腔镜深筋膜下交通静脉离断术治疗下肢静脉性溃疡

目的:探讨腔镜深筋膜下交通静脉离断术(SEPS)治疗下肢静脉性溃疡(VLU)的临床效果。方法:回顾性分析3年半内收治的70例(76条患肢)下肢静脉功能不全患者的临床资料。按CEAP临床分类,其中C4级38例(41条患肢),C5级18例(18条患肢),C6级14例(17条患肢)。18例(18条患肢)C4级患者行大隐静脉高位结扎分段剥脱术(传统组),其余患者采用SEPS联合大隐静脉高位结扎分段剥脱术(SEPS组)。分析患肢手术前后的CEAP临床评分及患肢溃疡愈合时间和复发情况。结果:SEPS组患者术后曲张静脉团消失,患肢酸胀及沉重感逐渐减轻,局部瘙痒及创面疼痛缓解;C5级患者溃疡愈合区色素沉着及硬化明显改善,皮炎消失;C6级患者足靴区活动性溃疡在术后10~60 d(平均47.3 d)愈合;术后患肢的CEAP临床评分均低于术前(均P<0.05);平均随访15个月,无复发患者。SEPS组C4级患者与传统组患者术后各项评分均无统计学差异(均P>0.05)。结论:SEPS是治疗重度下肢静脉功能不全合并VLU的有效方法。     

腔镜深筋膜下交通静脉结扎术治疗重度慢性下肢静脉功能不全

目的：探讨腔镜深筋膜下交通静脉结扎术（SEPS）治疗重度慢性下肢静脉功能不全（CVI）的临床疗效和安全性。方法：对89例CVI患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。42例行大隐静脉高位结扎＋抽剥术（A组）, 47例行大隐静脉高位结扎＋抽剥术＋腔镜深筋膜下交通静脉结扎术（B组）。结果：症状改善和分级提高的比较, 两组无统计学意义(P＞0.05);溃疡愈合率B组高于A组(P＜0.05)；B组愈合时间短于A组（P＜0.05）；溃疡复发率B组低于A组（P＜0.05）；除静脉曲张复发（P＜0.05）外, 两组并发症均差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。结论：腔镜深筋膜下交通静脉结扎术治疗CVI效果满意, 术后并发症少, 安全可行, 具有一定的临床应用价值。     

小腿深筋膜下内镜交通支离断术治疗下肢慢性静脉功能不全

目的：探讨小腿深筋膜下内镜交通支离断术（离断术）治疗下肢慢性静脉功能不全合并小腿交通支功能不全的疗效。方法：回顾性分析采用离断术治疗18例（20条肢体）合并小腿交通支功能不全的下肢慢性静脉功能不全的临床资料。结果：共发现69条交通支；功能不全者62支，功能正常者7支。手术离断65支，遗漏4支，除色素沉着外，手术后临床评分较术前均有明显降低（P＜0．01），无严重并发症发生，术后3个月随访，溃疡愈合率为88．9％，愈合后无溃疡复发。结论：小腱深筋膜下的内镜交通支离断术是一种新的安全，有效的治疗下肢慢性静脉功能不全合并小腿交通支功能不全的手术方法，尤其适合静脉性溃疡的患者。     

内镜下交通支静脉离断术治疗下肢慢性静脉病

目的　探讨内镜下交通支静脉离断术治疗下肢慢性静脉病的早期临床疗效。　方法　回顾性分析应用内镜下交通支静脉离断术治疗 2 6例 (34条肢体 )下肢慢性静脉病临床资料。　结果　每条肢体离断功能不全交通支静脉 1～ 5支 ,平均 3 5支 ,术后临床评分 (2 4 8± 0 2 5 )分较术前 (6 5 4± 0 93)分明显降低 (t=2 1 4 97,P <0 0 1 )。平均随访 1 2月 ,1 4 / 1 6条肢体(87 5 % )溃疡于术后 2 0天～ 4 5天内愈合 ,愈合后无溃疡复发。　结论　内镜下交通支静脉离断术操作简单、安全、有效 ,尤其适合静脉性溃疡患者     

下肢静脉交通支腔镜下离断术(附57例报告)

目的 探讨小腿深筋膜下静脉交通支腔镜下离断术的治疗效果。方法 回顾性分析57例经静脉造影或彩色多普勒检查确诊为原发性下肢静脉瓣膜功能不全合并静脉交通支功能不全患者，在腔镜下行下肢深、浅静脉交通支结扎术的治疗情况。结果 术后小腿内侧中下段局部肿胀7例，多在一周内自行消失，切口感染及皮肤灼伤各2例，经治疗后治愈。所有病例浅静脉曲张消失，皮肤色素沉着显著减退，溃疡2～3周愈合。结论 腔镜下行静脉交通支结扎为彻底治疗静脉交通支功能不全提供了一个良好的治疗手段。     

腔镜深筋膜下交通支离断术治疗下肢静脉性溃疡30例临床分析

目的 探讨腔镜深筋膜下交通支离断术(subfascial endoscopic perforating vein surgery,SEPS)治疗下肢静脉性溃疡的效果及优势.方法 对苏州大学附属第一医院2006年12月至2008年5月期间收治的30例下肢静脉性溃疡患者(32条患肢)实施SEPS.术后观察溃疡的愈合情况及其他症状的改善情况.结果 全组随访3～15个月(平均8.5个月),静脉性溃疡于术后27～103 d(平均65 d)内愈合,湿疹消失,色素沉着逐渐变浅; 随访期间无切口感染等并发症,未见溃疡复发及新生溃疡.结论 SEPS安全有效,损伤小,并发症少,是治疗下肢静脉性溃疡较为有效的方法.     

内镜静脉交通支离断术治疗慢性下肢静脉功能不全

下肢静脉溃疡（venous leg ulcera-tion,VLU）是下肢慢性静脉功能不全（chronic venous insufficiency,CVI）最严重的并发症,临床较常见,往往经久不愈或反复发作,极大影响患者生活质量。VLU占CVI的10%,目前认为深静脉瓣膜功能不全引起的静脉高压是VLU的主要原因。     

内镜下下肢交通静脉离断术治疗下肢交通静脉瓣膜功能不全

2002年3月～2007年1月，我们对98例（103条）下肢交通静脉瓣膜功能不全引起的下肢溃疡、足踝区色素沉着、湿疹等，采用内镜下下肢交通静脉离断术治疗，收到满意效果，现报道如下。 1 临床资料与方法     

微波腔内闭合交通支静脉术治疗下肢慢性静脉功能不全

目的：评价经皮穿刺微波腔内闭合交通支静脉术治疗下肢慢性静脉功能不全合并交通支静脉功能不全的临床疗效。方法：全组213例（278条肢体）下肢浅静脉曲张伴交通支静脉功能不全病人均行大隐静脉高位结扎加下肢浅表曲张静脉穿刺微波凝固闭合,同时在超声引导下经皮穿刺微波腔内闭合病变交通支静脉;对部分下肢静脉性溃疡病人配合中西医结合方法局部换药治疗。结果：全组213例（278条肢体）术前检查有632支病变交通支静脉,术中微波闭合629支（3支交通支术中未能明确）;术后1周至3个月内彩超（或静脉造影）证实624支交通支静脉闭合或不显影,另5例共5支交通支静脉未完全闭合。109条肢体（C6）小腿溃疡愈合时间为9-101[平均（31．25±8．28）]d,169条肢体（C4、C5）皮肤营养障碍情况及症状得到不同程度的改善。201例（94．4％）随访3～42个月,小腿溃疡复发6例（5．50％）。全组D-二聚体检查术前与术后比较无统计学差异。结论：经皮穿刺微波腔内闭合交通支静脉术是治疗下肢慢性静脉功能不全合并交通支静脉病变的微创治疗方法,具有疗效显著、安全、创伤小、易康复的特点,尤其适用于患有小腿溃疡的病人．无明显并发症。     

SEPS联合大隐静脉结扎剥脱术治疗中度下肢慢性静脉功能不全

目的评估腔镜筋膜下静脉交通支离断术(subfascial endoscopic perforator surgery,SEPS)联合大隐静脉高位结扎剥脱术治疗中度慢性下肢静脉功能不全(chronic venous insufficiency,CVI)的疗效。方法对34例患者共48条中度CVI患肢实施SEPS联合大隐静脉高位结扎剥脱手术(联合手术组),以同期单纯实施大隐静脉高位结扎剥脱手术的34例患者共49条中度CVI患肢(单纯手术组)作为对照,观察比较两组术后3月和12月的疗效。结果术后3月联合组和单纯组患肢症状改善和皮肤营养不良改善情况相似,组间比较无统计学差异(95.83%vs.93.88%,χ2=0.19,P>0.05;83.33%vs.79.59%,χ2=0.23,P>0.05),近期均无静脉曲张复发和溃疡形成。术后12月联合手术组和单纯手术组患肢症状改善者分别占97.92%和89.80%,组间比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.76,P>0.05);但皮肤营养不良改善者分别占87.50%和67.35%,组间差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.62,P<0.05);下肢静脉复发率分别为0%和10.20%,组间差异有统计学意义(P=0.03,P<0.05);下肢溃疡形成,两组分别为0%和4.08%,组间比较无统计学差异(P=0.26,P>0.05)。结论 SEPS联合大隐静脉高位结扎剥脱手术治疗中度CVI患者,较单纯大隐静脉高位结扎剥脱手术的远期效果更佳,能显著改善患者皮肤营养状况,预防静脉曲张的复发,更适合中度CVI患者。     

Role of Subfascial Endoscopic Perforator Surgery (SEPS) in Management of Perforator Incompetence in Varicose Veins : A Prospective Randomised Study

The study was carried out to compare the efficacy of subfascial endoscopic perforator surgery (SEPS) and open subfascial ligation of perforators in varicose veins. This study was conducted on 100 patients of varicose veins from January 2006 to December 2010. Clinical scoring and color Doppler were performed in all the patients before surgery. Patients were divided into two groups: Group A and Group B alternately. Management of the perforators was done by subfascial endoscopic perforator surgery (SEPS) in Group A and by open subfascial ligation of perforators in Group B. Fifty patients were treated in each group. All the patients underwent ligation of incompetent saphenofemoral junction with stripping of long saphenous veins wherever the junction was incompetent with multiple ligation of superficial prominent veins. SEPS was done by two-port method without any tourniquet or balloon dissector. Total numbers of perforators ligated were 178 in Group A and 136 in Group B. Patients in both the groups got symptomatic relief of symptoms, but ulcer healing in 33 % patients in Group A was faster as compared to Group B. However, at 3 months of follow-up the ulcers healed in all the patients in both groups. Incidence of wound infection was higher in group B (16 %) as compared to group A (0 %). There were residual perforators in 8 % of patients on color Doppler at 3 months of follow-up in Group B while there was no residual incompetent perforator in Group A. Subfascial endoscopic perforator vein surgery is a safe and effective method for treating incompetent perforating veins. The number of perforators ligated in SEPS was more as compared to the open subfascial ligation group. Possibly some perforators may be missed on Doppler localization and missed ligation, which may be a cause of future recurrence in varicose veins. Early relief of symptoms in terms of ulcer healing was better in the SEPS group with less wound complication rate; however, all the ulcers healed in both the groups at 3 months of follow-up. Cosmetic results were equal in both the groups. Major advantage of SEPS was less incidence of wound complications and less incidence of residual incompetent perforators. Hence, SEPS should be added for the management of perforators along with conventional surgery in varicose veins.     

腔镜深筋膜下交通支结扎+溃疡周围环缝术治疗慢性下肢静脉性溃疡23例

目的 探讨腔镜深筋膜下交通支结扎（SEPS）＋溃疡周围环缝术联合治疗慢性下肢静脉性溃疡的临床疗效。方法 2004年3月至2006年9月对23例慢性下肢静脉性溃疡患者实施SEPS＋溃疡周围环缝术（联合治疗组）。另有SEPS组（19例）和溃疡周围环缝组（30例）作对照。所有病例均行常规大隐静脉高位结扎＋剥脱术。结果 联合治疗组溃疡于术后12～60d愈合,平均25．7d;SEPS组于术后18～90d愈合,平均35．1d;溃疡周围环缝组于术后21～90d愈合,平均47．3d,各组间差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。3组间复发率比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论 SEPS＋溃疡周围环缝术能够有效地治疗慢性下肢静脉性溃疡,2个术式联合应用其溃疡愈合时间较单独应用缩短。     

Great Saphenous Vein Stripping with Liberal Use of Subfascial Endoscopic Perforator Vein Surgery (SEPS)

This study is based on a unique registry of 632 patients who underwent great saphenous vein (GSV) stripping and liberal use of subfascial endoscopic perforator vein surgery (SEPS) for minimal to severe lower limb venous insufficiency. Clinical examinations and color-coded duplex scanning were performed on a randomly selected, manageable sample of 170 limbs to assess the affect of early SEPS on junctional (saphenofemoral [SFJ] and/or saphenopopliteal [SPJ]) and perforator vein (PV) insufficiencies and superficial varicosities at a median of 6.5 years. PV incompetence was present in 68 legs (40%), as the sole transfascial insufficiency in 28 limbs and combined with SFJ or SPJ incompetence in 40 limbs. Junction incompetence alone characterized an additional 38 limbs, bringing the total transfascial insufficiency prevalence to 62%. Superficial varicosities affected 46% of limbs. Overall CEAP clinical class was unimproved beyond preoperative values. PV incompetence was associated with higher CEAP and clinical venous severity scores than were junctional insufficiencies alone. We concluded that PV incompetence alone or combined with junctional insufficiency is associated with increased symptoms and disease progression. The prevalence of SFJ, SPJ, and PV incompetence (62%) and recurrent varicosities (46%) suggests that early use of SEPS does not prevent disease progression and offers no benefit over GSV stripping in the absence of deep vein insufficiency or threatened ulceration.     

Advances in Venous Surgery: SEPS and Phlebectomy for Chronic Venous Insufficiency

Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) and its complications of chronic pain, intractable ulceration, and infection are important conditions to treat by modern surgical techniques. As early as the 1930s, perforating veins with outward flow were implicated in the pathogenesis of this condition. Recognition that such outward flow promotes leukocyte adhesion and activation as the principal microcirculatory cause for the cutaneous changes has explained the importance of perforating vein interruption? Because of disability of CVI, surgeons and patients reluctantly tolerated the open Linton perforator interruption operation with its morbid knee-to-ankle incisions. It was tolerated because it worked. Modifications to reduce the morbidity of the procedure eliminated two of the three incisions used in the explorations of the 1930s. Other modifications such as DePalma's modification of the incisions further reduced wound complications. However, the most significant surgical alteration was to utilize the endoscopic techniques introduced in Europe by Fischer and Hauer. Very quickly it was obvious that the endoscopic technique minimized postoperative complications. Application of endoscopic perforator interruption to varicose vein surgery validated the safety of the procedure but did not contribute to knowledge about treating CVI.     

Association of Venous Volume and Diameter of Incompetent Perforator Veins in the Lower Limb—Implications for Perforator Vein Surgery

PURPOSE: To define the association between venous volume as measured with air-plethysmography and the duplex ultrasound measured diameter of incompetent perforator of the lower limb. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-six patients with chronic venous disease were investigated with air-plethysmography and duplex ultrasound. Venous volume and venous filling time was measured. Venous filling index was calculated. The findings were correlated with the diameter of the largest incompetent perforator vein of the lower limb. RESULTS: Twenty-six patients with venous volume in the normal range (80-170 ml) had a median perforator diameter of 3.5 mm (IQR 3.2-4.3). Ten patients with venous volume above 170 ml had median perforator diameter of 5.5 mm (IQR 4.6-7.7). (p=0.001, Mann-Whitney). There was a correlation between the venous volume and diameter of the largest incompetent perforator vein. (Pearson correlation factor 0.69, p=0.01). CONCLUSION: Limb volume correlates to the diameter of the largest incompetent perforator of the calf. Increase in venous limb volume could be partly responsible for an increase in the size of calf perforators thereby promoting incompetence.     

白细胞激活及炎症反应在慢性静脉功能不全中的作用

目的 探讨白细胞激活及炎症反应在慢性静脉功能不全中的作用。方法 查阅国内、外相关文献并进行综述。结果 白细胞激活及炎症反应参与静脉壁和瓣膜重塑，导致静脉瓣膜功能不全及静脉曲张的形成。结论 白细胞激活及由此引起的炎症反应在慢性静脉功能不全的发生、发展中起重要作用。     

下肢慢性静脉功能不全发病机理的临床研究

目的探讨下肢慢性静脉功能不全(CVI)时细胞因子水平和粘附分子表达与皮肤损伤的关系.方法采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA法)检测血浆TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-2R水平,免疫组织化学法(SP法)检测血浆白细胞粘附分子(EC-ICAM-1、PMN-CD18及PMN-CD11b)的表达,并在电镜下观察32例CVI患者和8例正常对照组下肢皮肤标本的超微结构改变.结果①CVI Class 2～3级血浆TNF-α和IL-1β水平分别为(194.66±221.90)pmol/L和(100.60±19.43)pmol/L,明显高于对照组的(34.38±9.74)pmol/L和(67.62±17.20)pmol/L(P＜0.05),Class 2～3级和1级血浆IL-2R水平分别为(149.79±85.77)pmol/L和(98.22±38.55)pmol/L,与对照组的(94.67±13.01)pmol/L相比较,差异无显著性意义(P>0.05); ②Class 2～3级EC-ICAM-1、PMN-CD18和PMN-CD11b表达阳性率分别为(0.70±0.14)%、(0.12±0.03)%和(0.16±0.02)%,明显高于对照组的(0.15±0.09)%、(0.04±0.01)%和(0.05±0.01)%(P＜0.05); ③相关分析显示ICAM-1表达与CD11b和CD18表达呈显著正相关,r值分别为0.845 4和0.563 9 (P＜0.05); ④电镜超微结构见中性粒细胞(PMN)与ECs粘附导致皮肤微血管病变.结论 CVI下肢静脉系统瘀血和高压可能激活单核细胞分泌释放TNFα、IL-1β等细胞因子,上调ICAM-1和CD11b/CD18表达,并介导PMN粘附于ECs,导致ECs和组织损伤,可能是静脉溃疡重要的发病机理之一.