风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴心房纤颤球囊二尖瓣成形术后心房纤颤的…

报道９０例风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴心房纤颤球囊二尖瓣成形术后复律治疗的结果。８９例患者在ＰＢＭＶ后２周内接受复律治疗，１５例服用奎尼丁后恢复窦性心律，７４例经体表电复律转为窦性心律。     

风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴心房纤颤球囊二尖瓣成形术后心房纤颤的复律治疗

报道９０例风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴心房纤颤（简称二狭房颤）球囊二尖瓣成形术（ＰＢＭＶ）后复律治疗的结果。８９例患者在ＰＢＭＶ后２周内接受复律治疗，１５例服用奎尼丁后恢复窦性心律，７４例经体表电复律转为窦性心律。随访２３．５±１１．７个月，２４例（２７％）患者心房纤颤复发。我们认为心房纤颤病程长，ＰＢＭＶ后瓣口面积小和左房回缩差是心房纤颤复发的可能原因。     

心房纤颤的治疗进展

心房纤颤（简称房颤）是最常见的一种心律失常。研究表明，房颤易导致致命性心脏事件，并引起左心功能减退，甚至死亡。现就其治疗处理作一概述。１　初发性房颤的治疗初发性房颤的治疗包括心室率的控制及窦性心律的转复，应根据患者起病急缓，病情严重程度、原发心脏疾患及心室率的快慢，确定治疗方案。据临床观察，４４％～７８％新发房颤可在２４小时内自行终止；随房颤持续时间的延长，转复窦性心律降低，＜３０天者占４２％，＞３０天者占１６％；用药物维持窦律的时间也缩短，房颤患者电复律后易在３～１０天内发生栓塞。因此在房颤开…     

胺碘酮维持二尖瓣狭窄伴心房纤颤经皮二尖瓣球囊成形术后窦性心律的疗效

对二关瓣狭窄伴心房纤颤（简称二狭房颤）行经皮二尖瓣球囊成形术（PBMV）成功后的64例患者，术后即给予胺碘酮0．2g，3次／日×7天，未复律者给予经体表直流电复律，复律后随机分为胺碘酮0．4g／日维持量组和am0．2／日维持量组各32例。结果；单纯眼药1周转复窦性心律14例，余50例经直流电复律全部成功，复律后心功能均明显改善，随访21．60±12．3个目，16例心房纤颤复发。心房纤颤病程长，左房扩大明显者易复发，PBMV效果不佳（瓣口面积扩大程度小和左房四缩差）和术后再狭窄也是复发的重要因素，胺碘酮剂量小（0．2／日维持）易复发，故建议应用胺碘酮0．4／日维持。     

伊布利特转复新发心房扑动及心房纤颤疗效观察

目的评价伊布利特转复新发心房扑动（房扑）及心房纤颤（房颤）的有效性及安全性。方法选择12例新发房扑、20例房颤患者予以伊布利特1 mg于10 m in内静注,若给药结束后10 m in仍未转复窦性心律,再次予前述治疗1次。结果伊布利特转复房扑、房颤为窦性心律的成功率分别是83.3%（10/12）和75%（15/20）,所有患者无不良反应发生。结论伊布利特转复房扑、房颤安全有效。     

二尖瓣替换术后房颤转复为窦性心律的临床分析

在风湿性心脏病二尖瓣病变中，慢性心房纤颤（简称房颤）是一种常见的并发症。房颤会给病人带来许多问题，如左房血栓形成、体循环栓塞、心房扩大和心输出量减少等并发症，从而增加了死亡率，影响了生活质量的提高。因此，人们一直采用各种方法使之转复为窦性心律。风湿性心脏病二尖瓣替换术同时给予电除颤，可使部分病人恢复窦性心律。本组对89例患风湿性心脏病二尖瓣替换术后房颤转复情况进行了回顾性研究，根据手术后病人出院时的心律情况将病人分为两组，A组为出院时仍为房颤者，B组为出院时为窦性心律者。分析结果表明，风湿性心脏病二尖瓣替换术后，解除了机械梗阻，部分术前伴有房颤的病人术后可以转复为窦性心律，但能维持至1个月以上者较少，仅占手术病人的15．7％。病人手术时的年龄、房颤病史长短及左房径对房颤转复情况有显著影响，且可以预见其短期效果，根据本组病例分析的结果表明，年龄小于40岁、房颤病史不超过一年、左房径小于55mm的病人，窦性心律可维持在1个月以上。     

胺碘酮对老年持续性心房纤颤47例复律疗效分析

目的：评价胺碘酮对老年持续性心房纤颤复律的疗效。方法：对47例快速房颤导致心衰,在病因治疗基础上停用其它抗心律失常药5个半衰期以上,给胺碘酮每天0．6克,分3次饭后服,经ECG证实房颤转为窦性心律后,胺碘酮改为每天0．4g,分2次服;1周后改变为0．2g,1次／日,紧此为维持量,每周服6天,停服1天,4周后仍不能复律,视为无效,停用胺碘酮,结果：按实际完成疗程44例计,转复率为75％（33／44）,病史≤2年的总转复率为82．1％（33／37）,其中冠心病34例,复律27例,转复率79．4％（27／34）。结论：对老年持续性房纤,选用胺碘酮复律,疗效满意;尤其是缺血性心脏病,房颤时间≤2年,可以做为胺碘酮复律的理想对象。     

房间隔缺损并发心房纤颤患者应用Amplatzer伞封堵房缺后心房纤颤的电复律治疗

目的 :初步评价房间隔缺损并发心房纤颤患者应用 Am platzer伞封堵房间隔缺损后心房纤颤的电复律疗效。方法 :2例患者 （5 1～ 5 3岁 ）。在透视及食管超声心动图监视下经导管置入 Amplatzer伞封堵房间隔缺损。术后即时行超声心动图 ,术后 2 4h,和 1,3,6月 ,分别行经胸超声心动图评价房间隔缺损治疗效果。术后 6月行电复律。结果 :2例患者疗效均佳 ,房间隔未见残余分流 ,电复律成功 ,患者转为窦性心律 ,复律后无并发症及 Amplatzer伞移位。结论 :应用 Am platzer伞封堵房间隔缺损并发心房纤颤患者 ,电复律易成功 ,是一种安全有效的复律方法。     

胺碘酮在老年心房纤颤患者中的应用（附9例报告）

目的心房纤颤是老年人中一种常见的心律失常，及时控制心室率与转复维持窦性心律是治疗该病的两种主要治疗方式。通过临床观察，可达龙是维持窦性心律最有效的药物，同时对转复房颤，减慢心率作用明显。方法按胺碘酮（可达龙）药物常规治疗方法用药。结果对心房纤颤，特别是快速房颤、左室功能不全的老年患者，可达龙可列为一线治疗药物。结论本文结果表明可达龙在治疗心房纤颤中具有良好的疗效，且副作用较小，在治疗房颤中相对安全，在转复房颤并维持窦性心律方面是一种有效的抗心律失常药。     

二尖瓣狭窄并发心房颤动的危险因素探讨

目的探讨二尖瓣狭窄并发心房颤动(房颤)的危险因素。方法采用非条件Logistic回归模型对连续行二尖瓣球囊扩张术(PBMV)的260例二尖瓣狭窄患者进行并发房颤的危险因素分析。PBMV后对房颤患者进行复律治疗并随访。结果二尖瓣狭窄并发房颤的预测因子是左心房内径(P<0.0001)、年龄(P<0.0001)及病程(P=0.0007)。PBMV后左心房内径缩小,113例患者经药物或直流电转复窦性心律;随访(12±6.8)个月,31例(28.2％)患者房颤复发,左心房内径(P<0.0001)是转复窦性心律患者房颤复发的独立预测因子。结论左心房内径、年龄和病程是决定二尖瓣狭窄患者发生房颤的最重要的因素。左心房内径也是决定PBMV后转复窦性心律患者能否维持窦性心律的主要因素。     

心房颤动总是"引发"心房颤动吗?

心房颤动(AF)是临床上常见的心律失常,心房重构和AF"引发"AF概念的提出是对AF病理生理机制研究的重大进展,但临床上有关AF的诸多问题并不能都用AF"引发"AF和单纯的心房电重构来解释,本文就AF"引发"AF这一问题结合有关文献作一综述.     

阵发性房颤随访情况和阵发性房颤进展的危险因素

目的 观察阵发性房颤的随访情况和分析阵发性房颤进展的危险因素。方法 对216例阵发性房颤患者进行随访,观察其主要结局（是否发生房颤进展）和临床事件（卒中、心力衰竭、再住院和出血事件）,再按是否房颤进展分为房颤进展组（n=87）和房颤未进展组（n=129）。采用巢式病例对照研究方法,进行单因素分析和多因素分析（采用多因素Logistic回归模型）,分析影响房颤进展的危险因素。结果 216例阵发性房颤患者经过3.45年（中位数）随访发生房颤进展者87例,其发生进展率为40.2%,年进展率为11.7%。房颤进展组脑卒中、心力衰竭、房颤相关的再住院发生率均显著高于房颤未进展组（分别17% vs. 6%,18% vs. 5%,37% vs. 17%, 分别P<0.05,P<0.01和P<0.01）;两组间病死率及出血发生率差异未达到显著水平。多因素分析显示,年龄(OR 1.082,95%CI 1.016-1.392,P<0.05)、左房内径>45 mm(OR 2.339,95%CI 1.445-3.785,P<0.05)、CHADS2评分>3分(OR 1.382,95%CI 1.081-1.987,P<0.05)以及超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）水平(OR 1.124,95%CI 1.005-2.345,P<0.05 )是房颤进展的独立危险因素。结论 阵发性房颤进展的年发生率为11.6%。影响房颤进展的独立危险因素为年龄、左房内径、hs-CRP水平及CHADS2评分。     

Predictors of atrial fibrillation recurrence in patients with long-lasting atrial fibrillation

BACKGROUND:

Limited data are available on the predictors of atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence in patients with chronic AF.

OBJECTIVES:

To evaluate potential clinical, echocardiographic and electrophysiological predictors of AF recurrence after internal cardioversion for long-lasting AF.

METHODS:

A total of 99 consecutive patients (63 men and 36 women, mean age 63.33±9.27 years) with long-standing AF (52.42±72.02 months) underwent internal cardioversion with a catheter that consisted of two defibrillating coils. Shocks were delivered according to a step-up protocol. Clinical follow-up and electrocardiographic recordings were performed on a monthly basis for a 12-month period or whenever patients experienced symptoms suggestive of recurrent AF.

RESULTS:

Ninety-three patients (93.94%) underwent a successful uncomplicated cardioversion, with a mean atrial defibrillation threshold of 10.69±6.76 J. Immediate reinitiation of AF was observed in 15 patients (15.78%) of whom a repeated cardioversion restored sinus rhythm in 13 cases. Early recurrence of AF (within one week) was observed in 12 of 93 patients (12.90%). At the end of the 12-month follow-up period, during which seven patients were lost, 42 of the 86 remaining patients (48.84%) were still in sinus rhythm. Multivariate regression analysis showed that left atrial diameter (OR 1.126, 95% CI 1.015 to 1.249; P=0.025) and mitral A wave velocity (OR 0.972, 95% CI 0.945 to 0.999; P=0.044) were significant and independent predictors of AF recurrence, whereas age, left ventricular ejection fraction and AF cycle length were not predictive of arrhythmia recurrence.

CONCLUSION:

The present study showed that the left atrial diameter and mitral A wave velocity are the only variables associated with AF recurrence after successful cardioversion.     

Cardioversion in atrial fibrillation. Focus on recent-onset atrial fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation is the most common sustained arrhythmia encountered in clinical practice. Its prevalence is rising due to an increasing elderly population and the improvement in management of life-threatening diseases such as myocardial infarction and heart failure. Over the past few years effective non-pharmacological treatments, new antiarrhythmics drugs, and anticoagulants have been introduced. Regardless of rate-control or rhythm control strategy, adequate stroke prevention still remains a cornerstone in the treatment of this arrhythmia. This review aims to illustrate the main practical issues in the management of atrial fibrillation, focusing on patients with recent-onset and hemodynamically stable atrial fibrillation.     

Deglutition-induced atrial fibrillation

We present the case of 38-year-old woman who experienced palpitations on swallowing, which were later found to be atrial fibrillation. Her symptoms improved on treatment with disopyramide and verapamil. Within 9 months, she was weaned from both medications without recurrence of symptoms.     

Postoperative atrial fibrillation

Postoperative atrial fibrillation is associated with significant morbidity, longer hospital stay, and higher related costs. Although the etiologic mechanism of postoperative atrial fibrillation and its optimum method of prophylaxis or management are not well defined, progress has been made during the past decade. This review focused on recent findings leading to a better understanding of the mechanisms and management of atrial fibrillation after surgery and current approaches directed at prevention of thromboembolic sequelae. Because postoperative atrial fibrillation is a frequent complication, preoperative risk assessment algorithms are being proposed to minimize the number of patients in whom an intervention to prevent atrial fibrillation is undertaken, and thus, reduce toxicity due to antiarrhythmic drug therapy. Finally, current data suggest that once atrial fibrillation has occurred, a rate-control strategy during the first 8 to 12 hours is reasonable because 50% of those episodes will resolve during this period. Beyond this period, a more aggressive approach using class IC or III antiarrhythmic drugs will hopefully reduce the number of patients requiring anticoagulation and prolonged drug therapy.     

New-onset atrial fibrillation

Patients with new-onset atrial fibrillation are often hospitalized emergently. To determine whether this is necessary, the authors retrospectively reviewed the care of 97 consecutive patients with this illness. No reason for the atrial fibrillation in 43 patients could be identified. Hypertension, coronary artery disease, and valvular heart disease were the most commonly associated conditions; myocardial infarction occurred in one patient. In 82% of patients, atrial fibrillation reverted to normal sinus rhythm during hospitalization. Three patients needed emergent hospitalization irrespective of the presence of atrial fibrillation. In the remainder, admission was based solely on the diagnosis of new-onset atrial fibrillation. Ninety-eight per cent had an uncomplicated hospital course. It is concluded that hospitalization is not necessary for all patients with new-onset atrial fibrillation. Those in whom reversion to normal sinus rhythm occurs rapidly during digoxin therapy can be discharged. Where no major medical illness is evident patients can be admitted to a bed outside the intensive care unit until reversion to normal sinus rhythm or rate control is achieved. Received from the Department of Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York, and the Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Cornell University Medical College, New York, New York. Supported in part by a grant from the Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association Foundation.