成都地区的地中海贫血

人类血红蛋白(Hb)分子是由2条α多肽链和2条非α(即β、γ或δ)多肽链构成的四聚体。正常成人血中Hb的组成是:HbA(α_2β_2)约占96～98％.HbF(α_2γ_2)<2％(为胎儿和新生儿Hb的主要成份,2岁后降至成人水平),HbA_2(α_2δ_2)约占2～3％。如果控制某种多肽链合成的基因有缺陷,引起该多肽链合成减少,则形成地中海贫血.地中海贫血可分为α和β两大类.现就成都所见者分述于后。     

尿α1微球蛋白测定在非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病肾病中的意义

为探讨尿α_1微球蛋白(α_1-MG)在非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病(NIDDM)肾病中的意义,测定了62例NIDDM患者尿白蛋白(Alb)、α_1-MG、β_2微球蛋白(β_2-MG)及IgG水平。结果显示:NIDDM微量Alb尿组α_1-MG、β_2-MG、IgG均显著高于对照组(均P<0.01);NIDDM正常Alb尿组α_1-MG已明显增高(P<0.05),且尿α_1-MG与尿Alb呈正相关(r=0.633,P<0.01)。提示尿α_1-MG可作为NIDDM肾病早期诊断指标之一,同时也表明糖尿病早期可能即存在肾小管损害。     

介绍一种血清蛋白及脂蛋白电泳同时染色的方法

据WHO的建议,将血清脂蛋白电泳作为高脂蛋白血症分型的重要依据之一。正常人脂蛋白电泳图谱为三条区带—即α、前β和β脂蛋白。α脂蛋白区带相当于血清蛋白电泳α_1—球蛋白区带位置;前β脂蛋白相当于α_2—球蛋白位置;而β脂蛋白则相当于β—球蛋白位置。这种对应关系说明组成脂蛋白的蛋白部分分别是血浆中的特定成分。     

大鼠左心房α_1受体对β受体及其亚型正性变力效应的影响

在心脏上α_1肾上腺素受体(α_1-AR)和β肾上腺素受体(B_1-AR)单独激动时都可以介导正性变力效应,但是β-AR介导的效率和作用都大于α_1-AR。我们曾报道当α_1-AR和β-AR共同激动时,对心脏收缩产生的效应不是各自单独激动时效应的迭加,而是存在着复杂的相互调节作用,α_1-AR可以抑制β-AR介导的正性变力效应。而且α_1-AR的两种亚型对β-AR的调节作用截然相反。β_1和β_2-AR均可以引起心     

β受体阻断剂的药理作用付作用与临床应用

体内儿茶酚胺受体最早分为α、β两种,近来又将β受体分为β_1和β_2两个亚型。β_1受体使心机能亢进,脂肪分解,肠平滑肌松弛。β_2受体使气管平滑肌、血管平滑肌、子宫平滑肌松弛,肌糖元分解。当交感神经兴奋时,通过α受体使冠状血管收缩,而通过β受体又使冠状血管扩张,后者作用强于前者。交感神经的兴奋还通过β受体使窦房结自动性升高;房室结传导速     

αβ复合型地中海贫血综合征的临床与实验观察

报告两个不相关家系八个家庭成员的四种αβ复合型地中海贫血综合征(地贫)类型。并对其进行临床观察、血液学、血液生化和基因分析,结果是:α地贫_1复合β地贫杂合子,α地贫_2复合β地贫杂合子,α地贫_1复合β地贫纯合子,α地贫_2复合β地贫纯合子四种αβ复合型地贫综合征的基因型和一种β地贫杂合子。α地贫_1复合β地贫杂合子和α地贫_2复合β地贫杂合子是αβ地贫双重杂合子,临床表现与轻型β地贫杂合子相似,为低色素小细胞     

α—受体研究进展

肾上腺素受体分为α,β两大类。α受体又可分为两种亚型,位于突触前膜的为α_1,激活时产生兴奋效应;位于突触后膜的为α_2,兴奋时产生抑制效应。但随着越来越多的高选择性试药的应用,人们对有关α受体的分类,分布,作用机制乃至与疾病的关系的认识,正在发生着变化。 一、突触后膜也存在有兴奋性α_2受体 给毁髓大鼠分别静注选择性α_1受体激动剂甲氧明和选择性α_2受体激动剂B-HT920,可获得两条药物剂量——升压反应曲线.选择性α_1受体阻滞剂哌唑嗪能显著拮抗甲氧明的效应而不影响到B-HT920,选择性α_2受体阻滞剂育亨宾则相反。类似的结果亦见于哌唑嗪和萝芙素(选择性α_2受体阻滞剂)对肾上腺素和α-甲基去甲肾上腺素升高毁髓大鼠血压反应的阻滞。     

TGF-β_1与α-SMA在小鼠肺纤维化模型中的表达及其相互关系

目的探讨转化生长因子β_1(TGF-β_1)与α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)在小鼠肺纤维化模型中的表达,及其之间的相互关系。方法气管内灌注博莱霉素(7 mg/kg)制备肺纤维化模型,进行HE、Masson染色并采用免疫组织化学检测小鼠肺纤维化组织中TGF-β_1和α-SMA的表达。结果对照组中α-SMA表达于支气管和大血管周围的平滑肌细胞,模型组中α-SMA表达于支气管、大血管周围的平滑肌细胞及成纤维细胞灶,TGF-β_1表达于支气管、大血管周围的成纤维细胞、炎细胞以及成纤维细胞灶,与α-SMA表达相似。TGF-β_1和α-SMA均与小鼠肺纤维化程度均呈正相关(r=0.628、0.766,P0.01)。TGF-β_1与α-SMA呈正相关(rs=0.728,P0.01)。结论 TGF-β_1和α-SMA在肺间质纤维形成过程起到重要作用,并可能协同参与。     

心脏交感神经突触前膜和突触后膜的肾上腺素能受体

肾上腺素能受体是细胞膜的组成成份,可能是一种大分子的蛋白质脂旦白。Ahlquist 首先提出肾上腺素能受体可分为两种类型,即α—肾上腺素能受体(简称α受体)和β—肾上腺素能受体(简称β受体)。随后,Lands 又把β受体再分为β_1和β_2两种亚型。近来,Langer 通过大量实验,提出将α受体分为两种亚型,突触前膜的α_2受体和突触后膜的α_1受体。迄今,在心交感神经纤维突触前膜除发现有α受体、β受体外,还发现有胆硷能 M、胆硷能 N、多巴胺、前列腺素、血管紧张素、组     

血清蛋白变化对鼻咽癌患者预后判断的意义

本文研究了155例鼻咽癌血清蛋白电泳α_2/β的比值变化。结果表明,正常组(α_2/β<1)5年生存率明显高于异常组(α_2/β≥1)。尽管两组在治疗结束时疗效相似(完全缓解率为66.1％和65.2％),但5年内复发率前者为30.6％.后者为80.0％。因此,我们认为血清蛋白电泳不同于临床分期或其他预后因素,对判断鼻咽癌病人的预后方面更有价值。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.