64排螺旋CT心肌灌注显像评价冠状动脉狭窄对心肌缺血的诊断效能

目的 利用99mTc-MIBI心肌灌注显像(MPI)探讨64排螺旋CT冠状动脉造影(CTCA)发现的冠状动脉狭窄对心肌缺血的诊断效能.方法 30例患者接受MPI和CTCA检查.将CTCA三支冠状动脉分为12段,以MPI为诊断标准,分别以CTCA血管狭窄≥50%和≥75%为截断值,统计对应节段MPI是否出现异常,分析CTCA诊断的冠状动脉狭窄对心肌缺血的效能评价.结果 MPI发现灌注异常9例(6例可逆性,3例固定性血流灌注减低).CTCA共分析327个冠状动脉节段,其中狭窄≥50%者占25段(7.65%);狭窄≥75%者12段(3.67%).以MPI异常为标准观察病变血管,以狭窄≥50%为界值时,CTCA的敏感性、特异性、阴性预测值(NPV)、阳性预测值(PPV)和准确性分别是68.42%、96.14%、99.01%、52.00%和95.41%;以狭窄≥75%为界值,则分别为66.67%、99.04%、98.73%、66.67%、97.55%.以MPI异常为标准观察患者,当血管狭窄≥50%为界值时,CTCA 的敏感性、特异性、NPV、PPV和准确性分别是66.67%、57.14%、80.00%、40.00%和60.00%;当≥75%为界值时,上述指标分别是55.56%、85.71%、81.82%、62.50%和76.67%.结论 正常CTCA对心肌缺血患者的排查是可靠的,CTCA异常是否存在心肌缺血需要进一步检查.     

64层CT冠状动脉成像、磁共振多技术扫描评价冠心病的对比研究

目的比较64层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影(CTA)和磁共振心脏多技术扫描对冠心病(CHD)的诊断结果。方法28例拟行冠状动脉造影(CAG)的冠心病患者,于术前一周完成64层螺旋CTA及磁共振心脏多技术扫描,分别与CAG进行对照。结果64层螺旋CTA与CAG对各支冠状动脉狭窄程度的显示具有较好的一致性(P<0.05)。64层螺旋CTA判断中、重度狭窄血管(≥50%)的敏感度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值为87.88%、98.73%、95.54%、96.67%、95.12%。磁共振多技术扫描左室增大8例,室壁明显变薄7例。在476个节段中,29个节段(6.09%)运动减弱或不运动,9个节段(1.89%)出现矛盾运动或室壁瘤。冠状动脉轻、中、重度狭窄组的心肌磁共振灌注及延迟扫描序列阳性显示率为26.32%、89.47%、100%。MRI间接判断中、重度狭窄血管(≥50%)的敏感度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值为93.75%、86.54%、89.29%、81.08%、95.74%。结论64层螺旋CTA和MR心肌灌注显示冠心病中、重度狭窄血管与CAG的结果差异无明显统计学意义;两种方法的准确度无明显差异,对冠心病的诊断各具优势。     

64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像诊断冠状动脉狭窄价值

目的评价64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像（CTA）诊断冠状动脉狭窄的准确性与可行性。方法 30例临床拟诊为冠心病的病人行64层螺旋CTA,以选择性冠状动脉DSA造影作为金标准,比较两种检查方法的结果。结果 120段冠状动脉在CTA图像上得到良好显示,达到分析要求。64层螺旋CT诊断冠状动脉狭窄（狭窄程度≥50%）的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为77.8%、85.3%、48.3%和95.6%。结论 64层螺旋CTA显示冠状动脉狭窄具有很高的阴性预测值,可作为一种无创检查技术对冠状动脉狭窄进行筛查。     

64排螺旋CT联合心肌灌注成像技术在冠状动脉狭窄患者心肌缺血的临床诊断特异度和灵敏度研究

目的分析64排螺旋CT冠状动脉造影(CTCA)联合心肌灌注成像(MPI)技术应用于冠状动脉狭窄患者心肌缺血的临床诊断特异度和灵敏度。方法选取2014年7月至2016年7月收治的42例初步诊断为冠心病的患者作为研究对象,对其采用MPI技术和CTCA技术进行检查。将MPI成像作为诊断标准,将CTCA血管狭窄高于50%与高于75%分别作为截断值,对相应MPI节段发生异常的情况进行统计,探讨CTCA对冠状动脉狭窄与心肌缺血的诊断能力。结果所有患者共呈现出420个主要冠状动脉节段,其中38个节段由于成像质量原因被排除,定量CTCA结果呈现其动脉狭窄高于50%的患者有20例(20/42,47.62%),共计累及33个节段(33/382,8.64%)发生狭窄,而11例狭窄高于75%(11/42,26.19%),共计累及14个节段(14/382,3.66%)发生狭窄。从成像结果分析,12例患者的心肌血流灌注发生异常,其中8例患者为可逆性异常,而4例患者为固定性灌注降低。以MPI异常作为标准,CTCA图像中某个节段的冠状动脉发生狭窄时,少数患者和血管供应节段相应的左心室室壁发生心肌缺血。结论 CTCA图像结果正常时对于心肌缺血的患者可进行有效排查,而当CTCA成像结果异常时则需作深入检查才可定论。     

256层螺旋CT血管造影诊断冠状动脉狭窄——与经导管冠状动脉造影术对比

目的 初步探讨256层螺旋CT动脉造影术(CTA)在诊断冠状动脉狭窄中的价值.方法 回顾性分析32例临床初诊疑为冠心病患者的256层CTA检查结果,并与经导管冠状动脉造影术(CCA)结果进行对照.所有患者CTA检查前均未服用β受体阻滞剂.结果 32例患者中,冠状动脉直径≥2 mm的419个节段中,CT图像能满足诊断要求的为393个节段(93.79%).393个节段中,256层CTA显示中度以上狭窄(≥50%)的准确率、敏感度、特异度和阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为95.67%、80.70%、98.21%、88.46%、96.77%;显示重度狭窄(≥75%)的准确率、敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为96.69%、75.00%、98.88%、87.10%、97.51%.对于中度以上以及重度狭窄的诊断,256层CTA与CCA的差异均无统计学意义.结论 在未服用β受体阻滞剂的前提下,256层CTA对冠状动脉中、重度狭窄的初步筛选和诊断方面,与CCA无明显差别.     

心房颤动患者64层CT冠脉成像的扫描方法及后处理技术探讨

目的探讨心房颤动(房颤)患者64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像的扫描方法及后处理技术的应用价值。方法所有31例房颤心律患者均进行64层螺旋CT扫描并采用绝对值时间法重组心脏容积数据,对其中12例患者心电信号进行编辑,再结合回顾性心电门控技术和后处理工作站进行冠状动脉成像。分析31例心房纤颤患者的冠状动脉CT血管成像(CTA)图像质量,利用血管分析软件判断血管有无狭窄并测量狭窄程度,其中10例患者的冠状动脉CTA结果与冠状动脉导管造影(CAG)进行了对照分析。结果 31例患者中364段血管节段成像质量分析结果:质量优、良、中和差分别为194段(53.3%)、82段(22.5%)、41段(11.3%)和47段(12.9%);成像质量优良率为276段(75.8%)。10例与CAG进行对照,共分析冠状动脉血管125段,CTA诊断血管狭窄程度≥50%的敏感度为85.0%(17/20),特异度为95.2%(100/105)。结论 64层螺旋CT能够对房颤患者进行冠状动脉CTA检查,结合心电编辑、回顾性心电门控和工作站后处理技术,可以重建出较高质量的冠状动脉图像。     

核素心肌灌注显像与多层螺旋CT血管成像对心肌桥的对比分析

目的探讨99 Tcm-MIBI心肌灌注显像对心肌桥的临床价值。方法回顾性分析105例冠状动脉CTA诊断为心肌桥并接受运动及静息99 Tcm-MIBI心肌灌注显像的患者资料,分析心肌灌注显像结果,并与冠状动脉CTA结果进行比较。结果 105例心肌桥患者中,根据Nobel分级法,Ⅰ级狭窄21例,Ⅱ级狭窄24例,Ⅲ级狭窄60例;其中60例出现心肌缺血改变。缺血组与非缺血组心肌桥患者冠状动脉CTA显示狭窄程度的差异有统计学意义(χ2=61.731,P<0.001)。不同部位心肌桥血管支发生异常灌注的差异无统计学意义(χ2=3.588,P=0.166)。结论 99 Tcm-MIBI心肌灌注显像能够用于评价冠状动脉心肌桥。     

心率对64层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影诊断准确性的影响

目的 评价心率对64层螺旋CT诊断冠状动脉狭窄准确性的影响.方法 对148例临床怀疑或确诊为冠心病的患者进行64层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影(CTCA)检查,将结果与传统冠状动脉造影(CCA)结果进行对照.入选患者按照心率不同分为3组:第一组为心率≤65次/分,第二组心率为66～75次/分,第三组为心率＞75次/分.结果 64层螺旋CT诊断冠状动脉狭窄≥50%的敏感性为89.75%,特异性为98.63%,阳性预测值为92.33%,阴性预测值为98.12%;诊断冠状动脉狭窄≥75%的敏感性为90.22%,特异性为99.21%,阳性预测值91.71%,阴性预测值99.05%.在不同心率组中,第一组诊断狭窄≥50%的敏感性为94.55%,特异性为98.80%,阳性预测值为95.50%,阴性预测值为98.54%.第二组诊断≥50%狭窄的敏感性为90.48%,特异性为98.43%,阳性预测值为87.69%,阴性预测值为98.82%.第三组诊断≥50%狭窄的敏感性为71.93%,特异性为95.91%,阳性预测值为67.21%,阴性预测值为96.70%.结论 64层螺旋CT对心率较慢的患者有较高的准确性,可作为临床无创筛查冠心病的有效手段.     

统一体位在16排螺旋CT评价冠状动脉狭窄中的应用

目的通过建立统一的重组图像体位,研究16层螺旋CT(MSCT)诊断冠状动脉狭窄的准确性。方法对55例临床可疑冠心病患者16层MSCT心电门控增强扫描。用舒张期增强扫描图像行统一体位的最大密度投影(MIP)及容积显示(VR)重组,分析应用CT血管成像(CTA)7个MIP重组体位和9个VR重组体位评价冠状动脉狭窄≥50%的情况,将结果与常规X线冠状动脉造影作对照。结果共分析55例患者的220个血管分支,常规冠状动脉造影发现62个血管分支狭窄≥50%,综合7个MIP重组体位和9个VR重组体位,CTA发现58个血管分支狭窄≥50%(左主干5个,前降支21个,回旋支14个,右冠状动脉18个)。CTA诊断冠状动脉狭窄≥50%的敏感性为94%(58/62),特异性为92%(146/158)。结论 16层MSCT诊断冠状动脉狭窄有较高的敏感性和特异性;建立统一的成像体位有利于CTA与常规X线冠状动脉造影结果对照。     

64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像122例分析

目的探讨64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像的临床应用价值。方法对122例行冠状动脉CTA检查者采用多种后处理方法重建图像,回顾性分析总结64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像诊断冠心病的临床价值。结果发现不同类型粥样斑块310处;并与同期的常规冠状动脉造影对照了14例147节段,统计学结果为:64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像诊断管腔内径狭窄≥50%的敏感性95.5%,特异性92.2%,阴性预测值97.9%,阳性预测值82.7%。总符合率93.2%。结论 64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像是冠心病的有效筛查手段,具有较高的临床应用价值,是常规冠状动脉造影的重要补充。     

ASCI 2010 contrast media guideline for cardiac imaging: a report of the Asian Society of Cardiovascular Imaging cardiac computed tomography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging guideline working group

To evaluate the accuracy of myocardial perfusion SPECT (MPI) in the detection and allocation of vessel specific perfusion defects (PD) using standard distribution territories in a routine clinical procedure of patients with multivessel disease (MVD). Combined quantitative coronary angiography and fractional flow reserve (QCA/FFR) measurements were used as invasive reference standard. 216 vessels in 72 MVD patients (67 ± 10 years, 28 female) were investigated using MPI and QCA. FFR of 93 vessels with intermediate stenoses was determined. MPI detected significant stenoses according to QCA/FFR findings with a sensitivity of 85%. However, vessel-based evaluation using standard myocardial distribution territories delivered a sensitivity of only 62% (28 MPI+ out of 45 (QCA/FFR)+ findings), with specificity, PPV and NPV of 90, 62 and 90%. 7/17 false positive and 7/17 false negative findings (41%) could be attributed to incorrect allocation of reversible PD to their respective coronary arteries. 6/17 (35%) perfusion territories were classified as false negative when additional fixed PD were present. MPI had reasonable sensitivity for the detection of significant coronary artery disease in patients with multivessel disease. However, sensitivity decreased markedly, when the significance of each individual stenosis was evaluated using standard myocardial supplying territories. In this setting, 41% of false negative and false positive MPI findings resulted from incorrect allocation of reversible perfusion defects to their determining supplying vessel.     

16层CT冠状动脉成像与选择性冠状动脉造影的对比研究

目的:探讨16层CT对冠状动脉粥样硬化病变的显示情况及临床价值。方法:39例患者进行16层CT冠状动脉造影检查(疑似冠心病者31例,PTCA术后8例)及选择性冠状动脉造影。分析16层CT对冠状动脉各节段的显示情况。以管腔直径减小>50%为标准,判定冠状动脉狭窄。分析16层CT诊断冠状动脉狭窄的敏感性、特异性及符合率,及对病变性质的显示情况。结果:16层CT对冠状动脉的总体显示率为94.8%(333/351)。评价冠状动脉病变的总体敏感性为82.2%,特异性为94.7%,符合率为86.0%。16层CT显示钙化及非钙化斑块混合存在致血管狭窄21处,高估3处;中间密度斑块致狭窄8处,高估3处;软斑块3处,无显著狭窄。16层CT能清晰显示支架位置、形态及远端血流,1例再狭窄,1例闭塞,余通畅,其结果与选择性冠状动脉造影一致。另外,16层CT显示冠状动脉起源变异2例,前降支冠状动脉瘤1例,室壁瘤1例,房间隔缺损1例。结论:16层CT冠状动脉成像是一种颇具潜力的无创性检查方法,能够较为准确、全面的评价冠状动脉病变。     

CT和MRI在冠状动脉疾病诊断中的应用比较

目的比较心脏计算机断层扫描(CT)和心脏磁共振成像(MRI)在冠状动脉疾病的诊断的应用方法。方法 2008年2月到2010年2月我们前瞻性的连续选择了94例已知或者疑似CAD的患者,进行MRI心肌灌注、传统的冠状动脉造影、前瞻性ECG-门控的冠脉CTA分析,并比较了MRI心肌灌注和CA、前瞻性ECG-门控冠脉CTA加MRI心肌灌注和CA;评估了血流动力学相关狭窄。结果 MRI心肌灌注揭示了60/94(63.8%)的人具有心肌缺损(灌注缺损或梗阻)。CA揭示了94例病人中有66例冠状动脉中有150例大于50%直径的狭窄。平均每名患者的有效辐射剂量为2.5±1.1mSv。检测冠状动脉狭窄大于50%,在CA的敏感性,特异性,NPV,PPV和准确率低于MRI心肌灌注以及冠脉CTA加MRI心肌灌注。其中1例病人在CD伴随着MRI心肌灌注的LAD灌注缺损,在冠脉CTA被判定为没有明显狭窄。结论在诊断血流动力学相关的CAD,冠状动脉CTA可能取代CA。     

多层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像的应用研究

目的探讨16层CT冠状动脉成像的应用价值.方法 146例患者行16层CT冠状动脉成像,评价图像质量及狭窄程度.其中33例行常规冠状动脉造影作对照.结果 1 262节段能满足管腔评价,270个节段不能满足管腔的评价.常规造影显示正常或轻度狭窄、中度狭窄的节段,CT有89.6%的节段与其分级一致;显示重度狭窄的节段,CT有90.9%的节段与其分级一致.结论 16层CT冠状动脉成像是一种无创、简便优良的检查方法,显示有临床意义的冠状动脉狭窄(>50%)的准确性很高,对桥血管及冠脉支架术后复查具有优良价值.     

Coronary artery disease is common in nonuremic, asymptomatic type 1 diabetic islet transplant candidates

OBJECTIVE: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common cause of death in patients with type 1 diabetes. Asymptomatic CAD is common in uremic diabetic patients, but its prevalence in nonuremic type 1 diabetic patients is unknown. The prevalence of CAD was determined by coronary angiography and the performance of noninvasive cardiac investigation evaluated in type 1 diabetic islet transplant (ITX) candidates with preserved renal function. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 60 consecutive type 1 diabetic ITX candidates (average age 46 years [mean 24-64], 23 men, and 47% ever smokers) underwent coronary angiography, electrocardiographic stress testing (EST), and myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) in a prospective cohort study. CAD was indicated on angiography by the presence of stenoses >50%. Models to predict CAD were examined by logistic regression. RESULTS: Most subjects (53 of 60) had no history or symptoms of CAD; 23 (43%) of these asymptomatic subjects had stenoses >50%. CAD was associated with age, duration of diabetes, hypertension, and smoking. Although specific, EST and MPI were not sensitive as predictors of CAD on angiography (specificity 0.97 and 0.93, sensitivity 0.17 and 0.04, respectively) but helped identify two of three subjects requiring revascularization. EST and MPI did not enhance logistic regression models. A clinical algorithm to identify low-risk subjects who may not require angiography was highly sensitive but was applicable only to a minority (n = 8, sensitivity 1.0, specificity 0.27, negative predictive value 1.0). CONCLUSIONS: Nonuremic type 1 diabetic patients with hypoglycemic unawareness and/or metabolic lability referred for ITX are at high risk for asymptomatic CAD despite negative noninvasive investigations. Aggressive management of cardiovascular risk factors and further investigation into optimal cardiac risk stratification in type 1 diabetes are warranted.     

Responsible Use of Computed Tomography in the Evaluation of Coronary Artery Disease and Chest Pain

Many options are available to clinicians for the noninvasive evaluation of the cardiovascular system and patient concerns about chest discomfort. Cardiac computed tomography (CT) is a rapidly advancing field of noninvasive imaging. Computed tomography incorporates coronary artery calcium scoring, coronary angiography, ventricular functional analysis, and information about noncardiac thoracic anatomy. We searched the PubMed database and Google from inception to September 2009 for resources on the accuracy, risk, and predictive capacity of coronary artery calcium scoring and CT coronary angiography and have reviewed them herein. Cardiac CT provides diagnostic information comparable to echocardiography, nuclear myocardial perfusion imaging, positron emission tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. A cardiac CT study can be completed in minutes. In patients with a nondiagnostic stress test result, cardiac CT can preclude the need for invasive angiography. Prognostic information portends excellent outcomes in patients with normal study results. Use of cardiac CT can reduce health care costs and length of emergency department stays for patients with chest pain. Cardiac CT examination provides clinically relevant information at a radiation dose similar to well-established technologies, such as nuclear myocardial perfusion imaging. Advances in technique can reduce radiation dose by 90%. With appropriate patient selection, cardiac CT can accurately diagnose heart disease, markedly decrease health care costs, and reliably predict clinical outcomes.CAC = coronary artery calcium; CAD = coronary artery disease; CT = computed tomography; CTA = coronary computed tomographic angiography; EBCT = electron beam CT; ED = emergency department; ICA = invasive coronary angiography; MDCT = multidetector helical CT; MI = myocardial infarction; MPI = myocardial perfusion imaging; NPV = negative predictive value; PPV = positive predictive valueCardiac computed tomography (CT) is a rapidly evolving technology for the noninvasive evaluation of the cardiovascular system. Numerous potential roles for cardiac CT have been developed recently, such as investigating anomalous coronary arteries, evaluating for pulmonary vein stenoses, and preparing for repeated coronary artery bypass grafting. However, the indication of most interest to the public and physicians is evaluating patients for native vessel coronary artery disease (CAD) using coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring and coronary computed tomographic angiography (CTA).We searched the PubMed database and Google, from inception to September 2009, for keywords coronary artery calcium, coronary CT angiography, and radiation risk to identify information sources of interest. We also searched references in other review articles. From Google, we selected publications from trusted sources, such as the Food and Drug Administration and the National Academy of Sciences. From PubMed, we selected articles about test performance characteristics based on the quality of their methods, preferentially using randomized controlled trial data. We selected articles about clinical outcomes from randomized trials when available and from large cohorts as secondary sources. The purpose of this review is to summarize the recent data regarding accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of CTA and the responsible use of cardiac CT.     

64层螺旋CT诊断冠状动脉病变的临床价值

目的：通过对64排螺旋CT（MSCT）冠状动脉造影与选择性冠状动脉造影检测冠状动脉病变（冠状动脉狭窄≥50%）的对比分析,探讨64层螺旋CT评估冠状动脉病变诊断的准确性。方法：回顾性收集2007年12月～2008年10月于我院同期接受64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像和常规经皮冠脉造影的112位冠心病患者的影像资料,以常规冠脉造影为参考标准,对2种检查方法的结果进行对比分析,评估64层螺旋CT冠脉造影对冠状动脉病变诊断的准确性。结果：按常规冠脉造影计算,112例患者共发现374处病变用于评价,MSCT造影检测冠脉病变总的准确性为90.6%,假阳性率和假阴性率分别为4.3%和5.1%;其中MSCT检测为假阴性均发生在左回旋支和右冠远段,假阳性均为冠状动脉伴有钙化。结论：64排螺CT冠状动脉造影检测冠状动脉病变诊断的准确性较高,但血管解剖和冠状动脉钙化可能会影响其对冠状动脉病变的评价和检测。     

64排螺旋CT冠状动脉造影技术及成像质量研究

目的 探讨64排螺旋CT冠状动脉造影成像技术在图像质量控制方面的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析CT冠状动脉造影的临床疑诊冠心病患者366例.将原始数据传至工作站,行多平面重建(MPR)、容积重建(VR)、最大密度投影(MIP)和曲面重建(CPR)等后处理,研究64排螺旋CT冠状动脉造影成像技术及成像质量的影响因素.结果 366名受检者.冠状动脉显示成功率96.7%,优良率82.2%,心率及心率波动与冠状动脉图像质量呈负相关(r=0.905).当心率相对较高时,使用SSB扫描的冠状动脉图像质量要优于SSEG扫描.结论 合理选择CT冠状动脉造影扫描和后处理技术,可以提高图像质量和检查的可靠性.