relationship in connection with the harmful effects of trans fatty acids in health. We carried out a dual synthetic strategy, providing new access to monotrans EPA isomers and valuable information on GC and NMR characteristics for further applications in metabolomics and lipidomics. This small library was used as an analytical reference for isomer determination in deodorized fish oils and the follow-up of rats fed fish oil diets, evidencing for the first time that monotrans EPA isomers are incorporated in liver mitochondrial membranes after dietary intake.     

鱼油逆转癌性恶病质的实验研究

目的探讨促炎细胞因子IL-6、TNF-α在癌性恶病质（CC）中形成的作用,并研究鱼油对小鼠恶病质状态的改善情况及生存时间的影响,初步探讨鱼油在预防用药中的价值及其可能机制。方法将鼠结肠腺癌26细胞株皮下接种于BALB/c小鼠,构建癌性恶病质模型。将50只BALB/c小鼠随机分成健康对照组（A组）、荷瘤＋等渗生理盐水组（B组）、荷瘤＋鱼油组（C组）、荷瘤＋吲哚美辛组（D组）。监测各组小鼠一般情况,去瘤体质量、血清IL-6、TNF-α的水平及各生化指标浓度变化。结果CC小鼠去瘤体质量明显下降（P〈0.05）,血清各生化指标不同程度的出现代谢消耗状态（P〈0.05）,血清IL-6、TNF-α水平明显升高（P〈0.05）。C、D组IL-6、TNF-α水平均低于B组（P〈0.05）,各生化指标亦有不同程度的改善（P〈0.05）,但C、D2组指标比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论炎性细胞因子IL-6、TNF-α与CC的发生、密切相关,鱼油具有显著的逆转CC作用,鱼油的早期干预对CC的发生发展有着重要作用。     

鱼蛋白胨和鱼油对替考拉宁产量和组分含量的影响

研究鱼蛋白胨和鱼油对替考拉宁产量和各组分含量的影响。通过在发酵培养基中选用不同原材料，比较结果发现，鱼蛋白胨2″和鱼油能分别提高替考拉宁的产量15．8％和21．0％。进而采用正交试验设计，确定了最佳发酵培养基配方。与对照组相比，在优化配方中添加0．5％鱼蛋白胨2″和0．8％鱼油可增加产量达35％，效价高达3000u／ml以上，且产品中各组分的相对百分含量不发生明显改变。为探求其原理，分别对不同原材料进行氨基酸组分分析和碘值测定，分析结果推测鱼蛋白胨的作用与原料中含有较高量的替考拉宁生物合成氨基酸前体有关，而鱼油则通过提供饱和脂肪酸，参与替考拉宁起始氨基酸的生物合成。同时也证明了通过筛选含不同化学结构成份的发酵碳氮原材料．可定向控制替考拉宁的生物合成。     

4-苯基丁酸对果糖所致非酒精性脂肪肝的保护效应

目的探讨4-苯基丁酸(PBA)对饮用果糖所致小鼠非酒精性脂肪肝的保护作用。方法 48只♀ICR小鼠随机分为4组。对照组给予普通自来水喂养8周;果糖组给予30%果糖水溶液喂养8周;PBA组给予普通自来水喂养8周,最后2周经腹腔注射给予PBA(100 mg.kg-1);PBA+果糖组给予富含30%果糖水溶液喂养8周,最后2周经腹腔注射给予PBA(100 mg.kg-1)。各组小鼠均自由进食标准饲料。实验结束后立即剖杀小鼠,采集血清和肝组织,检测血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、总胆固醇(TCH)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、极低密度脂蛋白(VLDL)和肝脏组织TCH和TG;HE染色分析肝脏组织病理学改变;油红O染色分析肝脏脂质沉积。RT-PCR测定小鼠肝脏脂肪酸合成酶(fas)、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(acc)和硬脂酰辅酶A去饱和酶-1(scd-1)mRNA表达。结果与对照组相比,果糖组小鼠血清和肝脏TG及肝脏TCH的含量明显升高;HE染色显示,果糖组小鼠肝细胞脂肪变性;油红O染色证实,果糖组小鼠肝脏有明显脂质沉积;进一步研究显示,与对照组相比,果糖组小鼠肝脏fas,acc和scd-1 mRNA水平均明显上调。果糖组与PBA+果糖组比较显示,PBA干预可明显降低血清、肝脏TG含量及肝脏TCH含量,减轻果糖引起的肝脏脂质沉积;抑制果糖引起的肝脏fas,acc和scd-1表达上调。结论 PBA对饮用果糖所致的小鼠非酒精性脂肪肝有保护作用。