盆腔脏器联合切除术治疗晚期直肠癌

目的：探讨提高晚期直肠癌的外科治疗经验及效果。方法：对1984年至2000年43例局部扩散的直肠癌患进行了盆腔脏器联合切除术，其中包括全盆腔脏器切除、后盆腔脏器切除及邻近盆腔脏器切除，并分析其远期疗效。结果：本组手术根治性切除率95．3％，手术并发症发生率11．6％，3年生存率为87％，5年生存率为63％。结论：盆腔脏器联合切除术为局部扩散的晚期直肠癌患提供了根治性再切除的机会，延长了生存期。严格的病例筛选，对尿路改道的技巧性操作以及盆底腹膜的妥善修复是保证手术成功，减少术后并发症的关键。     

根治性女性骨盆腔脏器切除术

盆腔脏器切除术是外科基本、技术性较强的盆腔肿瘤的整块切除术。不同类型的盆腔脏器切除术可用于宫颈癌、阴道癌、结肠癌、直肠癌、膀胱癌、子宫癌、前列腺癌以及其他脏器恶性肿瘤晚期的治疗 ,用于原发性及复发癌的根治性或姑息性治疗。手术的类型 :盆腔脏器的切除术有三种类型 :盆腔脏器全切除术（ＴＰＥ） ,前盆腔脏器切除术（ＡＰＥ）和后盆腔脏器切除术（ＰＰＥ）。ＴＰＥ包括切除直肠、远端结肠、膀胱输尿管的低段、所有的内生殖器、会阴部分、盆腔淋巴结引流管以及盆腔腹膜。ＡＰＥ包括基本的子宫切除术、盆腔淋巴结清除术 ,全膀胱切…     

盆腔脏器联合切除术治疗晚期直肠癌

目的　探讨提高晚期直肠癌的外科治疗经验及效果。方法　对 1984年至 2 0 0 0年 4 3例局部扩散的直肠癌患者进行了盆腔脏器联合切除术 ,其中包括全盆腔脏器切除、后盆腔脏器切除及邻近盆腔脏器切除 ,并分析其远期疗效。结果　本组手术根治性切除率 95 3% ,手术并发症发生率 11 6 % ,3年生存率为 87% ,5年生存率为 6 3%。结论　盆腔脏器联合切除术为局部扩散的晚期直肠癌患者提供了根治性再切除的机会 ,延长了生存期。严格的病例筛选 ,对尿路改道的技巧性操作以及盆底腹膜的妥善修复是保证手术成功 ,减少术后并发症的关键     

进展期直肠癌侵犯邻近脏器手术治疗184例分析

目的：探讨直肠癌侵犯邻近脏器手术切除的疗效。方法：回顾性分析我院1974年至1998手术治疗184例直肠癌侵犯邻近脏器临床资料,根治性切除124例,姑息性切除42例,单纯结肠造瘘18例。结果：术后总的1、3和5年生存率分别为85．9％、64．4％和47．9％。其中根治性切除组1、3和5年生存率分别为93．4％、80．7％和63．7％;姑息性切除组为71．7％、42．8％和25．0％;单纯造瘘组为62．5％、30．0％和12．0％。根治性切除组5年生存率显高于姑息性切除和造瘘组（P＜0．05）。结论：对直肠癌侵犯邻脏器的患,只要没有肝脏弥漫性转移、腹膜肿植和淋巴结广泛转移等不能治愈的因素,都应将直肠癌和受侵犯脏器一并切除,以达到根治的目的;对有不能治愈因素存在,则应急取切除直肠癌原发灶,术后辅以化疗和放疗,以提高生存质量和延长生存期。     

从直肠癌保肛手术局部复发的形式探讨TME 与扩大根治术的互补性

目的：从直肠癌保肛手术局部复发形式探讨TME和扩大根治术的差异和互补性。方法：分析1975年10月-2001年5月收治的术后局部复发的81例的复发形式、发生原因及治疗情况。结果：81例中，吻合口及其周围组织复发49例．局部淋巴结转移17例，多部位复发15例。改行腹会阴联合切除58例，其中合并周围脏器的全盆或后盆腔脏器切除6例：行Harimann术4例；单纯双腔造瘘12例；探查7例，手术切除率76．5％（62／81），其中32例达到临床根治．根治率39．5％（32／81）。根治切除的5年生存率是34．4％（11／32）。结论：直肠癌手术时，为防止术后局部复发，根据病情兼顾扩大根治术和TME原则．合理实施手术是关键。     

直肠瘘或膀胱瘘致盆部顽固疼痛的治疗方法及疗效

目的探讨宫颈癌、直肠癌综合治疗(放疗、手术、化疗及其他治疗)后出现直肠瘘、膀胱瘘导致盆部顽固疼痛的治疗方法及疗效。方法回顾性分析2016年6月至2022年6月银川市第一人民医院和郑州大学附属肿瘤医院收治盆腔疼痛患者的临床病理资料, 探讨患者综合治疗后出现盆部顽固疼痛的原因, 观察临床治疗后相应的疗效。结果 32例肿瘤患者综合治疗后出现盆部顽固性疼痛, 其中宫颈癌22例, 直肠癌10例。全组患者术前疼痛评分为(7.88±1.31)分。32例患者中, 直肠阴道瘘或回肠阴道瘘16例, 膀胱阴道瘘9例, 直肠会阴瘘5例, 膀胱阴道直肠瘘2例。32例患者初期给予药物止痛治疗, 并根据溃破脏器行相应的近端肠管及肾盂造瘘, 截留肠内容物及尿液, 疼痛未明显缓解, 以上方式治疗1周疼痛评分为(8.13±1.13)分, 与术前相比, 差异无统计学意义(P=0.417)。后期根据肿瘤是否复发、脏器是否有保留价值、手术是否受益、生存时间与提高生活质量权衡等综合评判, 行病变脏器切除或修补, 手术方式包括瘘口的修补、局部清创+近端肠液截留冲洗、乙状结肠远端闭合+近端造瘘术、后盆腔脏器切除、前盆腔脏器切除和全盆...     

直肠癌全直肠系膜切除术24例临床分析

目的：探讨直肠癌患者行全直肠系膜切除术（TME）的临床疗效。方法：对24例直肠癌患者按照TME原则行根治性切除术的临床资料进行分析。结果：24例均获得根治性切除。其中19例行吻合器吻合。术后发生吻合口瘘1例,二次手术行结肠造瘘术。术后根据病情行辅助化疗及放疗。本组病例全部获得随访,时间3-31个月,均无肿瘤局部复发和远处转移。结论：TME是预防直肠癌术后局部复发,提高生活质量的有效措施。直肠癌根治性手术中采用TME手术方法是完全有必要的。     

手术分型及盆底重建在局部复发或局部晚期直肠癌盆腔脏器联合切除术中的应用价值

目的：探讨手术分型及盆底重建在局部复发或局部晚期直肠癌盆腔脏器联合切除术中的应用价值。方法：采用回顾性描述性研究方法。通过中国直肠癌盆腔脏器联合切除病例数据库收集2021年11月—2022年11月海军军医大学第二附属医院肛肠外科收治的连续67例局部晚期或局部复发直肠癌接受盆腔脏器联合切除术病例的围手术期数据。手术范围分为主要局限在骨盆腔内（48例）与合并骨盆壁主要组织切除（19例）2类。观察指标：（1）患者术前一般资料;（2）术中情况;（3）术后恢复及并发症发生情况（术后并发症采用国际Clavien-Dindo分级进行评价）;（4）随访情况（采用门诊及电话方式进行随访,了解患者的术后生存、肿瘤复发和转移情况,随访时间截至2023年2月28日或病例死亡）。计量资料采用中位数（范围）表示,计数资料采用例（%）表示。结果：主要局限在骨盆腔内切除组48例患者的中位年龄为57.5岁（范围：31～82岁）;男性29例、女性19例;26例为局部晚期直肠癌,22例为局部复发性直肠癌;39例有化疗、免疫治疗和靶向治疗史,26例有放疗史;中位手术时间为425 min（范围：240～1 020 min）;术...     

直肠癌术后局部复发的诊断与治疗(附38例分析)

目的 探讨直肠癌术后局部复发的原因及外科治疗中存在的问题。方法 回顾性分析３８例局部复发性直肠癌病例资料,并进行术后随访。结果 ３８例局部复发性直肠癌有９例行根治术,２９例行姑息性切除术,术后根治组平均生存时间３７个月,姑息组２１个月。根治组生存期比姑息组显著延长。但９例病人术后出现了严重并发症,如盆腔脓肿、肠梗阻、瘘管等。结论 对直肠癌术后局部复发病人应进行选择性手术治疗。     

直肠癌术后局部复发二次手术临床病理分析

目的:探讨直肠癌术后局部复发再手术的适应证及手术方法.方法:对1998-01-2004-12收治的58例直肠癌根治术后局部复发的患者进行再手术治疗并对其疗效进行回顾性分析.结果:58例患者根治性切除28例(48.27%),姑息性切除20例,剖腹探查或单纯造瘘10例.根治性手术、姑息性手术及未切除患者的5年生存率分别为21.2%、11.1%和0,中住生存期分别为42、19和7个月.结论:对于局部复发性直肠癌积极再手术能有效延长患者的生存期,提高生存率.     

Radical prostatectomy for locally advanced primary or recurrent rectal cancer.

AIM: Three papers including five patients have described en bloc radical prostatectomy for locally advanced rectal cancer. METHODS: Six patients (median age 63 years) underwent en bloc radical prostatectomy for locally advanced (3) or recurrent (3) rectal cancer involving the prostate. Quality of life questionnaires were answered postoperatively and the data prospectively entered in a database. RESULTS: One primary case had low anterior resection (LAR), the others abdominoperineal resections (APR) of R0 stage. Two recurrent cases had APRs and one tumour resection-all R1 stage. Anastomotic leakage led to construction of an ileal conduit in one patient and in two healed on conservative treatment. Follow up was 10-50 months. One patient died from distant metastases at 29 months postoperatively, one was operated for a single lung metastasis and one has disseminated lung metastases. None has developed local recurrence. Four of the five with anastomoses had good quality of life and none wanted an ileal conduit. CONCLUSION: In spite of a relatively high urinary leak rate the total complication rate seems to be lower than after pelvic exenteration. En bloc radical prostatectomy seems an option in selected patients otherwise needing pelvic exenteration for locally advanced or recurrent rectal cancer.     

Total pelvic exenteration for primary and locally recurrent rectal cancer

Thirteen patients with advanced carcinoma of the lower colon and no evidence of extrapelvic metastasis were submitted to total pelvic exenteration with urinary diversion. The operative mortality rate was 7.7%. Determinate 5-year survival rate of 40% was achieved. Local recurrence of rectal cancer following abdominoperineal resection is rarely amenable to limited resection. Six patients with deeply invading recurrent lesions had pelvic exenteration combined with sacral resection. This procedure seems a reasonable treatment for palliation and the chance of cure in selected patients. CT examination of the pelvis is very valuable for the early detection and localization of recurrence.     

Pelvic exenteration and composite sacral resection in the surgical treatment of locally recurrent rectal cancer

BackgroundThe incidence of rectal cancer recurrence after surgery is 5–45%. Extended pelvic resection which entails En-bloc resection of the tumor and adjacent involved organs provides the only true possible curative option for patients with locally recurrent rectal cancer.AimTo evaluate the surgical and oncological outcome of such treatment.Patients and methodsBetween 2006 and 2012 a consecutive series of 40 patients with locally recurrent rectal cancer underwent abdominosacral resection (ASR) in 18 patients, total pelvic exenteration with sacral resection in 10 patients and extended pelvic exenteration in 12 patients. Patients with sacral resection were 28, with the level of sacral division at S2–3 interface in 10 patients, at S3–4 in 15 patients and S4–5 in 3 patients.ResultsForty patients, male to female ratio 1.7:1, median age 45 years (range 25–65 years) underwent extended pelvic resection in the form of pelvic exenteration and abdominosacral resection. Morbidity, re-admission and mortality rates were 55%, 37.5%, and 5%, respectively. Mortality occurred in 2 patients due to perineal flap sepsis and massive myocardial infarction. A R0 and R1 sacral resection were achieved in 62.5% and 37.5%, respectively. The 5-year overall survival rate was 22.6% and the 4-year recurrence free survival was 31.8%.ConclusionExtended pelvic resection as pelvic exenteration and sacral resection for locally recurrent rectal cancer are effective procedures with tolerable mortality rate and acceptable outcome. The associated morbidity remains high and deserves vigilant follow up.     

Seven cases of pelvic exenteration combined with sacral resection for locally recurrent rectal cancer

Local recurrence of rectal cancer following abdominoperineal resection is rarely amenable to limited resection. Carcinoembryonic antigen assay is valuable for diagnosing most recurrent rectal cancers, but it is inadequate for early detection. Pelvic computed tomography examination is very valuable for the early detection and localization of recurrence in relation to pelvic structures and can also serve as a guide in percutaneous needle biopsy of the tumor. Seven patients with deeply invading recurrent lesions underwent pelvic exenteration combined with sacral resection. The ileal segment conduit was used for ureteral urinary diversion. The mean operation time and blood loss were 8.8 hours and 6,200 ml, respectively. No operative deaths were encountered. One patient is alive 22 months postoperatively with no evidence of disease, and another patient is alive 32 months postoperatively with pelvic wall recurrence. This procedure seems a reasonable treatment for palliation and full recovery in certain patients.     

Outcomes of urinary diversion after surgery for locally advanced or locally recurrent rectal cancer with complete cystectomy; ileal and colon conduit

IntroductionSurgery for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) or locally recurrent rectal cancer (LRRC) may require total pelvic exenteration with the need for urinary diversion. The aim of this study was to describe outcomes for ileal and colon conduits after surgery for LARC and LRRC.MethodsAll consecutive patients from two tertiary referral centers who underwent total pelvic exenteration for LARC or LRRC between 2000 and 2018 with cystectomy and urinary reconstruction using an ileal or colon conduit were retrospectively analyzed. Short- (≤30 days) and long-term (>30 days) complications were described for an ileal and colon conduit.Results259 patients with LARC (n = 131) and LRRC (n = 128) were included, of whom 214 patients received an ileal conduit and 45 patients a colon conduit. Anastomotic leakage of the ileo-ileal anastomosis occurred in 9 patients (4%) after performing an ileal conduit. Ileal conduit was associated with a higher rate of postoperative ileus (21% vs 7%, p = 0.024), but a lower proportion of wound infections than a colon conduit (14% vs 31%, p = 0.006). The latter did not remain significant in multivariate analysis. No difference was observed in the rate of uretero-enteric anastomotic leakage, urological complications, mortality rates, major complications (Clavien-Dindo≥3), or hospital stay between both groups.ConclusionPerforming a colon conduit in patients undergoing total pelvic exenteration for LARC or LRRC avoids the risks of ileo-ileal anastomotic leakage and may reduce the risk of a post-operative ileus. Besides, there are no other differences in outcome for ileal and colon conduits.     

Sphincter-preserving extended resection for locally advanced rectosigmoid carcinoma involving the urinary bladder.

Radical en bloc resection has gained acceptance in the management of locally advanced colorectal carcinoma. Total pelvic exenteration has been advocated as treatment for rectosigmoid cancers involving adjacent genitourinary structures. We report a series of 10 patients who underwent total cystectomy with en bloc segmental colorectal resection and restoration of intestinal continuity. All margins, including the distal colorectal margin of resection, were pathologically uninvolved by tumor. The median follow-up on these patients was 44 months and the mean survival was 42.5 months. The local recurrence rate (20%) and survival rates are comparable to those in reports describing pelvic exenteration for colorectal cancer. Our patients had normal postoperative bowel function. An extended colorectal resection, including a total cystectomy with rectal sphincter preservation, is occasionally possible when tumor-negative resection margins can be achieved. By restoring intestinal continuity, such an operation provides an improved quality of life, and more importantly, fulfills the criteria for an oncologically sound operation.     

局部晚期直肠癌术前与术后同步放化疗的疗效比较

[目的]比较术前同步放化疗与术后同步放化疗对局部晚期中低位直肠癌的临床疗效和不良反应。[方法]收集100例局部晚期中低位直肠癌患者,50例行术前同步放化疗,同期50例先行根治术再行术后同步放化疗,比较两组的保肛率、局部复发率和生存率以及不良反应。[结果]术前同步放化疗的保肛率明显高于术后同步放化疗组,而局部复发率明显低于术后同步放化疗组（P〈0.05）,3、5年生存率两组间没有差别（P〉0.05）。[结论]局部晚期中低位直肠癌术前同步放化疗可以提高保肛率,降低局部复发率,值得临床推广。     

无辅助切口完全腹腔镜下直肠外翻拖出式直肠癌根治的临床研究

目的：探讨无辅助切口完全腹腔镜下直肠外翻拖出式直肠癌根治的临床应用价值。方法：回顾性分析术前Dukes A期26例患者,行无辅助切口完全腹腔镜下直肠外翻拖出式直肠癌根治术的临床病理资料,其中直肠癌Dixon术式21例,Miles术式5例。结果：26例直肠癌均在完全腹腔镜下完成手术,无死亡病例,上端切缘距肿瘤大于10cm,下端切缘大于3cm;病理均为腺癌,切缘无癌组织残留。术中出血量（15-310）ml,平均87.89ml;手术时间（109-297）min,平均173.45min;术后肠蠕动恢复时间（27-88）h,平均49.97h;术后住院（7-12）d,平均8.69d;淋巴结清扫（2-20）枚,平均12.3枚。术后有1例吻合口出血,无吻合口瘘和狭窄等并发症,术后短期随访局部复发l例,其他患者无复发、转移及trocar切口的种植转移。结论：无辅助切口完全腹腔镜下直肠外翻拖出式直肠癌根治手术是安全可行的,患者痛苦小,并发症少,可获最佳美容,术后恢复快,与常规开腹手术疗效相当。     

从直肠癌保肛手术局部复发的形式探讨TME与扩大根治术的互补性

Objective： To investigate the difference and complementarity between total mesorectal excision （TME） and radical resection in relation to postoperative local recurrence in patients receiving anus-reserve operation on rectal cancer. Methods： Clinical data of 81 cases during a period from 1975 to 2001 were retrospectively analyzed. Results： In the 81 cases with local recurrence, 49 of them laid to anastomosis and mesorectum, 17 lymph nodes and 15 multi-site relapse. The choice of operative procedure included abdominoperineal resection in 58 cases, Hartmann＇s operation in 4 cases, simple double-pelvic stoma in 12 cases, exploration in 7 cases, and total pelvic or rear-pelvic resection in combination with other organs in 6 cases. The rate of resection was 84.0% （68/81）. 32 cases reached clinical radical degree, and the rate of radical resection was 39.5% （32/81）. The 5-year survival rate was 34.4% （11/32）. Conclusion： Based on actual condition of the patients, attention to radical resection and total mesorectal excision are necessary, and reasonable adoption of the operative procedure could reduce the local recurrence of rectal cancer.