食管癌高/低发区食管癌、贲门癌及胃癌检出率比较

[目的]比较食管癌高/低发区食管癌、贲门癌和胃癌检出率,进一步了解遗传和环境因素对食管和贲门癌变的影响。[方法]选择食管癌高发区河北磁县及河南安阳市肿瘤医院就诊患者6864例,低发区河南濮阳市人民医院就诊患者6682例,所有患者均行电子胃镜检查,分析各疾病的检出情况。[结果]高发区食管癌、贲门癌和胃癌分别检出1294例、520例和43例,低发区分别检出482例、165例和146例。高/低发区男性食管癌检出率均高于女性。且高发区食管癌、贲门癌、胃癌的家族史阳性率均显著性高于低发区（P均〈0.05）。[结论]食管癌的发生是环境因素与遗传因素相互作用的结果,探讨高/低发区致癌因素的差异,可为食管及贲门病变的发病机制及预防提供依据。     

C - myb 表达与食管癌后程加速超分割放疗敏感性的研究简

目的：探讨C-myb表达与食管癌后程加速超分割放疗（LCAF）的关系。方法：对106例食管癌患者根据C-myb表达分为阴性常规组、阴性后超组、阳性常规组和阳性后超组四个组,阴性及阳性常规组均进行常规分割放疗,2Gy/次,5次/周,至DT 60-64Gy/30-32次。阴性后超组和阳性后超组先进行常规分割放疗,方法同常规组,至DT 40Gy/20次后行后程加速超分割放疗,1.5Gy/次,2次/日,间隔6小时,每周5天,总剂量DT 65.4-67Gy/38-39次,5.8-6.2周。结果：阴性常规组及后超组、阳性常规组及后超组的3年局控率分为61.3%、68.0%、37.9%、52.4%;3年生存率分为32.3%、36.0%、13.8%、23.8%。结论：C-myb表达阴性者后程加速超分割放疗虽提高了疗效,但未达统计学意义。C-myb表达阳性者采用后程加速超分割放疗较常规分割放疗提高了疗效。     

食管癌和贲门癌2638例外科治疗分析

1975至1988年外科治疗食管癌和贲门癌2638例,总切除率79.0％,其中食管癌切除率84.4％(1362/1613),贲门癌切除率70.3％(721/1025)。术后六项主要并发症发生率12.3％,其中吻合口瘘率4.1％。总手术死亡率2.1％,切除死亡率2.5％。切除术后5年及10年生存率分别为食管癌22.4％和15.1％,贲门癌15.3％和13.8％。分析表明影响术后5年生存率主要因素为临床病理分期。本文并对切除率,手术并发症及防治措施,提高远期生存率方面进行讨论。     

食管癌贲门癌术后心律失常原因分析

食管癌贲门癌术后心律失常原因分析秦允生，陈玉泉，卢诗杰，许强周食管癌贲门癌术后发生各种心律失常十分常见，严重心律失常可影响病人的呼吸及循环功能，甚至危及生命。同时，某些心律失常的出现，往往是其他严重并发症的一种表现。因此，对其正确认识和处理有重要的临...     

肿瘤住院患者跌倒认知现状分析简

目的：分析肿瘤住院患者跌倒认知现状,探讨科学、有效的预防措施.方法：采用自行设计的量表,对2012年5月在胸部肿瘤病房住院治疗的139例恶性肿瘤患者进行了跌倒的认知调查.结果：肿瘤患者的跌倒自我认知能力较差,对药物、放化疗引发跌倒的危害性缺乏认识.结论：建立健全的、动态的肿瘤患者预防跌倒评估体系,加强患者安全管理意识,实施有效的干预措施,能有效降低跌倒的发生率,为病人提供更优质、更安全的护理服务.     

食管癌和贲门癌87例临床分析

食管癌和贲门癌８７例临床分析从顺田天津市塘沽医院肿瘤科（天津市塘沽区３００４５０）天津市塘沽医院肿瘤科自１９７８年４月至１９８９年４月共收治食管癌４９例和贲门癌３８例，现报道如下。１临床资料１．１性别及年龄本组食管癌４９例，男４０例，女９例；年龄２３...     

眼睑 Merkel 细胞癌临床病理分析简

目的：探讨眼睑Merkel细胞癌（Merkel cell carcinoma,MCC）的临床病理特征、诊断与鉴别诊断。方法：观察1例眼睑MCC的组织病理特点和免疫组化染色结果,并复习相关文献。结果：患者男性,78岁。以“发现右眼下睑无痛性结节样包块6月增大1月”入院。基于冷冻切片（Mohs显微外科）评估安全切缘的肿瘤扩大切除术被实施。巨检肿瘤切面呈灰白色,边界清楚。镜下病变主要位于眼睑真皮层,无表皮浸润。肿瘤呈弥漫片层状或巢索状排列,主要由小圆细胞构成,形态单调一致,胞质较少,嗜酸性,核大,圆形或卵圆形,轮廓清晰,细胞呈裸核状,染色质呈空泡状或细颗粒状,核分裂明显。免疫组化显示除了经典神经内分泌抗体如Syn、CgA外,肿瘤细胞还表达CK及CK20（一种关键的MCC诊断标记物）,而HMB45、LCA和TTF-1等阴性。结论：Merkel细胞癌是一种罕见的伴有神经内分泌分化的致死性皮肤恶性肿瘤,预后差。需与“小圆蓝细胞肿瘤”成员如恶性淋巴瘤、小细胞无色素性黑色素瘤和转移性肺小细胞癌等鉴别。     

食管鳞癌组织中 p53 和 HER -2 表达及其临床意义简

目的：探讨食管鳞癌组织（ESCC）中p53和HER-2的表达及其与临床病理及生存时间之间的相关性。方法：免疫组织化学法检测102例已行手术切除的食管鳞癌组织中p53和HER-2的表达水平,分析比较p53及HER-2两者的相关性,及两者和临床病理之间的关系,比较p53和HER-2的表达水平和患者平均生存时间之间的相关性。结果：102例ESCC组织中56例癌组织的p53表达阳性（54．90％）。其阳性表达与患者性别、年龄、病变长度、部位、临床TNM分期、癌细胞分化程度、区域淋巴结转移未呈现相关性（P〉0．05）;22例患者癌组织HER-2表达阳性（21．57％）,其阳性与组织分化程度、区域淋巴结转移正相关（P〈0．05）;与患者的年龄、性别、病变部位、病变长度及临床TNM分期未见有相关性（P〉0．05）。HER-2与p53两者的表达显著正相关（r=0．343,P=0．01）。通过随访,HER-2表达阳性组生存时间与阴性组比较有显著差异,前者生存时间较后者短（37．37±1．75个月VS44．71±1．37个月,P〈0．05）;p53表达阳性组与阴性组未见显著性差异（40．37±0．76个月VS44．11±1．15个月,P〉0．05）。结论：p53与HER-2蛋白在ESCC中均过表达,HER-2蛋白过表达可能提示预后不良,p53过表达与预后无相关性,两者可能在ESCC的发生、发展中存在相关性。     

Cost-benefit analysis of screening for esophageal and gastric cardiac cancer

In 2005, a program named Early Detection and Early Treatment of Esophageal and Cardiac Cancer (EDETEC) was initiated in China. A total of 8279 residents aged 40-69 years old were recruited into the EDETEC program in Linzhou of Henan Province between 2005 and 2008. Howerer, the cost-benefit of the EDETEC program is not very clear yet. We conducted herein a cost-benefit analysis of screening for esophageal and cardiac cancer. The assessed costs of the EDETEC program included screening costs for each subject, ...     

中国食管癌高发区磁县上消化道癌两个时期发病率的比较与分析

  目的  探讨我国食管癌高发区磁县上消化道癌不同时期发病率情况。  方法  分析磁县2003~2012年上消化道癌发病资料,计算年度发病率,中国人口结构标化发病率(简称中标率)和世界人口结构标化发病率(简称世标率),并分割为前后两个时期,进行年度及各年龄组比较。  结果  2003~2012年上消化道癌粗发病率为165.36/10万。其中2003~2007年粗发病率为171.55/10万,2008~2012年粗发病率为151.41/10万,后5年发病率较前5年有所降低;其中食管癌2003~2012年粗发病率为108.05/10万,前后两个时期比较(2003~2007年为116.87/10万,2008~2012年为99.58/10万),后5年较前5年明显下降;贲门癌2003~2012年总体粗发病率为31.21/10万,两个时期比较(2003~2007年为29.11/10万,2008~2012年为33.23/10万)后5年较前5年有所升高;远端胃癌2003~2012年总体粗发病率为26.10/10万,两个时期比较(2003~2007年粗发病率为25.57/10万,2008~2012年为26.60/10万)后5年较前5年略有增高。  结论  食管癌发病下降明显,但仍是磁县居民发病的首位,贲门癌明显上升,远端胃癌男性增高明显,而女性略有下降,提示需重点开展贲门癌及远端胃的防治,早诊早治非常重要。      

2010-2018年甘肃省胃癌发病死亡比较分析

目的:分析2010-2018年全球、亚洲、东亚地区、中国、甘肃省胃癌发病、死亡情况.为中国及甘肃省胃癌预防控制工作提供流行病学依据.方法:中国人口标准化率(中标率)采用2000年全国人口普查的标准人口年龄构成,世界人口标准化率(世标率)采用Segi's标准人口年龄构成.由GLOBOCAN数据库获得全球、亚洲、东亚地区、...     

Epstein-Barr virus serology and gastric cancer incidence and survival

Among 185 cases of gastric cancer and 200 controls in Linxian, China, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) seropositivity was not associated with increased risk of gastric cancer. High EBV nuclear antigen titres were associated with longer survival in cardia cancer cases, possibly due to chance.     

Esophageal and gastric cancer incidence trends in Golestan,Iran: An age-period-cohort analysis 2004 to 2018

Golestan province in the northeast of Iran is part of the Asian esophageal cancer belt and is known as a high-risk area for esophageal (EC) and gastric cancers (GC). Data on incident cases of EC and GC during 2004 to 2018 were obtained from the Golestan Population-based Cancer Registry (GPCR). The age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs) were calculated and presented per 100 000 person-years. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated. We also fitted age-period-cohort (APC) models to assess nonlinear period and cohort effects as incidence rate ratios (IRRs). Overall, 3004 new cases of EC (ASR = 15.7) and 3553 cases of GC (ASR = 18.3) were registered in the GPCR. We found significant decreasing trends in incidence rates of EC (EAPC = −5.0; 95% CI: −7.8 to −2.2) and less marked nonsignificant trends for GC (EAPC = −1.4; 95% CI: −4.0 to 1.4) during 2004 to 2018. There was a strong cohort effect for EC with a consistent decrease in the IRR across successive birth cohorts, starting with the oldest birth cohort (1924; IRR = 1.9 vs the reference birth cohort of 1947) through to the most recent cohort born in 1988 (IRR = 0.1). The marked declines in EC incidence rates in Golestan relate to generational changes in its underlying risk factors. Despite favorable trends, this population remains at high risk of both EC and GC. Further studies are warranted to measure the impact of the major risk factors on incidence with a view to designing effective preventative programs.     

Correlation of hMLH1 and HPP1 hypermethylation in gastric, but not in esophageal and cardiac adenocarcinoma

Using methylation-specific real-time PCR, we determined the prevalence of aberrant methylation in the mismatch repair gene hMLH1 and in the recently described HPP1 gene among 50 esophageal, 50 cardiac and 50 gastric ADCs. Additionally, expression of hMLH1 protein was detected immunohistochemically and correlated with DNA MSI. Hypermethylation of hMLH1 was found in 14% of esophageal, 28% of cardiac and 32% of gastric ADCs, whereas HPP1 hypermethylation was found more frequently in the 3 tumor types (64% vs. 38% vs. 54%). In gastric ADC, HPP1 hypermethylation was found more frequently in tumors with concomitant hMLH1 hypermethylation (81%) than in those without hMLH1 hypermethylation (41%, p = 0.008). Complete loss of hMLH1 protein expression, which was present in 10 carcinomas (5 cardiac and 5 gastric), was invariably correlated with hMLH1 hypermethylation and MSI. In conclusion, our data indicate that MSI and loss of the mismatch repair protein hMLH1, which is mainly caused by hMLH1 gene hypermethylation, are more prevalent in stomach and cardia carcinogenesis than in that of the esophagus. Moreover, in gastric cancer, hMLH1 hypermethylation is correlated with hypermethylation of the HPP1 gene.     

Association of cyclin D1 (G870A) polymorphism with susceptibility to esophageal and gastric cardiac carcinoma in a northern Chinese population

Our aim was to investigate the association of cyclin D1 (G870A) single nucleotide polymorphism with susceptibility to esophageal and cardiac carcinoma in a northern Chinese population. By polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism analysis, cyclin D1 (G870A) genotyping was carried out among 120 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), 87 patients with gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma (CAC), and 183 age- and gender-matched controls. The cyclin D1 genotype distribution among ESCC patients was significantly different from that among healthy controls (chi(2) = 7.372, p = 0.025). The G/G genotype was significantly less frequent among ESCC patients (9.2%) than among healthy controls (20.8%) (chi(2) = 7.192, p = 0.007). The G/G genotype significantly reduced risk for the development of ESCC compared to the combination of G/A and A/A genotypes (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.37, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.16-0.83). After stratification according to smoking status, the A/A frequency among smoking ESCC (34.3%) and CAC patients (35.7%) was significantly higher than that among smoking healthy controls (18.6%) (chi(2) = 5.426 and 5.599, p = 0.020 and 0.018, respectively). Smokers with the A/A genotype had an about 2-fold increased risk for both of ESCC and CAC compared to the G/A and G/G genotypes, with an adjusted OR of 2.26 in ESCC (95% CI = 1.14-4.49) and of 2.42 in CAC (95% CI = 1.17-4.98). No correlation between the cyclin D1 genotype and development of ESCC or CAC was found among nonsmokers. Determination of the cyclin D1 (G870A) single nucleotide polymorphism may be suitable to identify individuals with increased risk for ESCC or CAC in the northern Chinese population.     

Resection margin in patients with gastric cancer associated with esophageal invasion: Clinicopathological study

We investigated the correlations between resection margin involvement by carcinoma and a number of clinicopathological features in patients with gastric cancer and esophageal invasion. From January 1968 to December 1988, 1,040 patients with carcinoma of the stomach underwent gastric resection. Thirty-nine patients had tumor infiltration of the esophagus on histological examination of the resected specimens. The patients were divided into two groups on microscopic examination: those in whom the resection margin was less than 5 mm wide, and those in whom it exceeded 5 mm microscopically. There were 6 and 33 patients in the narrow and wide margin groups, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in tumor size, depth of cancer invasion, and macroscopic appearance between the two groups. The risk of resection margin involvement was high in tumors with the following features: large Borrmann type 4 tumor (macroscopic appearance and size) and infiltrative carcinoma (depth of invasion). © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

球囊导尿管自助式扩张治疗食管与贲门癌术后吻合口顽固性狭窄

目的：探讨内镜下微波高温凝固联合Savary-Gilliard探条及球囊导尿管自助式扩张对食管／责门癌术后吻合口顽固性狭窄的疗效。方法：对40例食管／贲门癌术后吻合口顽固性狭窄患者进行微波高温凝固联合探条及球囊导尿管自助式扩张,治疗后跟踪观察吻合口狭窄改善情况。结果：治疗1个月后有效率（CR＋PR）为87．5％（35／40）,3个月后为82．5％（33／40）,两者比较差异无统计学意义,Χ^2=0．392,P=0．531;6个月后为70．0％（28／40）,与治疗后1个月比较差异无统计学意义,Χ^2=3．660,P=0．056。结论：球囊导尿管自助式扩张是预防内镜下微波高温凝固联合探条扩张治疗食管／贲门癌术后吻合口狭窄后再狭窄的有效方法。     

黑色素瘤相关抗原-As在食管鳞状细胞癌和贲门腺癌组织中的表达及其意义

目的:探讨黑色素瘤相关抗原(melanoma antigen,MAGE)-As在食管鳞癌和贲门腺癌组织中的表达,分析其与食管鳞癌和贲门腺癌患者临床病理学特征及其预后的关系.方法:选取河北医科大学第四医院2010年9月至2010年11月住院患者手术切除的食管鳞癌和贲门腺癌组织及距离癌组织边缘5 cm以上且外观正常的相应癌旁组织标本各60例,同时选取5例该院前列腺癌住院患者术后的睾丸组织作为阳性对照,应用免疫组织化学法检测食管鳞癌和贲门腺癌组织及相应癌旁组织中MAGE-As蛋白的表达.结果:食管鳞癌和贲门腺癌组织中MAGE-As蛋白表达率分别为68.33％ (41/60)和58.33％(35/60),而相应的癌旁组织未发现MAGE-As蛋白的表达.MAGE-As蛋白的表达与食管鳞癌患者的性别、年龄、临床分期、组织学分级、肿瘤大小、淋巴转移均无相关性(P＞ 0.05);MAGE-As蛋白表达与贲门腺癌患者的性别、年龄、临床分期、肿瘤大小、淋巴转移均无相关性(P＞0.05),但与组织学分级呈正相关(P＜0.05).Log-Rank检验显示,MAGE-As蛋白表达阳性的食管鳞癌(P=0.036)和贲门腺癌(P=0.045)患者的生存期均显著低于表达阴性的患者.结论:MAGE-As蛋白是食管鳞癌和贲门腺癌的相关抗原,可作为食管鳞癌和贲门腺癌预后不良的指标.