超声引导下多电极射频消融术治疗原发性肝癌36例

目的：观察超声引导下多电极射频消融治疗原发性肝癌的疗效。方法：应用超声导向对36例原发性肝癌进行多电极射频消融治疗，并采用CT、彩色多普勒、肿瘤标志物检测等手段，对其疗效进行综合评价。结果：术后1～2周彩色多普勒、CT显示肿瘤内血供完全消失31例(86．11％)，术后1～2个月，增强CT显示病灶完全灭活33例(91．67％)，AFP转阴17例，下降6例，有效率88．46％(23／26)，术后3个月增强CT及B超显示肿瘤体积缩小25％的33例(91．67％)。结论：超声引导下多电极射频消融治疗原发性肝癌是一种微创、安全、疗效显著的方法。     

多电极射频在肝癌术中的应用

目的：探讨多电极射频热凝固治疗在肝癌术中的应用及临床效果。方法：对25例开腹探查后无法切除或切除后残余的肝癌病人，在术中B超引导下，进行射频治疗，术后定期随访，每月1次彩超检查，每3～6个月1次CT检查．观察肿块大小变化。结果：对术中无法切除或切除不尽肝癌，行术中射频治疗可使肿瘤细胞产生热凝固性坏死．25例治疗后症状有改善，其中AFP阳性者治疗后转阴率50％(10／20)，彩超或CT提示治疗有效率为72％(18／25)，未发生与治疗相关的严重并发症。结论：术中RFA治疗彻底，效果肯定，术后并发症少，实用范围广，手术切除配合术中射频治疗是提高肝癌手术切除率及根治效果的有效手段。     

超声引导经皮射频微创治疗小肝癌116例

目的 探讨小肝癌行超声引导经皮射频微创治疗的可行性疗效和应注意的问题。方法 2002年9月～2004年12月,对116例肝癌患者进行PRFA治疗。治疗后定期复查AFP,治疗后1个月复查B超或CT确定肿瘤是否完全坏死。结果 AFP转阴率为82．1％,B超或CT显示肿瘤完全液化坏死率为84.4％。结论 超声引导经皮射频微创治疗小肝癌具有创伤小、病人易于接受;治疗效果肯定;术后并发症低且易控制;术后生活质量高等优点。     

经皮肝穿刺射频热凝治疗肝癌

目的：探讨B超引导经皮肝穿刺射频热凝（PRFA）治疗肝癌的价值。方法：对77例肝癌患进行B超引导PRFA治疗。患肝功能分级ChildA级59例,B级16例,C级2例。原发性肝癌59例,继发性肝癌18例。患治疗后每个月进行AFP和B超检查,治疗后1个月复查MRI或CT。结果：小肝癌各组（Child A、B、C）PRFA术后9个月生存率分别为93．3％、90％和0。大肝癌各组（原发、复发、继发）术后9个月生存率分别为55．6％、22．2％和25％。未手术的原发性小肝癌（≤5cm）24例,其中AFP阳性18例,PRFA术后AFP转阴占72．2％（13／18）,明显降低占22．2％（4／18）,未降低占5．6％（1／18）;MRI显示24例中肿瘤完全凝固性坏死占79．2％（19／24）。结论：PRFA作为肿瘤局部透热治疗的一种方法,对于小肝癌尤其是无手术指征,或有手术指征但手术风险大的小肝癌,具有微创、时间短、安全方便、疗效可靠的优点。对于大肝癌,PRFA可与肝动脉介入化疗栓塞联合应用,提高疗效。     

射频消融术加肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗原发性肝癌

目的探讨超声导向射频消融术（RFA）联合肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）治疗原发性肝癌的治疗效果。方法应用超声引导下对80例原发性肝癌患者进行RFA联合TACE（治疗组）和对70例肝癌患者进行射频消融术，比较观察该法治疗组与单纯射频消融治疗组治疗前、后肿瘤大小、血供变化及临床疗效。结果该法治疗组与单纯射频消融治疗组术后肿瘤血供消失和减少率分别为95％、70％；3个月复查彩超肿瘤缩小25％以上者分别为90％和85．7％。结论射频消融联合肝动脉化疗栓塞术是一种有效治疗肝癌的新方法。同时，彩超为实时观察肝癌血供状态，声像图变化提供重要依据。在指导治疗和判定疗效方面有重要意义。     

集束电极射频治疗肝癌术后复发11例报告

目的 探讨集束电极射频治疗肝癌术后复发的近期疗效。方法 对11例肝癌行B超引导下经皮集束电极射频治疗。比较观察治疗前后肿瘤血供变化及近期疗效。结果 11例病人集束电极射频治疗病灶19个，螺旋CT及彩色超声显示肿瘤内无血供。射频治疗后随访3个月—2年，19个病灶均未见肿瘤局部复发。结论 集束电极射频治疗肝癌术后复发有较确切的近期效果。     

超声引导下经皮微波消融与CT超声引导下肿瘤射频消融治疗原发性肝癌的临床比较

目的探讨超声引导下经皮微波消融与CT超声引导下肿瘤射频消融治疗原发性肝癌的临床比较。方法选取2009年2月-2013年3月我院微创介入治疗科收治的46例(72个病灶)原发性肝癌患者为研究对象,随机数字表法均分为研究组和对照组,对照组行超声引导下经皮微波消融治疗,研究组行CT超声引导下肿瘤射频消融治疗,观察两组围术期相关指标[手术时间、术后住院时间、住院费用],消融情况[消融点数、消融时间]、临床疗效影像学评价、3年随访复发率。结果研究组手术时间、术后住院时间分别均较对照组显著短(P0.05),两组住院费用相较无显著差异(P0.05);两组术后病灶均较好地清除;研究组3年复发率较对照组显著低,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=5.254,P0.05)。结论超声引导下经皮微波消融与CT超声引导下肿瘤射频消融对原发性肝癌的临床疗效均显著,射频消融在手术时间、住院时间、消融时间、3年复发率方面均具有更显著优势,值得临床推广应用。     

肝动脉化疗栓塞与无水酒精注射序贯治疗原发性肝癌

目的：评价原发性肝癌肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）与经皮穿刺无水酒精注射（PEI）序贯治疗的疗效。方法：不能手术切除的原发性肝癌患者共42例，其中16例行TACE＋PEI序贯治疗，26例行单纯TACE治疗。结果：CT及增强CT显示肿瘤组织完全坏死率，TACE＋PEI组87，5％，TACE组38．5％；彩超显示肿瘤血流信号消失率，TA—CE＋PEI组75．0％，TACE组34．6％；2年生存率，TACE＋PEI组81．3％，TACE组42．3％。两组疗效比较，TACE＋PEI组明显优于PEI组。并发症两组无明显差异。结论：TACE＋PEI对原发性肝癌有明显疗效。     

超声引导单击冷循环射频消融治疗肝癌的临床研究

目的探讨超声引导单击冷循环射频消融（cooling cycle radio frequency Ablation,RFA）治疗肝癌的疗效。方法对124例肝癌患者的146个肿瘤在超声引导下行多点扇形立体定位法经皮穿刺RFA治疗,在局部或硬膜外麻醉后,将射频电极穿刺肿瘤至肿瘤底部,根据肿瘤大小由深至浅进行消融治疗,每点治疗5～12min,当肿瘤完全被强回声覆盖超出正常肝组织0．5cm时停止治疗,封闭针道。治疗后15min行超声造影（CEUS）,判断肿瘤是否完全灭活,如果造影显示灭活不完全,可重复以上治疗;治疗后1个月行增强CT（CECT）或CEUS评估治疗效果。结果本组治疗后1个月CECT复查146个肿瘤,肿瘤内无强化者为125例（85．62％）,其中〈3cm者125例,-5cm者34例（85.00％）,～6cm者34例（80．95％）,-10cm者13例（81．25％）。CEUS复查126个肿瘤,肿瘤内无增强者106例（84．13％）,其中〈3．0cm者31例（86．11％）,-5cm者31例（85．29％）,-6cm者35例（83．33％）,-10cm者3例（78．57％）。CECT与CEUS比较,差异无显著性。结论超声引导单极冷循环RFA治疗肝癌疗效可靠,安全性高、适应范围广、创伤小、提高了较大肝癌灭活率。     

B超引导下射频消融治疗肝癌临床体会

目的：推广原发性肝癌在B超引导下射频消融治疗（RFA）肝癌方式;方法：对42例原发性肝癌78处病灶行RFA治疗,运用B超、增强CT扫描评价肝癌治疗效果;结果：术后3个月肿瘤直径缩小82％,完全坏死66％：结论：RFA治疗原发性肝癌是一种效果确切、不良反应小、安全可靠治疗肝癌的方法,值得基层推广。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.