青年冠心病患者冠状动脉病变特点及相关危险因素分析

目的探讨冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)的临床特点在青年与老年患者间的差异。方法回顾性分析48例青年冠心病患者与156例老年冠心病患者的临床资料,着重分析比较两组的危险因素及冠状动脉造影结果。结果青年组冠心病患者女性比例占6.25%(3/48),明显低于老年组的33.33%(52/156),差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。青年组体质量指数明显高于老年组,差异有统计学意义[(27.03±2.73)kg/m2vs.(25.16±3.05)kg/m2,P0.01]。青年组大量吸烟的比例也远高于老年组,差异有统计学意义[75.00%(36/48)vs.36.54%(57/156),P0.01]。老年组合并原发性高血压、糖尿病的发生率高于青年组,差异有统计学意义[51.28%(80/156)vs.16.67%(8/48),P0.01;30.77%(48/156)vs.6.25%(3/48),P0.01]。青年组血浆总胆固醇,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇及三酰甘油浓度与老年组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。青年组高密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度低于老年组,差异有统计学意义[(0.85±1.80)mmol/Lvs.(1.08±0.23)mmol/L,P0.01]。青年组血浆尿酸浓度高于老年组,差异有统计学意义[(349.10±67.02)mmol/lvs.(323.77±73.82)mmol/L,P0.01]。青年组冠状动脉病变以单支病变为主,且左前降支病变发生率最高。结论男性、肥胖、大量吸烟为青年冠心病主要发病危险因素,低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度和高尿酸浓度也可能为青年冠心病的危险因素;青年冠状动脉病变轻,以单支病变为主。     

Report: Association of coronary artery disease and valvular heart disease in chile

This study analyzes the prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) among patients with rheumatic valvular heart disease (VHD) in Chile. Coronary angiography was performed in all patients referred to cardiac catheterization with VHD who were over age 50 years and who had angina or ECG signs of ischemia. A total of 100 patients entered the study. Significant CAD (greater than 50% obstruction) was found in 14% of the cases: 7% in patients with mitral valve disease (MVD), 18% in aortic valve disease (AVD), and 21% in combined mitral and aortic valve disease (MAVD). Angina was present in 14% of the patients with MVD, 63% with AVD, and 53% with MAVD. Only 57% of patients with CAD had angina pectoris; 20% with angina had CAD. Hemodynamic parameters and left ventricular ejection fraction were not correlated with the presence or absence of CAD. We conclude that in patients with valvular heart disease, the incidence of CAD is lower in Chile than previously reported in the English literature. We confirmed the fact that angina is often not associated with CAD, and that CAD is often present in the absence of angina.     

超高龄冠心病患者危险因素与冠状动脉病变特点的相关性

目的 探讨超高龄冠状动脉硬化性心脏病(简称"冠心病",CAD)患者的临床特点,并进行危险因素与冠状动脉病变的相关性分析.方法 回顾性分析行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PC1)的391例CAD患者的临床资料,比较超高龄组(≥80岁,n=116)、老年组(71～79岁,n=275)的临床及介入治疗资料的特点.结果 与老年组比较,超高龄组心力衰竭患病率(25.9% vs 11.3%)、术前肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)阳性率(41.4% vs 28.4%)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平[(1.19±0.35) vs (1.12±0.29)mmol/L]、PCI术前术后肌酐差值[(1.84±17.5) vs (-2.01±12.2)μmol/L]、ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)患者比例(21.6% vs 13.5%)、Gensini积分[(45.62±31.18) vs (40.48±28.12)]均明显增高(均为P＜0.05);总体病例分析显示男性、合并糖尿病、血清肌酐水平高的患者Gensini积分显著升高(均P＜0.01),Gensini积分随着脂蛋白a[Lp(a)]的升高而升高(P＜0.05)、随HDL-C的升高而降低(P＜0.05);胱抑素C(Cys C)与估算的肾小球滤过率(eGFR)呈显著负相关(r=-0.509,P＜0.01);eGFR≥60ml/(min·1.73m2)组的Cys C水平显著低于eGFR＜60ml/(min·1.73m2)组[(1.30±0.26) vs (2.01±0.53)mg/L,P＜0.01].结论 超高龄CAD患者中,冠状动脉病变程度重,急性冠脉综合征比例大,多合并心力衰竭.     

不同性别冠心病危险因素与冠脉病变程度的相关性

目的:分析冠心病危险因素与冠状动脉病变程度的相关性及其性别差异。方法:入选2005年～2009年入院行冠状动脉造影术的患者1 786（男1 214,女572）例,记录性别、年龄、血压、总胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、尿酸（UA）、血糖、吸烟等指标,并计算Gensini积分。首先,根据Gensini积分将所有患者分成4个组,对各个组之间的各项危险因素分别进行比较分析。然后用Logistic回归分析法比较冠心病与各项危险因素之间的相关程度,最后通过性别分组再次行Logistic回归比较不同性别冠心病与各项危险因素之间的相关程度。结果:单因素分析发现随着Gensini积分的增高年龄、TC、LDL-C也增加,而HDL-C下降,但TG、UA在各组中无统计学差异,且各个小组中随着男性、吸烟者、高血压病、糖尿病比例的增加冠脉病变积分增高;多危险因素与冠状动脉造影诊断冠心病Logistic分析:糖尿病为冠心病最显著的独立危险因素,其他依次为吸烟、低HDL-C、高LDL-C、增龄、性别,而高血压病与高TC均无统计学意义。性别分组后,男性患者中吸烟为冠心病最显著的独立危险因素,其他依次为低HDL-C、高LDL-C、糖尿病、增龄;女性患者中糖尿病为最显著的独立危险因素,其次是低HDL-C、增龄,吸烟对女性冠心病的发生无显著性差异。结论:年龄的增加、TC的增加、LDL-C的增加、HDL-C的降低、高血压、糖尿病、吸烟等危险因素都会加重冠脉病变程度,其中糖尿病是冠心病最显著的危险因素,尤其在女性更为明显。     

413例冠脉造影患者危险因素与冠脉病变的相关性研究

目的：探讨冠脉造影患者心血管危险因素与冠脉病变的相关性。方法：对于南方医院住院的2004年6月至2008年12月的413例行冠脉造影患者，采集病历数据，包括性别、年龄、体重指数、吸烟、高血压病、2型糖尿病、低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇（HDL-C）、甘油三酯（TG）、尿酸（UA）、纤维蛋白原（Fg）、C-反应蛋白（CRP）及血清总胆红素（TBIL）等指标，冠脉造影通过直径目测法判断是否患冠心病。以单因素分析心血管危险因素与冠脉病变的关系，采用多因素Logistic回归分析筛选冠心病的独立相关危险因素。结果：（1）冠心病组患者男性比例、平均年龄、体重指数、LDL-C、TG、UA、CRP、Fg水平均显著高于非冠心病组，HDL-C水平显著低于非冠心病组，合并吸烟、高血压、糖尿病的病例显著多于非冠心病组（P〈0．05～〈0．01）；（2）Logistic回归分析显示，LDL-C、吸烟、糖尿病、高血压、体重指数、HDL-C、增龄、高尿酸入选回归方程（OR=3．559～1．003，P〈0．05～〈0．001），其中LDL-C为最显著的独立相关出素（OR：3．559，95％可信区间2．143～5．911，P〈0．001）。结论：LDL-C水平升高、吸烟、糖尿病、高血压、体重指数上升、HDH—C水平降低、增龄、高尿酸水平为冠心病的显著，独立相关因素。     

绝经期前女性冠心病患者冠脉病变特点及其危险因素分析

目的：观察绝经期前女性冠心病（CHD）患者冠状动脉病变特点及其危险因素。方法：入选绝经期前女性冠心病患者102例作为观察组,平均（48.2±7.5）岁,同时入选同年龄段CHD男性及非CHD女性患者各100例作为对照组,所有患者均行常规生化,心电图,超声心动图以及冠状动脉造影检查。结果：与CHD男性患者比较,绝经期前CHD女性有糖尿病史者比例明显升高（18.0%比27.5%）,而吸烟者（31.0%比12.7%）、患ST段抬高心肌梗死比例（15.0%比2.9%）明显减小,左室射血分数（LVEF）明显降低[（59.7±9.8）%比（52.8±8.5）%],C型病变（32.0%比56.9%）,Gensini积分≥40的病例（32.0%比44.1%）明显增多,P均〈0.05。与非CHD女性相比,高血压（32.0%比52.9%）,糖尿病患病率（9.0%比27.5%）及C反应蛋白水平[（11.35±8.35）mg/L比（16.40±6.49）mg/L]明显升高,LVEF[（59.9±5.3）%比（52.8±8.5）%]显著降低,P均〈0.05。结论：绝经期前女性冠心病患者冠状动脉病变较重,临床风险较高。     

冠心病患者冠状动脉病变进展的相关危险因素的探讨

目的:探讨影响冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者冠状动脉病变进展的危险因素。方法:选择138例在航空总医院心内科复查冠状动脉造影的冠心病患者,根据2次冠状动脉造影情况,分为冠状动脉进展组(86例)和无进展组(52例)。比较两组患者性别、年龄、吸烟史、高血压病史、糖尿病史、BMI、LDL、TG、TC、HDL-C以及两组糖尿病患者Hb A1c水平。采用多元Logistic回归分析各相关因素对冠状动脉病变进展的影响。结果:与无进展组相比,进展组男性比例更高(70%vs.42%,P<0.05),吸烟者比例更高(34.9%vs.11.5%,P<0.05),糖尿病患者比例更高(65%vs.31%,P<0.001)。糖尿病患者糖化血红蛋白比无进展组明显升高[(8.2±1.0)%vs.(6.4±0.8)%,P<0.05]。两组LDL平均值无差异,但无进展组LDL-C<1.4 mmol/L的比例明显高于进展组(23%vs.9%,P=0.03)。Logistic回归分析显示,男性(OR=4.800,95%CI:4.250~5.160,P=0.021)、吸烟(OR=3.966,95%CI:3.345~4.532 P=0.046)、糖尿病史(OR=4.048,95%CI:3.827~4.324,P=0.008)、Hb Alc(OR=59.44,95%CI:56.34~62.56,P<0.001)是冠心病患者冠状动脉病变进展的危险因素。结论:男性、吸烟、糖尿病、Hb A1c水平是冠心病患者冠状动脉病变进展最主要的危险因素,LDL促进冠状动脉病变进展。戒烟、控制Hb A1c水平以及控制LDL-c<1.4 mmol/L对延缓冠状动脉病变进展意义重大。     

40岁及以下女性冠心病患者临床特点和危险因素分析

目的探讨年轻冠心病患者的临床特点及性别差异。方法回顾分析2009—2013年在我院诊断为冠心病并行冠状动脉造影检查,年龄≤40岁的女性患者,共77例,并以年龄按1:4随机匹配308例男性患者。对入选患者的临床表现、危险因素、冠状动脉造影特点和治疗方法进行比较分析。结果 (1)临床表现:女性患者自发/变异型心绞痛比例显著高于男性(14.3%比7.1%,P=0.045),心肌梗死比例显著低于男性(35.1%比58.1%,P<0.001);(2)危险因素:女性患者吸烟比例显著低于男性(5.2%比79.9%,P<0.001);高血压、2型糖尿病、血脂异常、阳性家族史比例性别差异无统计学意义(均为P>0.05);(3)冠状动脉造影结果:女性患者的零支病变、单支病变、双支病变和三支/左主干病变的比例和男性比较,总体差异无统计学意义;但女性零支病变比例高于男性(9.1%比3.2%,P=0.026);(4)治疗方法:女性患者单纯药物治疗比例高于男性(33.8%比16.2%,P<0.001),经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术比例低于男性(64.9%比79.5%,P=0.007)。结论年轻冠心病患者女性吸烟比例低于男性,自发/变异型心绞痛、非阻塞性冠状动脉病变和接受单纯药物治疗者更多。     

早发冠心病患者冠状动脉病变特点及危险因素分析

目的 探讨早发冠心病患者冠状动脉病变特点及危险因素.方法 入选我院2012年6月至2014年4月经冠状动脉造影诊断为冠心病的患者279例,根据男性年龄≤55岁、女性年龄≤65岁分为早发冠心病组和非早发冠心病组.统计患者入院基本临床资料.所有患者均检测空腹血糖（FPG）、总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）.根据冠状动脉狭窄直径≥50％累及左前降支（LAD）、左回旋支（LCX）、右冠状动脉（RCA）或左主干（LM）分为单支、双支（累及左主干为双支病变）及三支病变组.根据Gensini积分标准对每位患者冠状动脉病变进行评分.结果 早发冠心病组男性比例、吸烟比例、存在早发冠心病家族史的比例、TG水平显著高于非早发冠心病组（P＜0.05）.与非早发冠心病组相比,早发冠心病组患者以单支病变为主,二者在受累冠状动脉部位上并无差别.非早发冠心病组患者平均冠状动脉病变支数、平均Gensini积分高于早发冠心病组（1.97±0.82比1.66±0.93,P=0.003;8.72±6.21比48.65±8.90,P=0.000）.多因素Logistic回归分析显示,男性（95％CI：2.342～10.420,P=0.000）、吸烟（95％CI：9.468～31.220,P=0.000）、早发冠心病家族史（95％CI：8.120～23.480,P=0.001）、TG（95％CI：1.224～5.465,P=0.001）是早发冠心病患者独立危险因素.结论 早发冠心病患者冠状动脉病变特点是以单支病变为主.男性、吸烟、早发冠心病家族史、TG是早发冠心病患者的独立危险因素.积极戒烟、降低TG能够降低早发冠心病的发病率.     

冠状动脉0钙化积分人群非钙化性斑块的发生率及其危险因素分析简

目的 利用计算机断层扫描（computerized tomography,CT）冠状动脉成像,研究冠状动脉0钙化积分人群非钙化性斑块的发生率及管腔狭窄程度,并分析其相关危险因素.方法 对968例冠状动脉0钙化积分患者的影像学资料和临床资料进行回顾性分析,所有患者均行64层螺旋CT冠状动脉钙化积分扫描及CT冠状动脉成像检查;采用单因素分析和Logistic回归分析冠状动脉非钙化性斑块形成的相关危险因素.结果 968例患者中,203例（21.0％）检出非钙化性斑块,斑块导致轻度狭窄124例（61.1％）、中度狭窄53例（26.1％）、重度狭窄26例（12.8％）.Logistic回归分析显示原发性高血压（高血压）（OR=3.994,P=0.010）、男性（OR=2.663,P=0.000）、吸烟史（OR=1.376,P=0.001）、甘油三酯增高（OR=3.536,P=0.000）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇降低（OR=0.653,P=0.008）为冠状动脉非钙化性斑块形成的危险因素.糖尿病史、血清甘油三酯和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度与斑块导致的管腔狭窄程度有关.结论 冠状动脉0钙化积分人群中有相当比例的人存在非钙化性斑块,高血压、高脂血症为非钙化性斑块形成的两大独立危险因素.     

非酒精性脂肪性肝病合并冠心病患者冠脉病变程度及其危险因素分析*

目的 分析非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）合并冠心病（CHD）患者冠脉病变程度及其危险因素。方法 2015年1月~2017年1月我院收治的154例NAFLD患者,经冠脉造影诊断CHD 71例。使用超声和CT检查诊断脂肪肝程度,应用Gensini评分评判冠脉病变程度。采用Logistic多因素回归分析影响冠脉病变的因素。结果 71例CHD与83例非CHD患者在合并糖尿病、吸烟及FPG、TC、TG、ALT、AST、GGT、hs-CRP和HOMA -IR水平方面比较有显著性差异（t/x²=7.62、5.38、3.82、5.80、3.72、8.79、3.10、5.75、5.25、5.93,P<0.05或P<0.01）;多因素Logistic回归分析显示,合并糖尿病、FPG、TC、ALT、hs-CRP、HOMA-IR是NAFLD合并CHD的独立危险因素（P<0.05或P<0.01）;37例轻度、23例中度和11例重度NAFLD合并CHD患者单支、双支和三支冠状病变比例比较有显著性差异（x²=14.8,P<0.01）。结论 NAFLD合并CHD发病率较高,及时了解其发生的独立危险因素,做好重点监测和防治是减少CHD发生的积极措施。     

冠状动脉病变程度与冠心病危险因素的相关性

目的:探讨冠状动脉病变程度与冠心病危险因素的相关性。方法: 入选2010年1月～6月在武汉大学人民医院行冠状动脉造影的患者324例,其中确诊冠心病患者264例,排除冠心病者60例。冠脉病变程度由病变支数及病变Gensini总积分表示。收集患者性别、年龄、高血压病史、糖尿病病史、吸烟量（支数X年）、体质指数（BMI）、胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、心率（HR）、QT间期离散度（QTd）、病变冠脉支数、Gensini总积分,采用多因素和单因素分析。结果: 单因素分析显示,在病变程度不同的各组间比较,随各组中单个危险因素病例百分率的增加,冠状动脉造影病变支数和病变Gensini总积分随之增加。多因素logistic回归分析（前进法）显示,QTd增大为冠心病病变程度的最显著的独立危险因素（OR=4.2,95%CI 3.8,4.4,P<0.01）,其他危险因素依次为低HDL-C、BMI增大、吸烟、增龄、糖尿病、高LDL-C、高血压病、高TC、高TG、HR增加和男性。结论: QTd增大为冠心病病变程度的最显著的独立相关因素,其他危险因素如低HDL-C、BMI增大、吸烟、增龄、糖尿病、高LDL-C、高血压病、高TC、高TG、心率增加和男性亦不能忽视。     

老年冠心病患者的特点和危险因素临床研究

目的：探讨老年冠心病患者的心血管病变特点及相关危险因素。方法：2012年1月～2013年1月我院冠脉造影确诊的130例冠心病患者,被分为老年组（68例,≥60岁）和中年组（62例,＜60岁）。探讨老年冠心病的特点,同时采用 Logistic 回归分析对冠心病的危险因素进行筛选。结果：老年组的冠脉病变≥2支病变者占85.3％,显著高于中年组的48.4％（P＜0.01）。通过 Logistic回归分析得出：年龄、性别、高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常升高为老年冠心病的独立危险因素（OR＝1.268～2.956,P 均＜0.01）。其中性别为最明显独立相关因素（OR＝2.935,P＜0.001）。结论：老年冠心病患者以冠状动脉多支病变为主,年龄、性别、高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常升高为老年冠心病的独立危险因素。     

Prevalence of and risk factors for aspirin resistance in elderly patients with coronary artery disease

Objective To assess the prevalence of and related risk factors for aspirin resistance in elderly patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods Two hundred and forty-six elderly patients (75.9 ± 7.4 years) with CAD who received daily aspirin therapy (≥ 75 mg) over one month were recruited. The effect of aspirin was assessed using light transmission aggregometry (LTA) and thrombelastography platelet mapping assay (TEG). Aspirin resistance was defined as ≥ 20% arachidonic acid (AA)-induced aggregation and ≥ 70% adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced aggregation in the LTA assay. An aspirin semi-responder was defined as meeting one (but not both) of the criteria described above. Based on the results of TEG, aspirin resistance was defined as ≥ 50% aggregation induced by AA. Results As determined by LTA, 23 (9.3%) of the elderly CAD patients were resistant to aspirin therapy; 91 (37.0%) were semi-responders. As determined by TEG, 61 patients (24.8%) were aspirin resistant. Of the 61 patients who were aspirin resistant by TEG, 19 were aspirin resistant according to LTA results. Twenty-four of 91 semi-responders by LTA were aspirin resistant by TEG. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that elevated fasting serum glucose level (Odds ratio: 1.517; 95% CI: 1.176–1.957; P = 0.001) was a significant risk factor for aspirin resistance as determined by TEG. Conclusions A significant number of elderly patients with CAD are resistant to aspirin therapy. Fasting blood glucose level is closely associated with aspirin resistance in elderly CAD patients.     

早发冠心病患者冠状动脉病变特点及危险因素的临床研究

目的探讨早发冠心病患者的冠状动脉病变特点及相关危险因素。方法152例经冠状动脉造影确诊的冠心病患者，根据年龄分为早发冠心病组（男性〈55岁，女性〈65岁）74例和老年冠心病组78例。对两组患者的相关资料进行回顾性统计分析，比较二者的冠状动脉病变特点、血脂水平、高血压病史、糖尿病病史、冠心病家族史、吸烟史、饮酒史等，评价其是否存在差异性。结果早发冠心病组中吸烟史，冠心病家族史，血清总胆固醇高于老年冠心病组；而高血压病史、糖尿病史低于老年冠心病组。早发冠心病组冠状动脉病变多为单支病变，老年冠心病组以多支病变为主。结论吸烟、冠心病阳性家族史，高胆固醇血症均是早发冠心病的主要危险因素。冠状动脉病变特点以单支病变为主。     

中老年冠心病多重危险因素临床分析

目的　观察中老年国人冠心病多重危险因素中各种因素所占比重。方法　顺序入选 16 2例 (男 12 4 ,女38)冠脉造影检查患者 ,采用LOGISTIC法分析年龄、性别、吸烟史、家族史、血压、脉压 (PP)、血糖 (Glu)、血胆固醇 (TC)和甘油三酯 (TG)等危险因素与冠脉狭窄病变之间的关系。结果　性别、年龄、吸烟、舒张压 (DBP)、PP、Glu、TC与冠心病有显著相关性 ,其中以性别、年龄、Glu、DBP和PP影响较大。结论　冠心病的危险因素控制 ,除血糖、血脂和戒烟外 ,纠正舒张压过低和脉压过大非常重要     

Prior coronary artery bypass graft surgery patients undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography have multiple uncontrolled coronary artery disease risk factors and high risk for cardiovascular events

Limited contemporary data exist on the cardiovascular risk of patients with prior coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG) requiring diagnostic coronary angiography. We examined the prevalence and control of coronary artery disease risk factors and the outcomes of 367 prior CABG patients who underwent diagnostic coronary angiography between October 1, 2004 and May 31, 2007 at the Dallas Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Mean age was 65 ± 9 years, 97% were men, and the mean time from CABG to diagnostic angiography was 8.2 ± 6.1 years. Hypertension, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, diabetes mellitus, smoking, and obesity were suboptimally controlled in 70%, 59%, 47%, 33%, and 50%, respectively. Intake of statins and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers was 88% and 81%, respectively. After a mean follow-up of 1.4 ± 0.8 years, the incidence of death and major cardiovascular events was 10% and 32%, respectively. In spite of significant improvement compared to previous studies and good compliance with indicated medications, contemporary prior CABG patients undergoing coronary angiography still have multiple and poorly controlled coronary artery disease risk factors and high risk for cardiovascular events. Novel pharmacologic and behavioral treatment strategies are needed.     

老年冠心病患者阿司匹林抵抗及危险因素研究

目的分析老年冠心病（CAD）患者阿司匹林抵抗（AR）的患病率及临床特征,评价AR的相关危险因素。方法129例住院老年CAD患者包括急性冠状动脉综合征（ACS）106例、稳定型心绞痛患者（SAP）23例。应用二磷酸腺苷（ADP）、花生四烯酸（AA）诱导的血小板聚集率评价AR。测定血液生化指标,记录心血管疾病危险因素,伴随临床疾病,超声心动图、冠状动脉造影结果及介入治疗措施等。结果老年CAD患者AR的患病率为51．9％,ACS组AR患病率（57．5％）明显高于SAP组（26．1％）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,AR与合并糖尿病、高敏C反应蛋白（hsCRP）及低密度质蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）水平升高相关（P〈0．05）。结论老年CAD患者AR患病率ACS组明显高于SAP组,合并糖尿病、hsCRP和LDL—C升高是AR的危险因素。     

The traditional and modifiable risk factors of coronary artery disease – a community-based cross-sectional study among 2 populations

A community-based cross-sectional study was undertaken by the Cardiology Society of India (Kerala Chapter) to determine the prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) and its risk factors. The periodontal health status of the rural and urban participants in the Thiruvananthapuram district of Kerala was evaluated to document any association between periodontal disease (PD) and CAD and to describe any shared risk factors.The participants were selected using a multistage cluster random sampling method. Socio-demographic data and personal histories were collected using a structured interview schedule and validated tools. Body mass index, blood pressure, electrocardiogram, and biochemical investigations were recorded and analyzed using standard protocols. A modification of the Ramfjord periodontal disease index was used to assess periodontal health.PD was more frequent among rural (61.4%) than in the urban population (35.5%). The frequencies of CAD associated with PD in the rural and urban populations were 82.6% and 40.5%, respectively. PD was not found to be a significant risk factor for CAD in the univariate regression analysis of urban populations. In the rural population, the odds of PD as a risk factor for CAD were found to be 3.08 (95% CI [1.38–8.38]) and significant (P = .043) in univariate regression analysis and 1.54 (95% CI: 0.44–5.4) and non-significant (P = .503) in the multivariate regression analysis.In rural areas, male sex and dyslipidemia demonstrated borderline significance as risk factors for CAD. PD was not found to be an independent risk factor after adjusting for age, sex, tobacco use, hypertension, sedentary lifestyle, and dyslipidemia. Male sex and dyslipidemia were identified as shared risk factors between PD and CAD, which could have confounded the significant association between the latter. In urban areas, age, male sex, and dyslipidemia demonstrated an independent association with CAD. This study could not establish an independent association between PD and CAD in either community. Future epidemiological studies should identify and recruit novel environmental factors to understand the interrelationships between PD and CAD and focus on the role of effect modifiers that may have a protective role against PD colluding with CAD.     

Angina pectoris and coronary artery disease in severe isolated valvular aortic stenosis

BACKGROUND: Angina pectoris has long been recognised as one of the principal symptoms of severe aortic valve stenosis (AS), even in patients without significant coronary artery disease (CAD). However, controversy exists concerning the prevalence of angina pectoris and associated CAD in such patients. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of CAD detectable by angiography and its relation to angina pectoris and coronary risk factors in patients with severe AS. PATIENTS AND METHODS: All patients with symptomatic AS who had undergone aortic valve replacement and preoperative cardiac catheterisation at the Austin and Repatriation Medical Centre between 1 January 1986 and 31 May 1996 were retrospectively analysed. Those patients with multiple valve disease, aortic regurgitation of grade 2 or more in severity, or who had had prior coronary artery or valve surgery were excluded from this analysis. RESULTS: A total of 328 consecutive patients with severe AS (242 men and 86 women; mean age 72 years, range 39-84 years) were studied. Significant CAD (reduction in luminal diameter > or = 50%) was found in 162 patients (49.4%). Typical angina was present in 74.7% of these 162 patients but it was also found in 44.6% of the 166 patients without obstructive CAD. Of the patients without angina (n = 133), 30.8% had significant CAD. By multivariate logistic regression, we have identified seven significant predictors for CAD among severe AS patients. Five factors increased risk. Expressed as odds ratio with 95% confidence interval, these included: (i) age in years (1.07; 1.04-1.11, P = 0.001); (ii) male gender (2.09; 1.14-3.80, P = 0.016); (iii) angina pectoris (3.19; 1.89-5.37, P < 0.001); (iv) history of myocardial infarction (2.87; 1.38-5.97, P = 0.005); and (v) peripheral vascular disease (2.28; 1.28-4.05, P = 0.005). Factors associated with decreased likelihood of CAD were serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (0.58; 0.34-0.71, P = 0.002) and peak systolic gradient across the aortic valve (0.97; 0.95-0.99, P = 0.0113). CONCLUSION: Coronary arteriography can probably be omitted for a patient with severe AS if that patient has no symptoms of angina and has no risk factors known to increase its incidence.