Primary subacute osteomyelitis of the talus in children: a case series and review

Subacute haematogenous osteomyelitis of the talus in children is a rare condition. All previously reported cases have been managed by hospital admission with surgical debridement and antibiotics or by intravenous antibiotic therapy followed by oral antibiotics. This case series documents the management of the condition at our institution and reviews the current published literature. We conclude that with appropriate patient selection, primary subacute haematogenous osteomyelitis of the paediatric talus can be managed on an out-patient basis with oral antibiotic therapy.     

距骨后三角骨骨折诊疗1例

正患者,男,29岁,因外伤致右踝疼痛、肿胀、活动受限20 d,于2017年5月10日入院。患者于20 d前外伤致右踝部疼痛、肿胀、活动受限,急被家人送往当地医院,拍右踝X线片未见明显骨折,诊断为右踝关节扭伤(图1a),经保守治疗、对症处理后,症状未见明显缓解,为求进一步治疗,就诊于我院门诊。CT平扫显示:右距骨后三角骨骨质不连续(图     

Early jejunojejunostomy obstruction after laparoscopic gastric bypass: case series and treatment algorithm

BackgroundTo review our experience with early jejunojejunostomy obstruction (JJO) at a large academic teaching hospital and provide a management algorithm. Early JJO is a known and often overlooked complication of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.MethodsFrom 2003 to 2007, 1097 patients underwent laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass at our institution. Data, including patient demographics, co-morbidities, intraoperative data, peri- and postoperative complications, and outcomes, were prospectively recorded and retrospectively reviewed.ResultsEarly post-laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass JJO occurred in 13 patients (1.2%). The average time to presentation was 15 days (range 5–27). Patients presented with a combination of nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain; all underwent computed tomography to confirm the diagnosis. The causes of JJO included dietary noncompliance (46%), anastomotic edema (23%), narrowing of the jejunojejunostomy at surgery (23%), and luminal clot (8%). Management was determined using our proposed treatment algorithm. Three patients (23%) required operative intervention, with the remainder successfully treated conservatively.ConclusionFrom our experience, we propose a treatment algorithm for standardized management of early JJO, reserving reoperation for those who are acutely ill on presentation or those in whom conservative management fails. A review of our series using this algorithm has suggested that most patients can be successfully treated nonoperatively; however, bariatric surgeons must maintain a low threshold for surgical re-intervention in cases in which rapid recovery is not seen.     

Total extrusion of the talus: A case report

Total extrusion of the talus without recovery of the bone is a very unusual injury. The authors present a case of a 25-year-old man who sustained an open total enucleation of the talus in a motorcycle accident. The talus was not recovered at the scene of the accident. An immediate tibiocalcaneal stabilization was performed by using an external fixator. In the postoperative period, a polymicrobic infection was observed and treated with parenteral antibiotics. Nine months after injury, the patient developed an infection of both the empty space and the distal third of the tibia. A wound debridement with tibial sequestrectomy and insertion of gentamicin-impregnated polymethylmethacrylate beads was performed. Three months later, after multiple negative bacteriologic examinations, a tibiocalcaneal arthrodesis with staples and autogenous bone graft was performed. Because of a pseudoarthrosis, the patient underwent a revision of the arthrodesis by retrograde tibiocalcaneal nailing, achieving clinical and radiographic success. The definitive treatment of total enucleation of the talus is still controversial because of its rarity and the high rate of complications, such as avascular necrosis, osteomyelitis, and ankle stiffness. In this case, without recovery of the talus, retrograde nailing afforded good stability by bypassing the bone defects.     

Nonoperative treatment of closed total talus dislocation without fracture: A case report and literature review

Complete dislocation of the talus not accompanied by a fracture is a very rare injury. Most cases reported are open talus dislocations; closed dislocations are rarely seen. The functional prognosis is poor due to osteonecrosis of the talus which develops in the majority of cases.We present a case of lateral dislocation of the left talus in a 29-year-old road accident victim, but no fracture could be detected in the talus and any of malleolus. Reduction of dislocation had been performed in emergency by external manipulation. At 1-year follow-up, the right ankle was pain free and stable. Motion was satisfactory: 15° dorsal flexion, 30° plantar flexion; the talus didn''t show subluxation and avascular necrosis could not be detected.     

Simultaneous bilateral fracture-dislocation of the talus: A case report

A bilateral talar body fracture-dislocation in a 29-year-old multitrauma patient is presented. There was a comminuted fracture associated with an ankle, subtalar and talonavicular subluxation on the right lower limb and an open fracture with complete dislocation of the body of talus on the left side. We performed a minimal invasive reduction and stabilization of the fractures with the use of K-wires, due to severe contamination of the wounds and the patient's poor general condition. After a 28-month follow-up there were signs of posttraumatic arthritis but no signs of avascular necrosis of the talus bilaterally. The range of motion in both ankle joints was limited but the patient had a satisfactory level of activity.     

距骨骨内脂肪瘤员例

患者,女,41岁,因右踝关节酸痛3个月入院.患者3个月前无明显诱因出现右踝关节酸痛,行走时明显,休息时能缓解,3个月来症状逐渐加重,遂来院就诊,无发热、消瘦、夜间痛等.既往体健,右踝关节无明确外伤史.体格检查:全身浅表淋巴结未触及异常肿大,心肺腹部检查未见异常,右踝无畸形,无明显肿胀,无浅表静脉怒张,皮温正常,右踝关节前方压痛,关节活动度正常.     

Arthroscopic treatment for snapping scapula: a prospective case series

Purpose

Painful snapping scapula can be a disabling condition. The object of this prospective study was to assess the efficiency of arthroscopic bone resection of the medial superior corner of scapula, in patients suffering from continuously painful snapping scapula.

Methods

Twenty patients with painful snapping scapula underwent arthroscopic scapulothoracic bursectomi and resection of the hook formation at the medial superior margin of the scapular. Preoperatively, all patients reported temporary relief via a local anesthetic injection and had completed a 3-month rehabilitation program. The Western Ontario Rotator Cuff index (WORC) was used for the assessment of pain and function levels both pre- and postoperatively.

Results

Twenty patients (13 women and 7 men) were included. The mean follow-up was 2.9 years (range 2–5 years). The mean age was 40 years (range 19–68 years). The mean duration of symptoms was 4 years (range 4 months–20 years). Seven previously had arthroscopic operations in the affected shoulder with acromioplasty, with or without acromioclavicular joint resection. The median preoperative WORC score was 35.0 (range 18–74) and significantly increased to 86.4 (range 33–100) postoperatively. Out of 20 patients, 18 improved and 19 indicated that they would undergo the surgery again.

Conclusion

In this study, it was found that, among patients troubled by painful snapping scapula and without relief by exercise-based rehabilitation, arthroscopic resection of the medial superior hook formation in combination with partial bursectomy provides a serious gain in respect to the WORC score and is believed to be an effective treatment in most cases. One patient had a serious complication.     

Long-term outcome of surgical treatment for idiopathic spinal arachnoid web: A case series

ObjectiveSpinal arachnoid web (SAW) is a rare condition of the spine with limited long-term follow-up data in the literature. The longest reported follow-up period was an average  3.2 years. The objective of this study is to report our long-term results of patients who underwent surgical treatment for symptomatic idiopathic SAW.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of cases of idiopathic SAW that were operated between 2005–2020. We collected preoperative and last follow-up (LFU) data on motor force, sensory loss, pain, upper motor neuron (UMN) sign, gait disorder, sphincter dysfunction, syringomyelia, hyperintensity on T2-MRI, appearance of newer symptoms and number of reoperations.ResultsOur study included 9 patients with a mean follow-up period of 3.6 years (range 2–9.1 years). The surgical intervention involved a standard centered laminectomy, durotomy and arachnoid lysis. At presentation, motor weakness was present in 77.8% of patients, sensory loss in 66.7%, pain in 88.9%, sphincter dysfunction in 33.3%, UMN sign in 22%, gait disorder 55.6%, syringomyelia in 55.6% and MRI T2 hyperintensity in 55.6% of patients. At LFU, there was an improvement in all symptoms and signs to varying degrees. No new neurological symptoms appeared postoperatively, and there was no recurrence during the follow-up period.ConclusionOur results demonstrate that the reported immediate and short-term favorable outcomes following arachnoid lysis for symptomatic SAW persist over a long-term period and the risk of readhesion-correlated neurological deterioration following conventional surgical intervention is low.     

Osseous genioplasty: A case series

Introduction:

The chin (mentum) is vital to the human facial morphology as it contributes to the facial aesthetics and harmony both on frontal and lateral views. Osseous genioplasty, the alteration of the chin through skeletal modification, can lead to significant enhancement of the overall facial profile.

Aim and Study Design:

A case series was designed to study the long-term results of osseous genioplasty in Indian patients with regard to patient satisfaction, complications, and long-term stability.

Materials and Methods:

All subjects who underwent osseous genioplasty either alone or as a component of orthognathic surgery between January 1992 and December 2010, with a minimum follow-up of 2 years, were included. The genioplasty was performed using standard protocols of assessment and execution. Post-operative evaluation included patient satisfaction, complications and radiological evidence of long-term stability. A comprehensive score was formulated for the purpose of the study.

Results:

Thirty-seven subjects underwent osseous genioplasty with at least 2 years of follow-up in the study period. This included 17 male and 20 female subjects, with a mean age of 22.8 years (15-52 years) and a mean follow-up of 3 years 4 months (2 years to 4 years and 11 months). Nineteen subjects underwent isolated genioplasty while 18 underwent genioplasty as a part of orthognathic surgery. The procedures included advancement (22), pushback (9), side-to-side (4) and vertical reduction (2) genioplasty. Thirty-six subjects (97.3%) were extremely pleased with the results with only one subject expressing reservations, without, however, demanding any further procedure. There were no significant complications. The osteotomised segment was well maintained in its new position with good bony union and minimal resorption. Overall, 35 (94.6%) cases had excellent results and 2 (4.4%) cases had good results, according to the comprehensive score.

Conclusions:

Osseous genioplasty is a safe and effective means of creating a beautiful and balanced facial profile by producing alterations in the chin morphology with minimal complications and excellent and stable long-term results.KEY WORDS: Chin deformity, mentoplasty, osseous genioplasty     

Self-inflicted burns: A case series

Self-inflicted burns are regularly admitted to burns units worldwide. Most of these patients are referred to psychiatric services and are successfully treated however some return to hospital with recurrent self-inflicted burns. The aim of this study is to explore the characteristics of the recurrent self-inflicted burn patients admitted to the Royal North Shore Hospital during 2004–2011. Burn patients were drawn from a computerized database and recurrent self-inflicted burn patients were identified. Of the total of 1442 burn patients, 40 (2.8%) were identified as self-inflicted burns. Of these patients, 5 (0.4%) were identified to have sustained previous self-inflicted burns and were interviewed by a psychiatrist. Each patient had been diagnosed with a borderline personality disorder and had suffered other forms of deliberate self-harm. Self-inflicted burns were utilized to relieve or help regulate psychological distress, rather than to commit suicide. Most patients had a history of emotional neglect, physical and/or sexual abuse during their early life experience. Following discharge from hospital, the patients described varying levels of psychiatric follow-up, from a post-discharge review at a local community mental health centre to twice-weekly psychotherapy. The patients who engaged in regular psychotherapy described feeling more in control of their emotions and reported having a longer period of abstinence from self-inflicted burn. Although these patients represent a small proportion of all burns, the repeat nature of their injuries led to a significant use of clinical resources. A coordinated and consistent treatment pathway involving surgical and psychiatric services for recurrent self-inflicted burns may assist in the management of these challenging patients.     

开放性距骨脱位的手术治疗

目的：探讨手术治疗开放性距骨脱位的临床疗效。方法：收集2001年6月至2008年7月资料完整的开放性距骨脱位患者11例,男8例,女3例;年龄19～52岁,平均39.5岁。按照Gustilo分型：Ⅰ型2例,Ⅱ型6例,ⅢA型2例,ⅢB型1例。胫距关节脱位5例（其中合并距下关节脱位3例）,距下关节脱位4例,距骨完全脱位2例。8例合并距骨不同部位骨折。所有患者均在伤后8h内接受清创、复位内固定加石膏或外固定支架固定。术后6周去除外固定。X线提示骨折愈合后负重。随访时摄踝关节正侧位、足部正位X线片,并按照美国足踝外科协会（AOFAS）对后足功能评分标准从疼痛、功能、力线等方面进行评分。结果：11例患者随访时间为10～15个月,平均13.8个月。8例合并不同部位骨折的患者均获得愈合,愈合时间4～7个月,平均4.3个月,无伤口及深部感染。距骨坏死2例,创伤性关节炎2例。末次随访时AOFAS评分为（71.3±8.6）分,其中疼痛（32.4±7.1）分,功能（31.0±15.7）分,力线（7.6±2.3）分。结论：对于开放性距骨脱位,通过积极彻底清创可以避免感染的发生;早期复位和固定是治疗的关键。     

Spontaneous spondylodiscitis and endocarditis: interdisciplinary experience from a tertiary institutional case series and proposal of a treatment algorithm

Previously, the simultaneous presence of endocarditis (IE) has been reported in 3–30% of spondylodiscitis cases. The specific implications on therapy and outcome of a simultaneous presence of both diseases are not yet fully evaluated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of a simultaneously present endocarditis on the course of therapy and outcome of spondylodiscitis. A prospective database analysis of 328 patients diagnosed with spontaneous spondylodiscitis (S) using statistical analysis with propensity score matching was conducted. Thirty-six patients (11.0%) were diagnosed with concurrent endocarditis (SIE) by means of transoesophageal echocardiography. In our cohort, the average age was 65.82?±?4.12 years and 64.9% of patients were male. The incidence of prior cardiac or renal disease was significantly higher in the SIE group (coronary heart disease SIE n?=?13/36 vs. S n?=?57/292, p?<?0.05 and chronic heart failure n?=?11/36 vs. S n?=?41/292, p?<?0.05, chronic renal failure SIE n?=?14/36 vs. S n?=?55/292, p?<?0.05). Complex interdisciplinary coordination and diagnostics lead to a significant delay in surgical intervention (S?=?4.5?±?4.5 days vs. SIE?=?8.9?±?9.5 days, p?<?0.05). Mortality did not show statistically significant differences: S (13.4%) and SIE (19.1%). Time to diagnosis and treatment is a key to efficient treatment and patient safety. In order to counteract delayed therapy, we developed a novel therapy algorithm based on the analysis of treatment processes of the SIE group. We propose a clear therapy pathway to avoid frequently observed pitfalls and delays in diagnosis to improve patient care and outcome.

     

Osteosarcoma of the talus: a case report

The reported incidence of osteosarcoma of the foot is very low. Osteosarcoma of the talus is extremely rare and few cases have been reported in the literature. The clinical findings are not typical, and osteosarcoma of the talus can be easily misdiagnosed, resulting in a delay in proper treatment. We report the case of a patient with osteosarcoma of the talus, from a series of 120 osteosarcomas treated at our hospital between 1966 and 2002.