心包切开错位缝合引流术在心包积液合并心包压塞治疗中的临床应用研究

目的：探讨心包切开错位缝合引流技术在心包积液合并心包压塞治疗中的效果及安全性。方法：回顾分析1996年3月-2008年7月收治的136例心包积液合并心包压塞患者诊疗情况，所有患者均行心包切开错位缝合引流术。结果：本组患者手术成功率100％，术后心包压塞症状立即缓解；无严重并发症发生；术后随访再次出现心包压塞表现者7例：结核性心包炎4例，肿瘤性心包炎3例。结论：应用心包切开错位缝合引流技术治疗心包积液合并心包压塞安全有效。     

心包切开错位缝合引流法治疗非特异性心包炎的临床研究

目的探讨心包切开错位缝合引流技术在非特异性心包炎合并心包积液治疗中的效果及安全性。方法回顾分析2000年8月至2008年5月收治的58例非特异性心包炎合并心包积液患者诊疗情况,所有患者均行心包切开错位缝合引流。结果本组患者心包切开错位缝合引流的成功率100%,术后心包压塞症状立即缓解;无严重并发症发生;切口处炎性反应轻微,患者均未再次出现心包压塞表现。结论应用心包切开错位缝合引流技术治疗非特异性心包炎合并心包积液安全有效。     

心包穿刺抽液对左心室功能的影响

渗出性心包炎可产生心包填塞，心包穿刺抽液能解除心脏压塞症状和减轻大量心包渗液引起的压迫症状。本文用超声心动图研究』已包穿刺抽液前后对渗出性心包炎患者左心室功能的影响。工临床资料和方法1．l一般资料本文10例渗出性心包炎患者，男性6例，女性4例，平均年龄48．75岁（范围23～72岁）。所有患者均有详细的病史、体格检查、胸部X线、超声』已动图等项资料。结核性心包炎8例，肿瘤性心包炎2例。10例患者均有程度不同的心脏压塞症状。l．2检查方法对10例患者均进行心包穿刺术。平均抽液量为384．60土力480ml（范围70～800ml）。在心…     

心包疾病病人的护理

心包疾病是心包因细菌、病毒、自身免疫、物理、化学等因素而发生急性反应和渗液以及心包粘连、增厚、缩窄、钙化等慢性病变.临床主要表现为急性心包炎和慢性缩窄性心包炎.急性心包炎主要表现为心前区疼痛、呼吸困难、发热;治疗上采取对症止痛,心包穿刺可解除心脏压塞症状以及减轻大量渗液引起的压迫症状.慢性缩窄性心包炎表现为呼吸困难、腹部膨胀、乏力、肝区痛,宜早期切除心包,由结核病所致者给予抗结核治疗.     

心包炎患者心包切除术后的病因分析

目的：探讨心包炎心包切除术后的病因诊断，以提高心包炎的临床诊断水平。方法：回顾性分析52例行心包切除术并有病理检查结果的心包炎临床与病理资料。结果：结核性14例(26.9％)，癌性4例(7.7％)．非特异性改变34例，其中2例为创伤性、1例为放射性，其他31例(59．7％)原因不能确定。与非特异性组比较，结核性心包炎患者的病程较短(P＜0．01)，有发热、急性心包炎、中至大量心包积液和心脏压塞病史者较多(P＜0．05—0．01）；4例癌性心包炎均表现为顽固性渗液性心包炎。结论：缩窄性心包炎多数病例病因不明，在巳知的病因中，以结核多见；顽固性心包渗液多见于恶性肿瘤。     

Seldinger导管法心包置管诊治心包积液

目的：探讨安全心包穿刺引流、并有效诊疗心包积液的方法。方法：在心尖部或剑突下置入中心静脉导管引汤。结果：18例病人全部安全置管并引流成功，11例肿瘤性积液、3例结核性、3例非特异性心包炎经引流并心包内注射药物后积液消失，5例心包压塞总者症状迅速缓解，可长期保留(7-42天)；与操作相关的并发症少。结论：Seldinger导管法穿刺引流，简单、安全、有效，可有效诊疗心包积液。     

心包炎患者心包切除术后的病因分析

目的 :探讨心包炎心包切除术后的病因诊断 ,以提高心包炎的临床诊断水平。方法 :回顾性分析 5 2例行心包切除术并有病理检查结果的心包炎临床与病理资料。结果 :结核性 14例 ( 2 6 .9%) ,癌性 4例 ( 7.7%) ,非特异性改变 34例 ,其中 2例为创伤性、1例为放射性 ,其他 31例 ( 5 9.7%)原因不能确定。与非特异性组比较 ,结核性心包炎患者的病程较短 (P <0 .0 1) ,有发热、急性心包炎、中至大量心包积液和心脏压塞病史者较多 (P <0 .0 5～0 .0 1) ;4例癌性心包炎均表现为顽固性渗液性心包炎。结论 :缩窄性心包炎多数病例病因不明 ,在已知的病因中 ,以结核多见 ;顽固性心包渗液多见于恶性肿瘤。     

心包穿刺

心包穿刺是心脏病学领域内的一个重要的诊断和治疗方法。常用于缓解心脏压塞的症状、明确心包积液的原因。当由有经验的术者施行时，心包穿刺是安全、有效的。     

经皮心包穿刺引流临床探讨

任何原因导致的心包腔内液体积聚，以至引起心包腔内压力增加可造成心包压塞，导致心排血量降低。对此处理，过去临床多采取①用针头穿刺；②经剑突下心包切开；③部分或广泛的外科心包切除。心包穿刺的益处在于迅速缓解心包压塞，但其主要危险是①戳破心脏、动脉、肺；②对继发于撕裂、心脏刺伤，左室壁或主动脉瘤裂缝致的急性心包出血，肿瘤侵入心包等，在心包放液后迅速复发；③心包穿刺在心脏压塞被缓解后的一个可能很少发生但又很重要的并发症是突然发生心室扩张和急性肺水肿。因此，经查阅资料，1999年始我们将导管与心包穿刺相结合即经皮心包穿刺引流术应用于临床，目前已为65例心包积液患者引流，效果良好，无一例失败或出现并发症．现总结讨论如下。     

心包腔置ARROW导管引流治疗心脏压塞17例体会

目的探讨心脏压塞经皮心包腔内置入ARROW导管治疗的临床疗效及安全性。方法对我院明确诊断为心脏压塞的17例患者行心包腔内置ARROW管引流治疗,术后观察临床症状、引流状况及实验室检查等指标变化情况。结果所有患者置管成功,术后心脏压塞症状即刻或24 h内缓解,除1例原发心脏肿瘤置管30 d外,其它患者置管3~7 d,2例出现引流不畅或堵塞,1例化脓性心包炎术后第2天转胸外科手术治疗。结论心脏压塞置入ARROW导管引流具有创伤小、操作简便安全、疗效较好等优点,具有临床应用价值。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.