题名的的撰写规范

题名应简明、具体、确切,能概括论文的特定内容,有助于选定关键词,符合编制题录、索引和检索的有关原则。题名应该避免使用公式和不常见的缩略词、字符、代号等。必要时,可使用本行业通用缩写词。题名一般不宜超过20字。若题名语意未尽,可以用副题名补充说明论文中的特定内容。避免使用陈述句,因为题名主要起标示作用,而陈述句容易使题名具有判断式的语义,且不够精炼和醒目。少数情况（评述性、综述性和驳斥性）下可以用疑问句做题名,因为疑问句有探讨性语气,易引起读者兴趣。同一篇论文的英文题名与中文题名内容上应一致,尽量减少冠词的使用。     

药物的诱变作用和它的DNA的圆二色谱的影响

一个药物若与DNA反应则往往有诱变作用。因此分析药物与DNA的关系是一个重要的课题。已有多种方法,从不同的角度分析药物与DNA之间的相互作用,其中园二色谱(circular dichroism,CD)是一种可靠、灵敏、简便的方法。DNA分子有它特有的CD谱,若药物分子嵌入DNA分子或与之形成复合物,这将改变DNA的构型而导致CD谱的变化。我们试图探索药物的诱变作用和它对DNA的CD谱影响之间的关系。小     

多拉的梦：谁的声音——斯垂彻的、弗洛依德的或多拉的?

通过梦发掘潜意识为弗洛依德的重大贡献,他首次从科学的角度对梦进行了系统性的研究。弗洛依德在1900年出版的《梦的解析》(Die Traumdeutung)一书至今仍是许多心理学家教学和临床运用的范本。分析梦是我们考察潜意识的绝佳途径,它已经成为精神分析的基本技术之一。本文不仅详细地描述了如何分     

癌的光化学疗法的进展

1924年,有人发现血卟啉在动物及人的恶性肿瘤中聚集,并在光照后发生特异萤光。1960年Lipson研制成血卟啉衍生物(HPD)。1973年起Dougherty和早田义博等进行了大量基础理论研究工作。随着激光医学、光导纤维和纤维内窥镜的发展,已有效地应用于临床。     

肺癌的抗体治疗的研究进展

肺癌的传统疗法效果不够理想，用抗体治疗肺癌是一较为有效的方法。目前主要有5类抗体用于治疗肺癌：（1）西妥昔单抗(Cetuximab)、ABXEGF(Panitumumab)、Matuzumab（EMD72000）和曲妥珠单抗(Herceptin)等，这类抗体通过结合肿瘤细胞表面分子抑制细胞生长，具有较好的疗效，     

原发灶不明的黑色素瘤的治疗

本文报告1045例黑色素瘤中的64例原发灶不明的黑色素瘤的治疗与疗效。全组病例中,男性39例(59％),女性25例(38％),年龄2～73岁,平均44.5岁(中位年龄42.7岁)。34例仅有单部位的侵犯,其中位于腋窝区者10例(29％),位于腹股沟区者8例(23％),位于颈部者11例(32％),位于皮下组织者4例(12％),位于其他部位者1例(3％)。单部位侵犯限于一个淋巴结区者(腋窝、腹股沟、颈部)共计29例。另外30例有2个或2个以上部位的侵犯。     

温暖的陪伴 隽永的告别

1950年阿姨出生在安徽省一个山明水秀的小山村,她家有4个孩子,她排行老三,上有大她20岁的哥哥和大她18岁的姐姐,下有小她3岁的弟弟,父母的疼爱和哥哥姐姐的呵护使阿姨的童年无忧而快乐。     

特异的主动免疫疗法的新途径

肿瘤免疫学的主要目标是对肿瘤患者进行免疫接触,以对抗他自身的肿瘤。免疫疗法的途径是试图通过刺激免疫反应机构,增加患者对自身肿瘤的抵抗,以战胜恶性肿瘤。本文作者介绍了具有特异性的自动免疫刺激物,即病毒-溶瘤疫苗。     

血清中微量元素铜,锌,镉,锰与恶性脑瘤关系的研究

本文使用原子吸收分光光度计测定30例恶性脑瘤、50例良性脑瘤患者手术前后血清中微量元素铜、锌、镉、锰含量,并以70例一般神经性疾病患者和98例健康人作对照组。统计结果揭示:1.恶性脑瘤组手术前血清中铜、锌、镉、锰含量显著高于术后(P<0.01),良性脑瘤组除术前血清锰低于术后,余者均显著高于术后(P<0.01),两组脑瘤手术前后铜/锌比差异均无显著性(P>0.05),2.不同病理状态血清铜和铜/锌比改变也有差别,即恶性脑瘤>良性脑瘤>一般脑疾病>健康人,而术后两组脑瘤血清铜水平下降接近正常人,可提示术前血清铜水平在鉴别脑瘤性质及区分一般脑疾病具有潜在的诊断价值;术后血清铜水平对估计恶性和良性脑瘤预后方面有重要意义。     

微量元素铜锌硒,抗氧化酶类,维生素E与恶性肿瘤的关系

本文作者对６７例恶性肿瘤患者同时作了血清铜（ＳＣｕ）、锌（ＳＺｎ）、硒（ＳＳｅ）含量和血红细胞超氧化物歧化酶（ＲＢＣ－ＳＯＤ）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）活性及维生素Ｅ、丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量测定。     

急性白血病患者血清微量元素谱分析

采用ＤＣＰ－ＡＥＳ检测了４０例急性白血病（初发１８例，化疗后２２例）血清中锌、铜、铁、硒、镍、钛等１５种元素含量。结果显示：初发急性白血病患者血清锌、铁、硒、镍、钛均降低，铜、钙、镁、铜／锌比值均升高。化疗达ＣＲ后，血清锌、铜、铜／锌、硒均可正常，而化疗后ＮＲ组上述元素无改变。血清钙、镍、钛化疗后ＣＲ和ＮＲ组均无改善。表明微量元素与急性白血病转归相关。     

泌尿系肿瘤与肾炎患者血清和尿中铜锌锰镁含量变化的探讨

作者对２４例泌尿系恶性肿瘤病人、４５例肾炎病人的血清、尿液微量元素铜、锌、锰、镁进行了测定，结果显示：较之正常对照组，肾炎病人血清镁、尿、锌值明显升高，血清锌降低；恶性肿瘤病人血清铜、尿锌值明显升高，血清锌、尿锰值下降。这些指标对泌尿系恶性肿瘤的鉴别诊断及治疗有一定参考价值。     

Some Mineral,trace Element and Heavy Metal Concentrations in Lung Cancer

Objective: We aimed to determine the relationship between some mineral, trace element and heavy metallevels in the patients of lung cancer by measuring serum levels of copper (Cu), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe),cobalt (Co), cadmium (Cd), manganese (Mn), magnesium (Mg). Methods: A total of 50 lung cancer and humanhealth (30 lung cancer and 20 healthy human) were included in the study. Venous blood samples of each lungcancer were obtained, and serum Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe, Cd, Co, Mn, Mg levels were analysed by Atomic AbsorptionSpectrophotometer measurements. Results: Mg value measured in lung cancer group were lower than the controlgroup and this was statistically significant (P<0.01). Serum Cu level was significantly lower with lung cancercompared to healthy human (P<0.01). Pb level was significantly higher than those of controls (P<0.01). Theserum Zn level was significantly lower in serum of lung cancer group than controls (P<0.01). Serum Mn and Colevels were found increased in lung cancer group than controls (P<0.01). Cd value was higher in lung cancer butit was not statistically significant (p>0.01). The mean concentration of Fe in the serum of lung cancer patientswas higher than in the controls, but the difference was not significant (p>0.01). There was a positive correlationbetween Cd and Pb level, and between Mn and Fe levels in lung cancer. There was a negative correlation betweenCo and Zn levels of healthy human. There was a negative correlation between Co and Mg levels of lung cancer.Conclusions: Serum Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe, Mg, Co, Mn and Cd might be play a role in the patients of lung cancers.Zn may protective as potent lung cancer. In addition, it is suggested that low levels of zinc can induce thepathogenesis of lung cancer.     

微量元素铜,锌,镉,锰与肝硬化分期和肝癌相关性研究

测定了72例早、晚期肝硬化,20例肝癌和98例正常人血清中铜、锌、镉、锰含量,经Apple-Ⅱ型计算机统计分析,结果表明:早晚期肝硬化、肝癌患者血清中铜、锌、镉、锰、铜/锌和镉/锌比与对照组均有显著差异(P<0.01),且铜、锌、锰、镉/锌比在三组病人之间也有显著差异(P<0.001)。4种元素,两个比值单因素相关分析表明血清铜与锌呈高度正相关(γ=0.684),锰与铜、锌呈高度负相关(γ=-0.3233,-0.4013)。但经多因素逐步判别分析表明只有铜、锰与肝硬化进展和癌变有相关关系。即肝癌时血清铜最高,血清锰最低。     

Altered serum levels of elements in acute leukemia cases in Turkey

Objective: The purpose of the study was to compare serum concentrations of some elements [zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), magnesium (Mg), lead (Pb), iron (Fe), cadmium (Cd) and cobalt (Co)] in acute leukemia patients with those of healthy subjects. Methods: The study group consisted of newly diagnosed acute leukemia patients and the controls were matched for socioeconomic stauts and eating habits. The elements levels in the patient group were measured before treatment with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The selection criteria for the patients and controls were the lack of recent blood transfusion history and taking any medication with mineral supplement. Results: The acute leukemia group composed of 42 patients and there were 40 persons in the control group. There was no difference between the age of the two groups (p=0.239). Serum levels of Zn, Mg and Mn were significantly lower with acute leukemia than in controls (p<0.001, p=0.011, p<0.001, respectively), while Cu, Pb and Cd were significantly elevated (p=0.003, p<0.001, p<0.001, respectively). There were no significant differences regarding Co and Fe (p=0.323 and p=0.508, respectively) Conclusion: In this study, we found levels of Zn, Mg and Mn to be lowered and of Cu, Pb and Cd to be elevated in patients with leukemia. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of these elements in pathogenesis of acute leukemia.     

包头地区乳腺肿瘤及其复发转移的血清微量元素变化研究

目的探讨9种微量元素与乳腺肿瘤的关系。方法采用原子吸收分光度计对81例健康女性志愿者、94例乳腺良性肿瘤患者、93例乳腺癌患者手术前后和38例乳腺癌复发转移患者血清中Fe、Zn、CU、Mn、Pb、Cd、Cr、Ni、Mo的含量进行测定。结果血清Fe、Zn、Cu、Mn、Pb随乳腺肿瘤病情加重呈明显升高趋势,与乳腺癌呈正相关,而Mo随病情的加重明显降低,与乳腺癌呈负相关。结论有6种微量元素与乳腺肿瘤的发病有显著关系,其中Fe、Zn、Cu、Mn、Pb可能是乳腺癌的危险因素,而Mo为乳腺癌的保护因素。     

Research on serum levels of retinol, α-tocopherol β-carotene,and 12 elements in gastric dysplasia and gastric cancer patients

Serum levers of retinol, α-tocopherol, β-carotene and elements (Zn, Cu, Mn, Ca, Mg, Cr, Co, Cd, Mo, Se) were determined in 45 gastric cancer and 41 gastric dysplasia patients, and 48 normal subjects. The results showed that β-carotene and Se, Co were lower in gastric cancer patients than that in gastric dysplasia patients or in normal subjects, Ni and Cr levels were lower and Mn, Ca and Cd were higher in gastric cancer than in dysplasia patients. Zn, Fe, Cr, Cd were lower and Mn, Ca, Mg, Mo levels were higher in gastric cancer patients than in normal. The differences mentioned are statistically significant. The stepwise discriminant analysis of 10 variables (Mn, Fe, Ca, Cr, Mo, Co, Cd, Se, α-tocophrol, β-carotene) were used in identifying gastric cancer, with 100% of the positive rate. The potential protective effect of β-carotene and Se against gastric cancer is an interesting postulate. We suggest that optimum supplement of β-carotene and Se might will be beneficial to gastric dysplasia patients in preventing the development of gastric cancer.     

喉癌与微量元素

喉癌与微量元素关系的研究,文献报道不多。本文自1987年开始对血清Zn、Cu、Fe、Se,进行了检测,企图探索与喉癌的关未,从检测结果可以看出喉癌的发生与血清Zn、Cu、Fe、Se的含量有一定关系,可能直接参与了喉癌的发生和发展。